• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.505-516
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop sign language interpreting content in the medical setting that facilitates Deaf people's access to medical services in situations where professional and accurate medical sign language interpreting is insufficient. To achieve the purpose of this study, we conducted a literature review, individual interviews for Deaf people, on-site requirement surveys of sign language interpreters and sign language experts, and medical and sign language expert consultations. Based on this, we developed sign language interpreting content such as main care contextual scenarios, basic medical terms, and medical term descriptions. Through this study, we developed medical sign language content considering the situation and medical importance of Deaf people to promote expertise in the medial sign language area and developed a responsive website of sign language medical dictionary that effectively and efficiently delivers information to Deaf people and sign language interpreters; we realized the need and importance of sign language translation for Deaf people to be the main bodies.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.665-671
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• 2000

A matrix whose entries consist of the symbols +.- and 0 is called a sign pattern matrix . In 1994 , Eschenbach gave a graph theoretic characterization of irreducible sign idempotent pattern matrices. In this paper, we give a characterization of reducible sign idempotent matrices. We show that reducible sign idempotent matrices, whose digraph is contained in an irreducible sign idempotent matrix, has all nonnegative entries up to equivalences. this extend the previous result.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.561-573
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• 1995

A matrix whose entries consist of the symbols +, - and 0 is called a sign pattern matrix. In [1], a graph theoretic characterization of sign idempotent pattern matrices was given. A question was given for the sign patterns which allow idempotence. We characterized the sign patterns which allow idempotence in the sign idempotent pattern matrices.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.537-555
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• 2008

The study aims to analyze elementary school students' understanding of the concept of equality sign in contexts, to reflect the types of contexts for equality sign which mathematics textbook series for $1{\sim}4$ grades on natural numbers and its operation provide, and to invetigate the effects of teaching methods of the concept of equality sign suggested in this research. In order to achieve these purposes, the origin, concept, and contexts of equality sign were theoretically reviewed and organized. Also the error types in using equality sign were reflected. Modelling, discussing truth or falsity of equations, identifying relations between numbers and their operation, conjecturing basic properties of numbers and their operations, experiencing diverse contexts for equality sign, and creating contexts for equality sign are set up as teaching methods for better understanding the concept of equality sign. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, elementary school students' under-standing of the concept of equality sign varied by context and was generally far from satisfactory. In particular, they had difficulties in understanding the concept of the equal sign in contexts with operations on both sides. The most frequently witnessed error was to recognize equality sign as a result of operations. Secondly, student' lack of understanding of the concept of equality sign came from the fact that elementary textbooks failed to provide diverse contexts for equality sign. According to the textbook analysis, contexts with operations on the left side of the equal sign in the form of $a{\pm}b=c$ were provided excessively, with the other contexts hardly seen. Thirdly, teaching methods provided in the study were found to be effective for enhancing understanding the concept of equality sign. In other words, these methods enabled students to focus on relational understanding of concept of equality sign rather than operational one.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2006

In this paper we prove that if AX=b is a partial sign-solvable linear system with A being sign non-singular matrix and if ${\alpha}=\{j:\;x_j\;is\;sign-determined\;by\; Ax=b\}, then $A_{\alpha}X_{\alpha}=b_{\alpha}$ is a sign-solvable linear system, where $A_{\alpha}$ denotes the submatrix of A occupying rows and columns in o and xo and be are subvectors of x and b whose components lie in ${\alpha}$. For a sign non-singular matrix A, let $A_l,\;...,A_{\kappa}$ be the fully indecomposable components of A and let ${\alpha}_i$ denote the set of row numbers of $A_r,\;r=1,\;...,\;k$. We also show that if $A_x=b$ is a partial sign-solvable linear system, then, for $r=1,\;...,\;k$, if one of the components of xor is a fixed zero solution of Ax=b, then so are all the components of x_{{\alpha}r}$.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.381-392
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• 2020

Despite that the failure of sign structure may not have disastrous consequence, its sheer number still ensures the need for rigorous safety standard to regulate their maintenance and construction. During its service life, a sign structure is subject to extensive wind load, sometimes well over its permissible design load. A fragility analysis of a sign structure offers a tool for rational decision making and safety evaluation by using a probabilistic framework to consider the various sources of uncertainty that affect its performance. Wind fragility analysis was used to determine the performance of sign structure based on the performance of its connection components. In this study, basic wind fragility concepts and data required to support the fragility analysis of the sign structure such as sign panel's parameters, connection component's parameters, as well as wind load parameters were presented. Fragility and compound fragility analysis showed disparity between connection component. Additionally, reinforcement of the connection system was introduced as an example of the utilization of wind fragility results in the retrofit decision making.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2010

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major pathogen that frequently causes serious infections in children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. S. pneumoniae is known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and S. pneumoniae-produced ROS is considered to play a role in pneumococci pathogenesis. SIGN-R1 is the principal receptor of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of S. pneumoniae. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge about the protective role of SIGN-R1 against S. pneumoniae-produced ROS in SIGN-$R1^+$ macrophages. While investigating the protective role of SIGN-R1 against ROS, we found that SIGN-R1 intimately bound to peroxiredoxin-1 (Prx-1), one of small antioxidant proteins in vitro and in vivo. This interaction was increased with ROS generation which was produced by stimulating SIGN-R1 with dextran, a polysaccharide ligand of SIGN-R1. Also, SIGN-R1 crosslinking with 22D1 anti-SIGN-R1 antibody increased Prx-1 in vitro or in vivo. These results suggested that SIGN-R1 stimulation with CPSs of S. pneumoniae increase the expression level of Prx-1 through ROS and its subsequent interaction to SIGN-R1, providing an important antioxidant role for the host protection against S. pneumoniae.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.543-556
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine possible improvements of operation of sign language interpreter qualification system through looking into specific perceptions of sign language interpreters and Deaf sign language interpreters in the field and Deaf people who use interpretation service on current sign language interpreter qualification system through focus group interview. As a result of the thematic analysis, three high-level categories were derived for each group, and as a result of recombining them, 'change to a qualification system in which sign language interpreting competency and expertise can be recognized' and 'improvement to a qualification system based on Korean Sign Language and Deaf culture' been sorted out. Based on the above research results, 'establishment of a permanent institution in charge of management and operation of sign language interpreter qualification tests', 'reorganization into a qualification system that reflects the professionalism, level and experience of sign language interpreters', 'all test questions and exam procedures are conducted mainly in sign language', 'a system in which the Deaf take the lead', and 'enactment of a code of ethics for sign language interpreters and Deaf interpreters' were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.128-129
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.672-676
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• 2021