• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active and passive postural perturbation on ankle dorsiflexor responses in stroke patients. The subjects consisted of 13 stroke patients. Using wireless electromyography, the patients' ankle dorsiflexor muscle responses were measured under the following conditions: active dorsiflexion (AD), active perturbation (AP), and passive perturbation (PP). Tibialis anterior muscle activity increased most significantly during PP of the affected side ($118.64{\pm}56.28$). The most significant increase for the non-affected side was in AD ($72.64{\pm}24.56$). Tibialis anterior muscle activity was compared under each condition. The affected side showed significant differences between PP and AD and between PP and AP (p<.05). The non-affected side showed not significant differences between each condition. The ratios of tibialis anterior muscle activity under AP to that under AD were 1.00 on the affected side and .75 on the non-affected side and the difference was not significant (p>.05). The ratios of tibialis anterior muscle activity under PP to that under AD were 3.30 on the affected side and 1.14 on the non-affected side and the difference was significant (p<.05). Passive perturbation improved tibialis anterior muscle activity on the affected side, and training based on this approach may have the potential to improve the ankle dorsiflexion of people with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2001

Objective : It has been thought that estrogen has neuroleptic like effect in women schizophrenic patients. This study aimed to investigate neuroleptic side-effects severity in women with schizophrenia and to investigate their putative association with variations in sex steroids over menstrual cycle. Based on the estrogen theory, The author hypothesized that parkinsonian side-effects would be exacerbated when estrogen levels were high. Method : 26 schizophrenic women were assessed using the ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale) and estrogen analysis. Tests were conducted twice, in the mid luteal and mid follicular phase. Result : It was hypothesized that high level of estrogen would lead to an exacerbation of parkinsonian side-effects but the results indicated that parkinsonian side effects decreased overall when estrogen levels were high. This effects were more marked for the group taking typical neuroleptics than those taking atypical neuroleptics. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that estrogen and progesteron may reduce the severity of neuroleptic induced extrapyramidal side effects over menstrual cycle in women with schizophrenia. It was concluded that estrogen has different effects on dopamine dynamics in the mesolimbic and mesostriatal pathways according to estrogen, progesteron, catecol estrogen, prolactine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.191-198
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• 1998

In this study, the effects of water vapor in inlet air, spark advance and fuel type in the spark ignition engine were investigated through the experiments of combustion and flame arriving pattern analysis using ionization probe. The results of flame propagation experiment using ionization probe show that the flame which ignited from spark plug located at the center of the combustion chamber propagated faster in exhaust side than in intake side due to the mixture flow motion inducted into combustion chamber from intake tumble port at all conditions. And as the partial vapor pressure increased, the flame propagation became slower in all direction. Especially effects were greater for intake side than the exhaust side.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.74-87
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• 2018

Many people who wear skinny jeans have expressed satisfaction or concern regarding the side effects of wearing the garments, based on specific demographic characteristics. For this study, we disseminated 373 copies of a questionnaire. Study subjects were eighteen-to fifty-nine-year-old man and women Linear regression was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics included the ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test. Corresponding results in terms of difference analysis overall were significant when based on gender, marital status, age, occupation and the average score of satisfaction. The values were approximately three points. The qualitative results of difference analysis for side effects in wearing skinny jeans according to demographic characteristics were identified as the experience of displeasure by pressure. There was a significant difference according to gender. Leg edema was also observed based on gender, marital status, age, occupation and the experience of poor circulation of blood. The factor that has the greatest influence on satisfaction on wearing skinny jeans was sitting long hours.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1997

