• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.881-894
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• 2015

The silver generation have clothing style of optimal daily life comparing than young generation because they do not participate a specific sport event but daily- life exercise. As the human body ages, the figure of the silver generation shows different body shape because upper body changes to curved figure including the belly and waist part. Therefore, clothing characteristics for the silver generation should be considered with proper function, design and textiles to optimize body movement. This study investigated various exercise types according to motion analysis of the silver generation in order to develop the design of the active T-shirts reflecting the structural properties and providing the optimum exercise circumstance. The results to consider design needs are as followed; As the T-shirts design for the flexible exercise which required frequent movement of upper body such as bending and waist twisting during body stretching, a stretch fabric applied to the waist part considering T-shirts allowance and length to make extreme elongation and support for well-fitting appearance of the T-shirts. As the T-shirts design for the instantaneous reactionary exercise, high elastic four-way stretch fabric is applied to the part of arm hole to optimize skeletal and muscle movement for entire body and arm work. As the T-shirts design for the endurance exercise such as climbing, cycling, and walking, the shoulder line of the back part has cutting line allowance to make optimum movement of the upper body but no change of the waist part.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.447-461
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a torso pattern that is highly representative for the proper body shape of women in their thirties. Size data of the women with age of 30 through 39 from the database of Size Korea 2004 were used for the study. In order to develop a master pattern which will be used as the benchmark for grading of research group, 4 existing torso block drafting methods were compared based on the data gathered and the block with the highest evaluation score was utilized as a reference point. For the analysis, data was divided into four types, only the data of 138 subjects which were evaluated at least by four or more experts as valid were used for the study. The major results can be summarized as follow. The women of bust girth of 91cm and height of 160cm which was turned out to be representative type of research group were used as standard measurement for the purpose of reflecting not only curve length of the 3D analysis measurement but also the difference between front and back thickness to the pattern. Dart locations were set based on front and back torso ease, shoulder area revisions, front sagging length 1.5cm and cross section crevice length analysis. According to the experts' appearance evaluation of the pattern was found to be better than the control pattern which was regarded as the best among 4 patterns created based on existing torso block drafting methods.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.727-743
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• 2018

In this study, we used the 3D simulation program to create bodice patterns for adolescents boy students and analyze the fitting and air gap through 3D simulation. The purpose of this study was to select the bodice pattern method that best suited the body shapes of the adolescents male students. The subjects of this study were the French E pattern, Japanese N pattern, and Korean industrial L and J patterns. The applied size was the sixth Korean human body size survey data of 2010 Korea. The age range of the subjects was 13-18 years. DC Suite Program Ver. 5.1 was used, and SPSS 23.0 program was used for data analysis. As a result of comparing the shapes of the bodice patterns in the 3D simulation program, the E pattern had two waist darts on the front and one shoulder dart and one waist dart on the back, and the J and L patterns only had one dart on the back. The N pattern had no darts on either the front or back. As a result of examining the appearance evaluation of the pattern, air gap, color distribution, and clothing cross-section, the E pattern was evaluated as the closest to the body, and the N pattern was evaluated as the pattern with the largest allowance. The J pattern was evaluated as the best fit for body shape of the male adolescents. However, it is necessary to develop a pattern system by adding extra ease in setting the center front length.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2001

Osteological characteristics of skull, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, vertebrae, and pterygiophore of the four members of the genus Acanthogobius are described and compared. Characteristics of the metaterygoid, branchiostegals, urohyal, scapular, and pterygiophores that have been used to classify gobioid fishes were not different between the four species. However, ossification of the lacrymal and the number of ossified gill rakers differ from one Acanthogobius species to another. A. flavimanus is distinguished from its congeners in the size of the medial ethmoid, the number of caudal vertebrae, and the distance from left to right lateral ethmoid. A. lactipes has a large basihyal, and A. luridus has a wide distance from left to right lateral ethmoid: these are among the unique characters that distinguish them from other members of the genus. A. elongata differs notably from its congeners in the number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, the shape of the epural, and the length of the cranium.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 1998

The characteristics of cranium, vertebral column and fin supports of Acanthorhodeus gracilis were examined. The fish did not have a fontanell in cranium nor process of supraethmoid. It had double orbitosphenoids and a basioccipital process developed from anterior portion of basioccipital. It had a high and triangular dorsal process on supraoccipital. In the urohyal, hypohyal attachment was bifurcated and horizontal and vertical plate were in an elongated rhombus shape with posterior edge pointed. It had teeth of 1-rowed, 5/5 and 4 free teeth. The fish did not have a coracoid foramen on shoulder girdle. It does not have a uroneural on ural centrum. It had a long and slender posterior process of pelvic bone. It had a large and flat supraneural. The fish had 14 or 15 interneural spines, of which the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th had single basiosts and the rest had double basiosts. It had 11 or 12 interhemal spines, of which the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th had single basiosts and the rest had double basiosts.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.381-387
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• 2018

PURPOSE. Cement-retained implant prostheses can lack proper retrievability during repair, and residual cement can cause peri-implantitis. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of abutment height and convergence angle on the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with lingual slots, known as retrievable cement-type slots (RCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We fabricated six types of titanium abutments (10 of each type) with two different heights (4 mm and 6 mm), three different convergence angles ($8^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, and $12^{\circ}$), a sloped shoulder margin (0.6 mm depth), a rectangular shape ($6mm{\times}6.5mm$) with rounded edges, and a rectangular ledge ($2mm{\times}1mm$) for the RCS. One monolithic zirconia crown was fabricated for each abutment using a dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. The abutments and crowns were permanently cemented together with dual-curing resin cement, followed by 24 hours in demineralized water at room temperature. Using a custom-made device with a slot driver and torque gauge, we recorded the torque ($N{\cdot}cm$) required to remove the crowns. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Removal torques significantly decreased as convergence angles increased. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant interaction between the abutment height and the convergence angle (Durbin-Watson ratio: 2.186). CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we suggest that the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with RCS can be maintained by adjusting the abutment height and convergence angle, even when they are permanently cemented together.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2000

For efficient operation, vital hand controls must be easily controlled by the operator from his or her normal working position. The primary working area based on the operator-perceived working comfort was developed to serve as a design guideline to the control panel layout. Six male and four female subjects voluntarily participated in the experiment in which working comfort was measured for two types of controls - knob and lever. The operator-perceived working comfort was examined for the frontal and sagittal distances from the body center and the slope of a work surface. The response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to develop a prediction model for operator's working comfort on each type of controls. The proposed working areas based on the actual working comfort of an operator avoided the dichotomy that considers only the reachability of control devices, and showed a distinct shape, when compared to the existing normal working areas following the Farley's concept. It was shown that the distance from the body to control devices and the slope of a work surface have a quadratic relationship to the working comfort, and that the most comfortable area for seated tasks is located at the distance of about 2∼4 cm in the sagittal direction and about 42∼43 cm in the frontal direction from the shoulder, respectively. It was also found that the working comfort varies within the working area even at the positions with an equal distance from the body. It is expected that the isocomfort working area generated in the study will be used as a useful guideline for control panel layout.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.551-557
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• 2013

In intelligent robot research, hand gesture recognition has been an important issue. And techniques that recognize simple gestures are commercialized in smart phone, smart TV for swiping screen or volume control. For gesture recognition, robust hand detection is important and necessary but it is challenging because hand shape is complex and hard to be detected in cluttered background, variant illumination. In this paper, we propose efficient hand detection algorithm for detecting pointing hand for recognition of place where user pointed. To minimize false detections, ROIs are generated within the compact search region using skin color detection result. The ROIs are verified by HOG-SVM and pointing direction is computed by both detection results of head-shoulder and hand. In experiment, it is shown that proposed method shows good performance for hand detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2009

Recently, the quality and design of the children's wear is being improved remarkably. Following the trend, the need for the research on the pattern making of children's wear is growing. At first, we tried to find out how the industry is doing the pattern making job through interview. Results are as follows. The target age ranges from 5 to 11 years old. For the sample size of pattern making, 7 years of age is preferred. It is not usual to develop the design pattern from the bodice block pattern. Instead, they use middle block pattern for each item, such as blouse, shirt, pants, skirt or jacket. Starting from these middle block pattern, they prepare individual designs. With the results, the aim of the research became to develop one of most frequently used middle block pattern. The blouse block pattern was selected for that purpose. To look into the existing patterns, we selected 4 methods, i.e. NM-method, T-method, O-method, E-methods. Theses patterns were compared through wearing test for the evaluation of comfort and fit using trial garments. The results indicated the NM-method was best among them. Specially waist line position, shoulder shape and size allowance was adequate. Alteration and adjustment of pattern draft was made onto the NM-method. Allowances for the bust circumference, across chest, across back and depth of arm was adjusted for better comfort as well as fine fit. Sidelines of the bodice and the underarm seam of the sleeves were curved for styling. After another wearing test, the final pattern was suggested as a blouse block pattern for 7 years old girl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure changes in spine inclination and thoracolumbar structure and morphology according to upper-extremity movements with and without resistance in order to evaluate the spine stability in workers. METHODS: Forty-eight middle-aged male workers (mean age, 40.48 ± 6.27 years) participated in this study. Using the spine analysis system, changes in the inclination of the spine and structure as well as shape of the thoracolumbar spine were measured. For posture measurement, the postures of standing, lifting the right and left arms (shoulder joint 90° flexion), and lifting with both arms were measured in random order. In addition, variables were measured using a resistance of 3 kg for each posture. The statistical significance level was set at α = .05 for all variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the front and back inclinations of the spine, kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine, lordotic curve of the lumbar spine, rotation changes in the thoracolumbar spine, and rotation changes in the T4 vertebra (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the left and right tilts of the spine. In the post-hoc analysis, rotation changes in the T4 vertebra showed a significant difference in posture when resistance was applied to the left and right sides CONCLUSION: Causes of musculoskeletal diseases include excessive thoracic spine rotation, torsion, and hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the working environment in order to ensure a healthy posture and prevent musculoskeletal diseases that can reduce the ability to carry various and/or excessive loads.