Recently, many studies have reported the fact that an excessively accumulated psychological and physical burden induced from physical labor conducted routinely in home and industry can be one of main reasons of musculoskeletal disorders in the working population. This fact makes increase interests in studies to reduce a risk of musculoskeletal disorders through grafting ergonomic considerations on working environment. However, there are currently limited methodologies in quantitative evaluations of new ergonomic suggestions to reduce a risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The current study is therefore performed to evaluate quantitatively effects of a design of washing machine as a new ergonomic suggestion onto prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, through application of a biomechanical evaluation methodology. For this, three-dimensional motion analysis by using musculoskeletal models with Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), which has been generally used for a simple evaluation of a degree of harmfulness of the human body at specific working postures to be considered, was performed. The results of REBA did not give us enough information and their results were somewhat simple and inaccurate, but the results of the three-dimensional motion analysis give us enough information such as alteration of main muscle forces and joint moments required during washing work. All results showed that the main muscle strengths and joint moments were decreased effectively for reduction of a risk of musculoskeletal disorders during the washing work with newly designed washing machine evaluated in the current study, compared with those generated during the washing work with general washing machine. From these results, it can be concluded that a risk of the musculoskeletal disorders, which may be induced by a repetitive washing work, may be reduced through using the washing machine designed ergonomically and newly. Also, it is thought that if our ergonomic design can be applied for improvement of working environment in lifting and laying works conducted repeatedly for a treatment work of goods, which have a strong resemblance to the behaviors generated frequently during the washing work, a possibility of occurrence of the musculoskeletal disorders by the lifting and laying works may be reduced highly.
Kim, Yun-Jong;Kim, Taek-Nam;Kim, Sang-Bae;Jo, Seong-Baek;Jo, Geon-Jun;Lee, Tae-Hyeong
Korean Journal of Materials Research
/
v.11
no.2
/
pp.120-125
/
2001
Generally, hydroxyapatite(HAp), zeolite, carbon molecular sieve , activated carbon and alumina are used as heavy metal ions adsorption materials. Among those adsorption materials, HAp which has good positive ion-exchange ability with metal ion, and zeolite are utilized in wastewater treatment. Most of water pollutions are caused by hazardous heavy metals ions as well as bacteria in waste water. In this study, a adsorption materials (HAP and zeolite) are ion-exchanged with a well known antimicrobial metal ions, such as $Ag^+,\;Cu^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, in order to give a adsorption of heavy metal ions and a killing effects of bacteria. The antimicrobial effects of adsorption materials are observed using by E. Coli. The results show that there is a complete antimicrobial effect in the adsorption materials with $Ag^+$ at the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-4}$cell/$m\ell$ of E. Coli until 24 hours. However, there is not good antimicrobial effects in the adsorption materials with $Cu^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$ substitution. Feng et. al. showed the denaturation effects of silver ions which induces the condensed DNA molecules and losing their replication abilities.
Yu Mi Woo;Dong Gyu Lee;Yun Sik Hwang;Jae Chan Heo;SeongMin Jeong;Yong Jun Cho;Kwi-Il Park;Jung Hwan Park
Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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v.36
no.5
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pp.454-462
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2023
Flash lamp annealing (FLA) of metal nanoparticle (NP) ink has provided powerful strategies to fabricate high-performance electrodes on a flexible substrate because of its rapid processing capability (in milliseconds), low-temperature process, and compatibility with to roll-to-roll process. However, metal NPs [e.g., gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), etc.] have limitations such as difficulty in synthesizing fine metal NPs (diameter less than 10 nm), high price, and degradation during ink storage and FLA processing. In this regard, organometallic ink has been proposed as a material that can replace metal NPs due to their low-cost (usually 1/100 times cheaper than metal nano inks), low-temperature processability, and high material stability. Despite these advantages, the fabrication of flexible electrodes through FLA treatment of organometallic compounds has not been extensively researched. In this paper, we experimentally guide how to determine the optimal conditions for forming electrodes on flexible substrates by considering material parameters, and flashlight processing parameters (energy density, pulse duration, etc) to minimize the difficulties that may arise during the FLA of organometallic ink.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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v.28
no.12
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pp.155-166
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2023
This study was conducted with 50 elderly people each (5) participating in the cognitive rehabilitation treatment program at the Dementia Care Center in D City to derive the development direction and contents of a multidimensional therapeutic recreation program and a revitalization plan through analysis of the current status and actual conditions of the cognitive rehabilitation program at the Dementia Care Center. aperture) was selected, and 9 people were selected as the subject of expert group opinion collection. The collected data was SPSS ver. Using the 18.0 statistical program, descriptive statistics and the importance and priority of each component were analyzed by hierarchical structure analysis. First, unlike the needs of users, the cognitive rehabilitation support programs currently being provided are not sufficient and require considerable experience. It was found to be low, and the areas for improvement were the expansion of care and protection facilities and the development of various programs to meet the needs of users. Second, the importance and priority of each component of therapeutic recreation were categorized into 6 major categories: exercise therapy , middle category (16 items) behavior-centered approach to exercise therapy, small category (47 items) strength and brain gymnastics, and silver health gymnastics were the highest. This result shows that a multidimensional program plan that considers the priorities of each area must be made when developing a therapeutic recreation program.