Background : Epidural morphine provides excellent postoperative analgesia but is often associated with side effects such as nausea, vomiting and pruritus. It has been reported that mixed agonist-antagonist, nalbuphine can reverse side effects of epidural morphine without compromising analgesia. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of each intravenous dose of nalbuphine for treatment of side effects following epidural morphine. Methods : All patients received continuous infusion(2 ml/hr) of epidural morphine-local anesthetics mixture(morphine 4 mg, 1% mepivacaine 50 ml and 0.25% bupivacaine 50 ml) following a loading dose (morphine 2 mg with 1% mepivacaine 7 ml). Patients requesting treatment for nausea, vomiting and pruritus randomly received intravenous nalbuphine 0.05 mg/kg(Group 1; n=20), 0.1 mg/kg(Group 2; n=20) or 0.15 mg/kg(Group 3; n=20). The severity of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, degree of pain, sedation and vital sign were assessed prior to and 30 min after each dose. Results : The severity of nausea, vomiting and pruritus decreased significantly in all groups(p<0.01). Pain and sedation scores were unchanged in all groups. One patient received nalbuphine 0.15 mg/kg, complained of dizziness, agitation and palpitation. His blood pressure who had increased to 170/100 after first dose. Conclusions : This study suggests that intravenous nalbuphine is good for treatment of side effects following epidural morphine, and the dose of Group 1, 0.05 mg/kg, may be recommended as an optimal dose.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

Recently, increased caffeine intake has led to an increase in caffeine addiction and withdrawal symptoms. Coffee is surreptitiously consumed in as an additive to milk and caramel. There are few studies on how coffee affects the health of modern people. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and side effects of coffee by awareness of coffee consumption patterns among college students, who are the principal consumers. A survey was conducted from May 11 to 17, 2015 and 302 questionnaires were analyzed. The respondents were 140 men (46.4%) and 162 women (53.6%). In terms of coffee additives, 151 (50.0%) respondents chose 'americano' and 111 (36.8%) 'variation'. The frequency of coffee intake and sleep time for college students was negatively correlated, with the correlation coefficient of -0.145 and significance probability of 0.019. The group that was 'positively' aware of the principal ingredients of coffee had a higher level of academic training than those with 'negative' awareness (p=0.000). Women recognized a larger number of side effects than men: 1.99 and 1.36, respectively, on average (p=0.001). 'Time for consumption' had statistically significant effects on the side effects of coffee consumption: consumption before/after lunch, before/after supper and before going to bed led to 0.4 times (p=0.048) and 0.3 times (p=0.023) more side effects, respectively, than consuming coffee after getting up and before/ after breakfast. Excessive caffeine intake through coffee led to limited sleep time and poorer learning concentration. The guidelines for proper coffee consumption should be created to help students consume coffee properly so that it will not affect sleep, learning concentration or adversely affect health.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Side effects of drugs mean harmful and unintended effects resulting from drugs used to prevent, diagnose, or treat diseases. These side effects can lead to patients' death and are the main causes of drug developmental failures. Thus, various methods have been tried to identify side effects. These can be divided into biological and systems biology approaches. In this study, we use systems biology approach and focus on using various phenotypic information in addition to the chemical structure and target proteins. First, we collect datasets that are used in this study, and calculate similarities individually. Second, we generate a set of features using the similarities for each drug-side effect pair. Finally, we confirm the results by AUC(Area Under the ROC Curve), and showed the significance of this study through a comparison experiment.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of our study was to investigate association of norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2) polymorphism and side effects of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS MPH) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : We recruited drug naive children with ADHD (N=97). We administered OROS MPH by tolerable dosage. At week 8 of treatment, parents completed the Barkley's side effect rating scale. We analyzed two SLC6A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs192303 and rs3785143, with blood of subjects. We compared the frequency and severity of each side effect among SLC6A2 genotypes of 2 SNPs. Results : In the analysis of frequency of each side effect, irritability differed according to rs192303 and rs3785143 genotype. In comparisons of severity, talking less and disinterest differed according to rs192303 genotype. In the case of rs3785143, severities of disinterest and irritability were involved with genotype. Conclusion : Side effects of OROS MPH showed an association with SLC6A2 genotype.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1278-1287
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the effects of herbal medicine Jayeumganghwa-tang on reducing the major side effects of doxorubicin and carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods: The clinical outcomes for a 61-year-old patient treated with Jayeumganghwa-tang for the side effects of doxorubicin and carboplatin combination were recorded by self-evaluation. Results: In the treatment of adverse events caused by chemotherapy, the administration of Jayeumganghwa-tang showed a tendency to reduce their incidence and severity. Conclusions: This study suggests that Jayeumganghwa-tang may be a promising treatment for reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer.