• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.785-794
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• 1998

We have made a survey of 40 patients in the university hospitals and oriental medical centers in Seoul from Sep. 1, 1997 to Mar. 1, 1998. We sampled 25 of them and the result shows that there were 12 MCA damaged patients(48%), 5 SAH(20%), 5 ACA(20%), 2 PCA (8%), 1 PCOA(4%). The number of MCA patients were the most. 1. As the cause of each disease, 4 of the 12 MCA damaged patients(33.35%) have infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, 2 of 5 SAH patients(40%) have cerebral hemorrhage and head injury, 3 ACA damaged patients have cerebral hemorrhage. 11 of 25 brain bloodvessel damaged patients(44%) were hemorrhage patients. 2. Rt. hemiparesis was the main symptom of 6 of 12 MCA damaged patients(50%) and 3 of 5 SAH patients(60%), and the main symptom of 3 of 5 ACA patients(60%) was Lt. hemiparesis. The main symptom of 13 of 25 brain bloodvessel damaged patients(52%) was Lt. hemiparesis 11 of them(44%) Rt. hemiparesis, and 1 of them(8.3%) Quadriplegia. 3. Language was the most well preserved function. 12 MCA damaged patients could understand language. 4. Retraction of shoulder girdle, among VIE flexor synergy, was the most frequent element because 9 of 12 MCA damaged patients had it. Among VIE flexor synergy, 5 SAH patient's most frequent synergy was Elbow flexion because all of them had it. All of 5 ACA damaged patients have shoulder girdle elevation, shoulder joint, hyperextension, abduction, and external rotation among VIE flexor synergy. 5. 7 of 12 MCA damaged patients(58.3%) were stereognosis handicapped patients, 3 of 5 SAH patients(60%) have handicap of position sense, light touch, and temperature, 3 of 5 ACA patients(60%) have position handicap. 13 of brain bloodvessel damaged patients(52%) have light touch handicap. 6. 8 of MCA damaged patients(66.7%) have facial palsy, 4 of SAH damaged patients(80%) have memory and action decline, and 3 of ACA damaged patients(60%) have action decline and facial palsy. The problem of Hemiplegia is very extensive from muscle weakness, atrophy, or deformation to psychical problems. Therefore physical therapists should have sufficient interest in psychological handicap as well as physical handicap as they deal with adult hemiplegia.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and safety of the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures by analyzing the surgical outcomes. Methods: Twenty-three patients who could be followed-up for at least 8 months after the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures through the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach were enrolled. We evaluated the reduction of the fractures and surgery-related complications at the last follow-up using X-ray results and clinical outcomes comprising the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system and the Korean Shoulder Society (KSS) score. Results: At the last follow-up of patients treated using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach for internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures, we found 22 cases (95.6%) of bone union, a mean UCLA score of 28.3 (range, 15 to 34) and a mean KSS score of 82.1 (range, 67 to 95). Various surgery-related complications were noted; a case of varus malunion after fracture displacement, a case of nonunion, a case of delayed union, two cases of impingement, and a case of partial axillary nerve injury, which recovered completely through the follow-up. Conclusions: Plate fixation using the anterosuperior deltoid splitting approach could be another reliable option for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

Purpose: To Analyze the exit site of pin inserted at the anterior glenoid rim in the reconstruction of the Bankart lesion and SLAP lesion using transglenoid suture technique. Materials and Methods: In the twenty adult right cadeveric scapula, insertions of pin were performed using guide at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock of glenoid rim. We measured the exit site of dorsal surface of the scapula by medial distance from sagittal plane of lateral border of scapular spine and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine. Results: When the pin was inserted caudally within 10 degree, at the position of 1, 2, 3 O'clock, the medial distance from lateral border of the scapula is averaged 29.4, 19.2, 34.0 mm respectively and the vertical distance from posterior border of the scapular spine is averaged 15.0, 18.6, 17.2 mm respectively. When the pin was inserted caudally within 20-30 degree, the medial distance is averaged 14.6, 14.2, 15.8 mm respectively and the vertical distance is averaged 31.6, 31.9, 32.1 mm respectively. Conclusion: When the pin was inserted caudally within ten degrees using the guide, the pin exit appeared at the more medial side of the base of scapular spine and the more inferior of scapular spine. This can make the firm suture tied over scapular spine during repair SLAP and the Bankart lesion, and also prevent the injury of suprascapular nerve.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the muscle activity of shoulder stabilization according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus position and is to prevent or treat a shoulder injury by the most effective exercise for rehabilitation. Methods : This study analyzed the muscle activity according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus movement. The participants without neuromuscular disease were 25 students - 12 males and 13 females - all twenty or over and the surface electrode of EMG attached on pectoralis major, triceps long head, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi. The process has practiced 3 sessions of supporting base interval - narrowing interval, two shoulder interval, broad interval - by push-up bend and push-up plus movement. Result : 1. The muscle activity of pectoralis major was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up plus movement and was significant difference(p<.05). 2. The muscle activity of biceps was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 3. The muscle activity of middle or lower trapezius was a difference according to change of supporting base on push-up bend and push-up plus movement but was not significant difference. 4. The muscle activity of serratus anterior was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 5. The muscle activity of latissimus dorsi was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). Conclusion : These results lead us to the conclusion that push-up bend exercise have the effect of muscle strength of biceps on narrowing interval, of serratus anterior or latissimus dorsi on broad interval and push-up plus exercise have the effect of muscle strength of pectoralis major on narrowing interval of support base.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2009