A plant regeneration system was developed through shoot organogenesis from in vitro leaf explants of Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Ohblang'. The effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulators and AgNO3 on efficient shoot regeneration and inhibition of browning were evaluated in chrysanthemum. The explants were cultured on MS shoot induction medium supplemented with 12 combination treatments of 6-benzyladenine (BA) 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L in darkness for 6 weeks and cultured under a 16/8 h photoperiod for 6 weeks. The highest shoot regeneration was obtained from the explants cultured on the medium with 1.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Based on this result, AgNO3 was added to a shoot induction medium containing MS salts, vitamins, 1.0 mg/L BA, 1.0 mg/L NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, and 6 g/L agar to reduce browning of chrysanthemum leaf explants. In the control treatment without AgNO3, leaf explants turned brown at the cut edge; however, browning was not observed in AgNO3 treatments. Shoot organogenesis was higher at low concentrations of AgNO3 and decreased with an increase in AgNO3 concentration. The explants cultured on shoot induction medium (MS salts, vitamins, 1.0 mg/L BA, 1.0 mg/L NAA) with 1 mg/L of AgNO3 produced the highest shoot regeneration with 2.6 shoots per explants and a browning index of 0.7. When the regenerated shoots were detached from the explants and cultured on MS medium, the shoots were elongated and rooted successfully.
Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness(BHR) and inflammation. The cyclooxygenase(COX) is believed to be one of the important enzymes in these inflammatory reactions. Recently, the COX was divided into two isoforms, COX1 and COX2. COX2 is induced by lipopolysaccharide and some cytokines at the inflammation site. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), produced from COX2, may affect airway inflammation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of COX2 inhibitor on COX2 expression, plasma PGE2, airway resistance and histologic finding in an animal asthma model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. The normal control group did not receive any treatment, but the asthma control group was sensitized by ovalbumin but not treated with the COX2 inhibitor(nimesulide, Mesulid$^{(R)}$). The treatment group was sensitized and treated with nimesulide. Specific airway resistance(sRaw) before and after nimesulide ingestion was investigated. The PGE2 level in the plasma was examined and COX2 immunogold-silver stain on lung tissue was performed. Results: sRaw and eosionophilic infiltration on airway, which increased in the asthma control group, was compared to normal control(p=0.014). However, there was no difference in eosinophilic infiltration between asthma control and treatment groups(p=0.408) and no difference in COX2 expression on bronchiolar epithelium among the three groups. Plasma PGE2 levels were not statically different among the three groups. Conclusion: The role of COX2 in the allergen-induced BHR was not significant The effect of nimesulide was not observed on BHR, COX2 expression, and plasma PGE2 level. Therefore, COX2 may not be a major substance of allergic asthma.
This study was conducted to investigate the feeding effect of $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ on growth performance, organ phenomenon and cecum microflora in broiler chicks. The $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ was made by an ion exchange between illite and $silver(Ag^+)$. There were four treatment groups: negative control group(non-treatment), antibiotic supplement group (positive control), 0.5% $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplment group and 1.5% $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement group. Total 200 birds was assigned for this five replication tests, allocating 10 birds into each treatment. Experimental diets were formulated on isocalories and isonitrogen for the whole experimental period. Body weight gain was higher in antibiotic supplementation (+C) and $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement groups(S 0.5% and 51.5%) than the negative control group(-C), and feed efficiency was significantly enhanced with increase of the level of $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement. The length of small intestine was longer in +C than in -C and $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement groups (P<0.05), and the weight of small intestine was proportional to the level of $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement. Crop weight was lower in $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement group than in -C and +C groups (P<0.05), and the cecum weight was heavier in $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplementation group. Intestinal villi height was longer in 51.5% group at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of age than in -C and +C groups. With the respect of the formation of intestinal microflora, TBC and CBC was not affected by age and feed additive. However, the number of LAB was slightly higher in $bio-silverlite^{(R)}$ supplement group than in -C and +C groups.
Purpose: It has recently been recognized that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children. But, the best treatment for H. pylori infection is still unsettled. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 2 weeks dual therapy with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and amoxicillin for children with H. pylori infection associated with RAP. Method: Our study included 24 children with RAP who were H. pylori positive assessed by CLO test and histologic examination (silver stain). We used the regimen consisted of PPI (omeprazole, 0.7 mg/kg/day) and amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks to eradicate H. pylori. Eradication of H. pylori was determined 4 weeks after the termination of treatment using the CLO test and histologic examination. Results: The endoscopic diagnoses of patients were nodular gastritis in 11 cases, superficial gastritis in 7 cases, peptic ulcer in 4 cases and normal finding in 2 cases. H. pylori was eradicated in 12 cases by omeprazole and amoxicillin dual therapy for 2 weeks and the eradication rate was 50%. In 4 of 12 children in whom H. pylori had not been eradicated with that regimen, we successfully eradicated H. pylori with other regimens of which 2 or 3 drugs among omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, colloidal bismuth subcitrate ($Denol^{(R)}$) and metronidazole were used. Conclusion: The dual therapy with PPI and amoxicillin for 2 weeks had no clear advantage over other regimens for the eradication of H. pylori infection in children. We concluded that the combi-nation of PPI and amoxicillin for 2 weeks is not so good for H. pylori eradication as other commonly used regimens.
The objective of this study was to establish a processing technology for preserved leaves based on the results from the examination of the optimal period and condition for dye-absorbing treatment for Eucalyptus cinerea F. Mull. ex Benth. (silver dollar eucalyptus) being used frequently as plant material for flower design. Cut foliages of E. cinerea with uniformly matured leaves were cut into 20 cm lengths and their lower stem parts were placed in dye solution in growth chambers with different temperatures (10, 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$), vapor pressure deficits (VPD; 0.23, 0.70, 1.17, and 1.61 kPa), and photoperiods (0, 6, 12, 24 hours) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, and then dried in a room of $20^{\circ}C$ for three days. Lower temperature during preserving dye treatment reduced the changes in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. Especially, high temperature increased red degree (a) and decreased yellow degree (b) due to browning. Lower VPD reduced the change in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. Shorter photoperiod reduced the change in leaf color compared with fresh leaves and decreased ${\Delta}E$ value. The ${\Delta}E$ value increased with increasing absorbing duration under three environmental conditions. The flexibility of stem and leaves after dipped into preserving dye solution and dried for 3 days increased with decreasing temperature, VPD and dipping duration. Therefore, the optimal environment condition for dye treatment was 0.23-0.70 kPa VPD at $10-20^{\circ}C$ in the darkness, and the optimal and economical duration was 3 days. These conditions reduced the speed of water loss by decreasing transpiration, so yellowing or browning by rapid water loss deteriorated the quality of preserved leaves out of these ranges.
Background : In patients with severe chronic lung diseases even a small pneumothorax can result in life-threatening respiratory distress. It is important to treat the attack by chest tube drainage until the lung expands. Pneumothorax with a persistent air leak that does not resolve under prolonged tube thoracostomy suction is usually treated by open operation to excise or oversew a bulla or cluster of blebs to stop the air leak. Pleurodesis by the instillation of chemical agents is used for the patient who has persistent air leak and is not good candidate for surgical treatment. When the primary trial of pleurodesis with common agent fails, it is uncertain which agent should be used f or stopping the air leak by pleurodesis. It is well known that inappropriate drainage of hemothorax results in severe pleural adhesion and thickening. Based on this idea, some reports described a successful treatment with autologous blood instillation for pneumothorax patients with or without residual pleural space. We tried pleurodesis with autologous bood for pneumothorax with persistent air leak and then we evaluated the efficacy and safety. Methods : Fifteen patients who had persistent air leak in the pneumothorax complicated from the severe chronic lung disease were enrolled. They were not good candidates for surgical treatment and doxycycline pleurodesis failed to stop up their air leaks. We used a mixture of autologous blood and 50% dextrose for pleurodesis. Effect and complications were assessed by clinical out∞me, chest radiography and pulmonary function tests. Results : The mean duration of air leak was 18.4${\pm}$6.16 days before ABP (autologous blood and dextrose pleurodesis) and $5.2{\pm}1.68$ days after ABP. The mean severity of pain was $2.3{\pm}0.70$ for DP(doxycycline pleurodesis) and $1.7{\pm}0.59$ for ABDP (p<0.05). There was no other complication except mild fever. Pleural adhesion grade was a mean of $0.6{\pm}0.63$. The mean dyspnea scale was $1.7{\pm}0.46$ before pneumothrax and $2.0{\pm}0.59$ after ABDP (p>0.05). The mean $FEV_1$ was $1.47{\pm}1.01$ before pneumothorax and $1.44{\pm}1.00$ after ABDP (p>0.05). Except in 1 patient, 14 patients had no recurrent pneumothorax. Conclusion : Autologous blood pleurodesis (ABP) was successful for treatment of persistent air leak in the pneumothorax. It was easy and inexpensive and involved less pain than doxycycline pleurodesis. It did not cause complications and severe pleural adhesion. We report that ABP can be considered as a useful treatment for persistent air leak in the pneumothorax complicated from the severe chronic lung disease.
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