• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.885-898
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• 2024

Ovomucin (OM), which has insoluble fractions is a viscous glycoprotein, found in egg albumin. Enzymatic hydrolysates of OM have water solubility and bioactive properties. This study investigated that the immunostimulatory effects of OM hydrolysates (OMHs) obtained by using various proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase^®, bromelain, α-chymotrypsin, Neutrase^®, pancreatin, papain, Protamax^®, and trypsin) in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that OMH prepared with pancreatin (OMPA) produced the highest levels of nitrite oxide in RAW 264.7 cells, through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were increased with the cytokines mRNA expression. The effect of OMPA on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was increased the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, OMPA could be used as a potential immune-stimulating agent in the functional food industry.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2001

Tissue transglutaminase (TGII, $G{\alpha}h$) belongs to a family of enzymes which catalyze post-translational modification of proteins by forming isopeptides via $Ca^{2+}$-dependent reaction. Although TGII-mediated formation of isopeptides has been implicated to play a role in a variety of cellular processes, the physiological function of TGII remains unclear. In addition to this Tease activity, TGII is a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) which binds and hydrolyzes GTP It is now well recognized that the GTPase action of TGII regulates a receptor-mediated transmembrane signaling, functioning as a signal transducer of the receptor. This TGII function signifies that TGII is a new class of GTP-binding regulatory protein (G-protein) that differs from "Classical" heterotrimeric G-proteins. Regulation of enzyme is an important biological process for maintaining cell integrity. This review summarizes the recent development in regulation of TGII that may help for the better understanding of this unique enzyme. Since activation and inactivation of GTPase of TGII are similar to the heterotrimeric G-proteins, the regulation of heterotrimeric G-protein in the transmembrane signaling is also discussed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제29권1_2호
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• pp.427-442
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• 2011

Calcium is a vital second messenger for signal transduction in neurons. Calcium plays an important role in almost every part of the human body but in neuronal cytosol, it is of utmost importance. In order to understand the calcium signaling mechanism in a better way a finite element model has been developed to study the flow of calcium in two dimensions with time. This model assumes EBA (Excess Buffering Approximation), incorporating all the important parameters like time, association rate, influx, buffer concentration, diffusion constant etc. Finite element method is used to obtain calcium concentration in two dimensions and numerical integration is used to compute effect of time over 2-D Calcium profile. Comparative study of calcium signaling in two dimensions with time is done with other important physiological parameters. A MATLAB program has been developed for the entire problem and simulated on an x64 machine to compute the numerical results.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1 (A)
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• pp.322-324
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이동 호스트에게 실시간 서비스의 Quality of Service(QoS)를 제공하기 위한 자원 예약 프로토콜을 제시, 설명한다. 실시간 서비스를 제공하는데 있어 이동성은 통신 경로의 변경으로 인해 QoS에 심각한 영향을 끼치게 된다. 그러나 현재 QoS를 위한 signaling 프로토콜인 자원 예약 프로토콜(Resource ReServation Protocol , RSVP)은 고정 호스트만을 가정하고 있으므로 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 그대로 사용하기에는 적합하지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이동 호스트를 지원하는 Integrated Network에서 RSVP Agent를 사용하여 Mobile IP와 연동하는 새로운 signaling프로토콜을 제안한다. RSVP Agent는 RSVP tunnel을 사용하여 이동호스트를 대신해서 주위의 ？들에 미리 자원을 예약해 주는 역할을 하게 된다. 이 후 이동 호스트는 RSVP Agent가 미리 예약해준 자원을 사용하게 됨으로써 고정 호스트에게 상대 노드의 이동성을 고려하여 자원을 예약하지 않아도 되도록 지원해주며, 경로 마다 관리해야 하는 soft-state 유지비용의 감소를 가져오고, 불필요한 bandwidth의 예약을 막고, 패킷 지연을 줄여 주는 효과를 가져오게 되며 그 결과를 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인해 본다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by the vascular remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles, including formation of plexiform and concentric lesions comprised of proliferative vascular cells. Clinically, PAH leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure and subsequent right ventricular failure. Existing therapies have improved the outcome but mortality still remains exceedingly high. There is emerging evidence that the seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor APJ and its cognate endogenous ligand apelin are important in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis through the targeting of critical mediators, such as Kr$\ddot{u}$ppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Disruption of this pathway plays a major part in the pathogenesis of PAH. Given its role in the maintenance of pulmonary vascular homeostasis, the apelin-APJ pathway is a potential target for PAH therapy. This review highlights the current state in the understanding of the apelin-APJ axis related to PAH and discusses the therapeutic potential of this signaling pathway as a novel paradigm of PAH therapy.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

