• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.2063-2070
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• 2024

A series of ordinary concrete is casted in order to examine the influence of the manganiferous siltstone rocks on the physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray shielding properties. Thus, a partial replacement for the coarse aggregates by siltstone rocks was performed during the fabrication of the currently ordinary concrete. The test revealed that raising the siltstone concentration improved the mechanical characteristics and density of the developed concretes. The addition of siltstone rocks at concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 wt% of the coarse aggregate concentration raises the density of the concrete from 2.05 g/cm³ to 2.3 g/cm³. Furthermore, partial substitution of basalt with siltstone rocks improves gamma-ray shielding properties. The experimental results for the linear attenuation coefficient show an increase in its value from 0.146 cm1 to 0.160 cm^-1 when the siltstone concentration is increased between 0 and 40 wt% at 0.662 MeV. Furthermore, increasing the concentrations of siltstone affected the half-value thickness, which varied between 4.759 and 4.319 cm at 0.662 MeV. Therefore, the replacement presents a new alternative coarse aggregate that can enhance the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of ordinary concretes.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

전북 부안군 백악기 계화리층 하부에 나타나는 현무암질 안산암-실트암 페퍼라이트의 산출양상과 특성을 보고한다. 페퍼라이트는 판상의 현무암질 안산암에 수반되어 산출되며, 안산암은 적색의 범람원 기원 실트암과 실트질 사암교호층 내에 조화적으로 협재되어 있다. 페퍼라이트가 안산암 상부 경계부에서 산출되는 점과 경계부에서는 분산형 페퍼라이트가 우세하나 안산암 내부쪽에서는 밀집형 페퍼라이트가 우세해지는 점은 안산암이 관입기원(?관입암상)임을 지시한다. 마그마 관입과 페퍼라이트 형성은 계화분지 형성 초기부터 퇴적동시성 화산활동이 활발하였음을 시사한다. 안산암의 K-Ar 전암 절대연령은 백악기 후기(Santonian)로 측정되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2018

백악기 음성분지는 북동-남서 방향으로 발달한 공주 주향이동 단층대를 따라 생성된 인리형 분지이다. 분지 남서부의 구곡리 농다리-미르 숲에는 두꺼운 자색 이암 퇴적층이 분포하며, 역암, 역질 사암, 녹색 이암 등이 자색 이암층에 협재한다. 퇴적층은 7개의 퇴적상으로 구성된다: 층리를 보이는 역암(C2), 실트암 내 역암(CE), 실트암 내 층리를 보이는 역질 사암(PSE2), 자색 사질 실트암(Zp), 녹색 사질 실트암(Zg), 자색 이암(Mp), 녹색 이암(Mg). 퇴적환경은 분지 남서부에서 발달하였던 충적-호소 퇴적계에서 충적 평원이 우세한 환경으로 해석된다. 구곡리 퇴적계의 퇴적층을 1:5000 축척 지형도를 이용하여 조사하였고, 도로 지질도로 작성하였다. 본 연구는 이 숲의 새로운 노두에서 측정한 고수류 방향 자료와 퇴적층의 특징에 근거하여, 동북동과 북북동 방향으로 발달한 하천 퇴적계를 새로이 제안하였다. 또한 기존에 보고된 구곡리 퇴적계의 모델을 개선하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.333-352
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• 2017

A comparison study is made between the dynamic properties of an argillaceous siltstone and its grouting-reinforced body. The purpose is to investigate how grout injection can help repair broken soft rocks. A slightly weathered argillaceous siltstone is selected, and part of the siltstone is mechanically crushed and cemented with Portland cement to simulate the grouting-reinforced body. Core specimens with the size of $50mm{\times}38mm$ are prepared from the original rock and the grouting-reinforced body. Impact tests on these samples are then carried out using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus. Failure patterns are analyzed and geotechnical parameters of the specimens are estimated. Based on the experimental results, for the grouting-reinforced body, its shock resistance is poorer than that of the original rock, and most cracks happen in the cementation boundaries between the cement mortar and the original rock particles. It was observed that the grouting-reinforced body ends up with more fragmented residues, most of them have larger fractal dimensions, and its dynamic strength is generally lower. The mass ratio of broken rocks to cement has a significant effect on its dynamic properties and there is an optimal ratio that the maximum dynamic peak strength can be achieved. The dynamic strain-softening behavior of the grouting-reinforced body is more significant compared with that of the original rock. Both the time dependent damage model and the modified overstress damage model are equally applicable to the original rock, but the former performs much better compared with the latter for the grouting-reinforced body. In addition, it was also shown that water content and impact velocity both have significant effect on dynamic properties of the original rock and its grouting-reinforced body. Higher water content leads to more small broken rock pieces, larger fractal dimensions, lower dynamic peak strength and smaller elastic modulus. However, the water content plays a minor role in fractal dimensions when the impact velocity is beyond a certain value. Higher impact loading rate leads to higher degree of fragmentation and larger fractal dimensions both in argillaceous siltstone and its grouting-reinforced body. These results provide a sound basis for the quantitative evaluation on how cement grouting can contribute to the repair of broken soft rocks.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2006

Alluvial-plain deposits in the southeastern part of the Eumsung Basin (Cretaceous) are characterized by coarse-grained channel fills encased in purple siltstone beds. It represents distinct channel geometry, infill organization, and variations in facies distribution. The directions of paleocurrent, sedimentary facies changes, and channel-fill geometry can be used to reconstruct a channel network in the alluvial system developed along the southeastern margin of the basin. The channel-fill facies represent downstream changes: 1) down-sizing and well-sorting in clast and martix of channel fills and 2) internal organization of scour fill or gravel lag and overlying cross-stratified, planar-stratified beds. These findings suggest multiple stages of channel-filling processes according to flooding and subsequent stream flows. In the small-scale pull-apart Eumsung Basin (${\sim}7{\times}33km^2$ in area), vertical-stacked alluvial architecture of the coarse-grained channel fills encased in purple siltstone is expected to result from episodic channel shifting under a rapidly subsiding setting.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국석유지질학회 1998년도 제5차 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.29-37
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• 1998

The sedimentary succession on the northern coast of Jindo and the adjacent area comprises the thinly bedded, fine-grained deposits of an epiclastic sandstone, siltstone, black shale/mudstone, and cherty mudstone (ca. 200m in vertical thickness), which are interpreted as the finely stratified turbidites mainly by density underflow-induced currents. Most deposits can be divided into eight facies: thin-bedded, ash-rich massive sandstone layer (mS), graded and laminated mudstone layer (glM), graded mudstone layer with ripple lamination (rM), laminated and graded siltstone layer (lgZ), finely laminated black shale layer (IBS), structureless mudstone layer (mM), thin-bedded cherty mudstone layer (lCM), and contorted and laminated mudstone layer (dlM), The thin-bedded, ash-rich sandstone facies is interpreted to be deposited from high-density turbid underflows during a relatively large flooding. Most thinly bedded mudstone facies would be deposited from low-density turbid underflows (turbidity currents) with some different hydrodynamic condition and sediment concentration during the high discharge of river water. Whereas the structureless mudstone facies may result from raining down of suspended sediment intermittently supplied by overflows and interflows. From the entire succession, graded and laminated mudstone layers interbedded with thin-bedded, ash-rich massive sandstone are dominant in the lower part of the succession, and graded mudstone layers with ripple lamination ripple lamination occur mainly in the middle part of it. On the other hand, iaminated/raded siltstone and contorted/laminated mudstone layers prevail in the upper part. The transition of facies association is suggestive of the continuous change of main depositional setting from basin plain to lower slope, which could be due to the movement of depocenter by the increase of sediment supply (volcanic activity).

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 암반역학위원회 학술세미나 논문집
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• pp.31-50
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• 2002

The sedimentary rocks deposited in Taegu and Kyongbuk region consist of various rocks such as the shale, mudstone, siltstone and sandstone. The characteristics of the sedimentary rocks are distinguished from those of igneous rocks and metamorphy rocks for the stratum caused by deposit environment. This study investigated engineering characteristics of the anisotropy, weathering rock and filled rock joints in the notable features of sedimentary rocks.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.311-330
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• 2021

청송 신성리 공룡발자국 화석지에는 최소한 수각류 보행렬 11개, 용각류 보행렬 3개 및 조각류 보행렬 1개 이상 존재하여, 국내 다른 공룡발자국 화석지에 비해 수각류 보행렬의 밀집도가 높다. 공룡발자국의 모암은 미사암과 이암의 암상을 보이나 전체적으로 열변질을 받아 혼펠스화되어 있다. 이 화석지의 표면에는 다양한 방향의 절리가 나타나며 미세균열과 박락을 제외하면 모든 손상요인에서 낮은 점유율을 보였다. 초음파 속도 측정 결과, 화석지의 암석은 비교적 건전한 물성을 보여 안정적인 것으로 평가되었다. 공룡발자국 화석의 손상형태에 따라 보존처리 유형을 세분하면, 균열의 진전을 제어할 수 있는 강화처리가 필요한 발자국화석이 절반 이상의 비율을 보였다. 또한 발자국의 가시화를 위해 도포한 흰색 페인트가 열화되면서 암편 탈락을 유발하여 오히려 화석의 손상을 촉진하는 것으로 나타나, 이를 대체할 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2009

Breakdown pressures obtained from the classic, linear elastic breakdown model are compared with the corresponding pressures obtained using a nonlinear material model. Compression test results obtained on sandstone and siltstone are used for that purpose together with previously formulated nonlinear model which introduces elasticity functions to address nonlinear stress-strain behaviour of rocks exhibiting stress-dependent mechanical properties. Linear and nonlinear collapse pressures are also compared and it is shown that material nonlinearities have significant effect on both breakdown and collapse pressures and on tangential stresses which control breakdown pressure around a borehole. This means that the estimates of ${\sigma}_H$ made using linear models give stress values which are different than the real values in the earth. Thus the importance of a more accurate analysis, such as provided by the nonlinear models, is emphasised. It is shown, however, that the linear elastic model does not necessarily over-predict borehole stresses and the opposite case can be true, depending on rock type and test interpretation.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

국내에서는 콘크리트 포장용 굵은 골재를 대상으로 화학적인 시험방법과 모르타르 봉 시험방법을 이용한 결과 알칼리-실리카 반응 유해 가능성이 낮은 것으로 알려져 왔으나, 최근에 알칼리 - 실리카 반응에 의한 파손이 발생되었고, ASTM C 1260을 이용한 결과 일부 골재에서 유해한 팽창이 발생된다고 보고되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 모르타르 봉 시험방법인 KS F 2546과 ASTM C 1260을 이용하여 길이 팽창 유도기간의 환경조건이 알칼리 - 실리카 팽창 반응 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. KS F 2546의 경우 대상 골재 모두 반응성 없음으로 판정되었으나 ASTM C 1260에서는 일부 골재에서 잠재반응성 이상으로 판정되었다. 이는 외부로부터의 알칼리 이온의 공급, 온도 및 습도 차이에 의하여 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 ASTM C 1260에서 NaOH의 농도변화 실험을 통하여 NaOH의 농도가 증가할수록 길이팽창이 현저하게 증가한다는 것을 확인하였으며, 온도 및 습도가 증가함에 따라 길이팽창이 증가한다는 것을 확인하였다.