• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Using the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper investigates the effect of sibling size on children's educational attainment. OLS estimation results show a negative relationship between the number of children and their educational attainment, which confirms the trade-off between child quantity and quality. However, estimation results using the first child's sex as an instrument for sibling size, show no evidence of a quantity-quality trade-off. Our findings suggest that the adverse effect of a larger sibling size on per-child investment in education can be mitigated by other factors such as peer effect.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.1 s.85
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• pp.59-75
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• 2007

This review synthesizes research during the past 15 years on the family relations of older persons. After discussing two background issues-sociodemographic changes of later life families and the status of the elderly-the following topics are addressed; relationships between aged parents and adult children, couple relationships, grandparents' relationship with their grandchildren and sibling relationships. Family relationships are vital support systems providing emotional and instrumental support in the lives of older persons. Mutual assistance and affection among family members were found to be common characteristics. Although research on family gerontology has increased in quantify, there are feater needs to develop qualitative, longitudinal and theory grounded studies to capture the rich complexity of family life. Other challenges and suggestions for future research on older persons' family relationship are presented.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.129-129
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.197-205
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• 2024

SNOMED CT is the most widely used comprehensive clinical terminology system worldwide. However, due to the vastness of the terminology and the continuous growth of medical knowledge, the system involve quality issues such as structural inaccuracies and inconsistencies, including missing concepts or relationships and hierarchical errors. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the consistency of the system by detecting potentially missing concepts by utilizing attributes linked to concepts. The proposed method analyzes the characteristics of the attribute relationships of concepts, extracts sibling concepts that share the same characteristics, and then evaluates whether the parent concepts reflect these characteristics to detect potentially missing concepts. By applying this method to the March 2023 SNOMED CT international release, we identified 564 instances where parent concepts did not reflect the common attributes of their sibling concepts, and a total of 384 potentially missing concepts were detected, including cases involving multiple parent concepts.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-88
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• 2023

This case study examined whether a cooperative musical instrument playing could enhance interactions between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their neurotypical (NT) siblings. It involved three children with ASD aged 7-12 years and three NT siblings aged 6-11 years. Each group, comprising a child with ASD and their NT sibling, participated in a 40-minute sessions twice weekly for eight sessions over four weeks. The intervention included three stages: simultaneous action, complementary action, and achieving a joint goal. Evaluation criteria included the initiation and response behaviors of each child, and sequential interactive behaviors and cooperative behaviors between pairs were measured. Additionally, before and after the intervention, parents and NT sibling assessed their perceived sibling relationships. Results showed increased interactive and cooperative behaviors. Post-intervention, both parents and NT siblings rated the sibling relationship highly, despite little change in sibling conflict and competition consciousness. These findings indicate that interactive instrument playing can enhance perceptions of siblings as cooperative play partners and aid in teaching them how to collaborate during interactions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 1996

This study examined the relationship between kindergarten children's maternal attachment and their social competence. A total of 76 kindergarteners and their mothers were observed and videotaped in a strange situation. The modified ISCS(Iowa Social Competency Scales: Preschool Form) was administered to 76 mothers to assess their children's social competence. The data were analyzed by percentiles, Pearson's correlations, and t-test. The results showed a significant correlations between children's social competence and attachment to their mothers. Significant sex and sibling status differences in attachment were found. Social competence differed by demographic variables of sex, sibling status, and level of father's education.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self-differentiation, family function and mental health among adolescents. Methods: The data were collected from 967 adolescents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. Results: Mental health differed according to grades, sibling position, father's education and mother's education. Self-differentiation and family function had a significant negative correlation with mental health. Multiple regression analysis showed recognition.emotional function, emotional cutoff and family projection as influencing self-differentiation. Grades, affective responsiveness in family function, and sibling position explained 20.8% of the total variance in mental health. Conclusion: The findings show that self-differentiation and family function influence mental health, indicating a need to develop nursing intervention programs to enhance adolescents' mental health and prevent negative outcomes. For these programs, the family must be included.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to investigate the children's prosocial behavior as related to (1) their perception of parental warmth, control and the relationship of this perception to parent's job status and educational level (2) their siblings (3) children's sex. The subjects were 220 third grade children selected from four elementary schools in Seoul. The instruments were a perception of parental warmth and control scale and a peer rating prosocial behavior scale. Frequencies, percentiles, mean, Pearson's correlation, t-test oneway ANOVA, and Scheffe test were used for data analysis. The major findings are as follows; 1. There were significant relationships between parental warmth, control, and children' s prosocial behavior. The children who perceived more parental warmth and control were rated more prosocial by their peers. 2. Children whose parent's were above college graduates and white collar jobs perceived more parental warmth and control. 3. Children's prosocial behavior were significantly different according ti sibling number, birth-order, and sibling structure. 4. Girls were rated more prosocial than boys.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.33-49
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• 2006

Background & Objectives: This study was designed to examine relationships between smoking behavior and smoking attitudes among 6th-grade students in Korea in order to provide knowledge on school-based programs for preventing adolescent smoking behaviors. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 464 students attending three public elementary schools in O city from June 13 to June 16, 2006. The total sample size is 458 (response rate = 98.7%). Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and multiple regression. Results: First, smoking behavior was significantly influenced by the factors of gender, self-concept, family structure, sibling smoking, school achievement, relationship with teachers, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Theprevalence of ever-smoking was 12.7% among 6th grade students in this study. Students were most likely to initiate smoking in the 5thgrade with curiosity and smoke at their own home. Second, students showed negative attitude toward smoking overall. From the detailed section, students respondednegatively about smoking in public places while they thought that adult smoking with moderate level was okay. Student who showed positive attitudes toward smoking in the present study were significantly related to the factors of self-concept, family environment, parental and sibling smoking status, school achievement, satisfaction with school life, and smoking friends. Third, Students who had tried cigarette smoking were likely to report less negative attitudes toward tobacco than non-smoking students. Fourth, this study found that smoking friends were the most significant predictor of positives smoking attitudes. Other factors significantlyassociated with smoking attitudes were gender, relationship with friends, self-concept, relationship with teachers, paternal smoking status. Conclusions: The study results suggest that smoking prevention programs focus on resisting peer influence and need to be community-incorporated and/or comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.415-423
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• 2018

In recent years, Computer-based learning, such as machine learning and deep learning in the computer field, is attracting attention. They start learning from the lowest level and propagate the result to the highest level to calculate the final result. Research literature has shown that systematic learning and growth can yield good results. However, systematic models based on systematic models are hard to find, compared to various and extensive research attempts. To this end, this paper proposes the first TNT(Transitive Nested Triangle)model, which is a growth and fusion model that can be used in various aspects. This model can be said to be a recursive model in which each function formed through geometric forms an organic hierarchical relationship, and the result is used again as they grow and converge to the top. That is, it is an analytical method called 'Horizontal Sibling Merges and Upward Convergence'. This model is applicable to various aspects. In this study, we focus on explaining the TNT model.