무선 ATM망에서 동적 슬롯할당을 행하기 위해서는 이동국(MT)에서 요구되는 슬롯량은 이동국의 트래픽 특성을 반영하는 동적 변수들(DPs)에 의해 예측된다. VBR 트래픽에서 슬롯할당은 시의존성 특성 및 서비스품질(QoS) 요구를 고려하여 이동국에서 행해진다. 본 논문에서는 동적 변수들-버퍼상태 정보와 버퍼상태 변화-이 대역내 신호방식으로 전송된다. 또한, 기지국(BS)은 각 이동국의 트래픽 특성을 고려하여 동적 슬롯할당을 수행한다 다시 말해서, 이동국 버퍼가 특정한 임계값을 넘으면 버퍼상태 정보는 기지국에게 '버퍼풀 상태'의 가능성을 알리며, 버퍼상태 변화는 이동국에게 입력 셀에 대한 버퍼상태의 변화를 알려준다 만약 버퍼상태 정보가 '낮음(임계값보다 큰 경우)'과 '급상승' 상태이면 셀 전송지연과 셀 손실이 발생하는 '버퍼풀'을 가져온다. 이때 기지국은 이동국에게 부가적인 슬롯을 할당하며 이동국은 버퍼내의 셀들을 전송한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 방식이 EPSA 대역내 신호방식보다 샌 지연과 셀 손실에 대한 성능이 우수함을 보여준다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.164-169
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• 2003

This paper is presented to a theory comparing each different systems by quantitatively analyzing reliability. availability, maintenance and safety. Reliability R(t) produced by the method here is used for MTBF calculation of system as reliability of normal state. It is possible to produce the failure rate of unsafety state through modelization of system only to use the failure rate, after yielding the failure rate of failure mode to each unsafety sate in case that unsafety state is defined with the function of systems applied.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

The receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) signal is an activator of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which leads to the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and other signal transduction pathways essential for osteoclastogenesis, such as $Ca^{2+}$ signaling. However, the intracellular levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ($IP_3$) and $IP_3$-mediated cellular function of RANKL during osteoclastogenesis are not known. In the present study, we determined the levels of $IP_3$ and evaluated $IP_3$-mediated osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast activity by RANKL treatment of mouse leukemic macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) and mouse bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs). During osteoclastogenesis, the expression levels of $Ca^{2+}$ signaling proteins such as $IP_3$ receptors ($IP_3Rs$), plasma membrane $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase, and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase type2 did not change by RANKL treatment for up to 6 days in both cell types. At 24 h after RANKL treatment, a higher steady-state level of $IP_3$ was observed in RAW264.7 cells transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of phospholipase C (PLC) ${\delta}$, a probe specifically detecting intracellular $IP_3$ levels. In BMMs, the inhibition of PLC with U73122 [a specific inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC)[ and of $IP_3Rs$ with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB; a non-specific inhibitor of $IP_3Rs$) inhibited the generation of RANKL-induced multinucleated cells and decreased the bone-resorption rate in dentin slice, respectively. These results suggest that intracellular $IP_3$ levels and the $IP_3$-mediated signaling pathway play an important role in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.457-470
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of kinesin superfamily member 15 (KIF15) in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis (NPC) and explore its underlying mechanisms. We employed various assays, including the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, the Transwell and scratch assay, Western blotting, and nude mice transplantation tumor, to investigate the impact of KIF15 on NPC. Our findings demonstrate that KIF15 plays a critical role in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. Furthermore, we discovered that silencing KIF15 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis, and that KIF15's effect on NPC cell growth is mediated through the PI3K/AKT and P53 signaling pathways. Additionally, we showed that KIF15 promotes nasopharyngeal cancer cell growth in vivo. Our study sheds light on the significance of KIF15 in NPC by revealing that KIF15 knockdown inhibits NPC cell growth through the regulation of AKT-related signaling pathways. These findings suggest that KIF15 represents a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of NPC.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.388-392
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• 2004

genomics의 정보해석이나 신경전달물질 또는 약의 전달체계에서 아주 중요한 역할을 담당하는 막단백질의 구조연구는 기존의 X-ray나 용액상 핵자기공명분광법으로 수행하기 어려우나 지방질 이분자층이나 여러분자층에서 움직이지 않게 정렬시킨 단백질시료를 이용하여 특이하게 고안된 home-built solid-state NMR probe를 이용하면 구조를 연구할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 박테리오파지인 pf1의 growth, 분리, 정제 및 pf1에서의 coat protein의 분리, 정제과정과 최종적으로 분리 정제된 pf1의 coat protein의 인산지방질 이분자층에서의 구조를 고체상 핵자기공명 분광법을 이용하여 연구하고자 한다.