Purpose: We wanted to assess the radiological and clinical results and the prognostic factors after an operation for capitellar fractures associated with/without other injury around the elbow. Materials and Methods: Among the 25 patients (mean age: 49 years-old) who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for capitellar fractures, there were nineteen type 1 fractures and six type 3 fractures. The mean follow up period was 14.8 months. We assessed the factors affecting the radiological and functional results, such as the fracture pattern, the patient age and the surgical approaches. Results: In 24 of 25 patients, bony union was achieved at postoperative 1 year. There were eighteen excellent, four good, two fair and one poor functional results according to the Broberg and Morrey elbow score. The most common type was type 1 and the most common associated injury was lateral condylar fracture. The patients with type 1 fracture rather than the patients with type 3 fracture and the patients who had an extraarticular associated fracture rather than an intraarticular associated fracture had better clinical outcomes. Conclusion: 22 (88%) of the patients were satisfied at the result. The type of capitellar fracture and an associated intraarticular elbow fracture were shown to be important prognostic factors in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.5 s.95
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• pp.131-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical characteristic by directly measuring the wheelchair using disabled women and to classify Body Type of a disabled person. The subjects were 103 disabled women of wheelchair used women and between 20 - 55 years of age The result of this study is as follow. 1. There was a remarkable difference in the physical characteristic of wheelchair using disabled women due to their cause of disability. The cause of disability was classified into the 4 groups; Poliomyelitis, Spiral Cord Injury, Muscular Dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy. 2. The result came out to be 4 factors by the factor analysis on the data of an anthropometric measurement to the wheelchair using disabled women and also cluster analyzing the factor scores, the experiment was concluded to 4 types. Type 1 came out to be a short height with the shortest legs. Type 2 was body shape which had a corpulent upper body and wide shoulder but with short and slim lower body. Type 3 has the shortest height, weak and lean upper body, small shoulders Type 4 has the largest stature and legs 3. A comparison of anthropometric measurements of wheelchair using disabled women with National Anthropometric Survey Korea(1997) was significant difference

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of a muscle activity by applying the complex exercise method of sling in accordance with the provision of various vibration intensities for paraplegia-spinal cord injury. Method: The subjects of the study were 15 men in their 40s and 50s with lower limb disabilities and low potential risk, who were randomly divided into a sling exercise group (SG n=4), a sling with low frequency vibration group (SLVG n=4), a sling with mid-frequency vibration group (SMVG n=4), and a sling with high frequency group (SHVG n=4) in accordance with the provision of slings and vibration stimuli. The vibratory intensity provided was divided into low frequency (30 Hz), mid-frequency (50 Hz), and high frequency (70 Hz). The anterior deltoid (AD), the posterior deltoid (PD), the pectoralis major (PM), the upper trapezius (UT), the latissimus dorsi (LD), and the multifidus (MF) were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity. Results: The closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise to the shoulder joint showed higher muscle activity in most muscles for the SMVG, and statistically significant differences in the anterior deltoid (AD), the pectoralis major (PM), and the multifidus (MF) in particular. Conclusion: The intermediate frequency (50 Hz) string vibration was the effective vibration stimuli for Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a pertinent information and research trends of biomechanics in wheelchair propulsion. Biomechanical studies for wheelchair propulsion mainly focus on the most suitable propulsion performance and methods for preventing upper extremity injuries. Recent issues have concentrated on wheelchair propulsion style and cycle mainly because of the high prevalence of repetitive strain injuries in the upper extremely such as shoulder impingement and carpel tunnel syndrome. Optimizing wheelchair propulsion performances as well as medical reflections are presented throughout the review. Information on the underlying musculoskeletal mechanisms of wheelchair propulsion has been introduced through a combination of data collection under experimental conditions and a more fundamental mathematical modelling approach. Through a synchronized analysis of the movement pattern and muscular activity pattern, insight has been gained in the wheelchair propulsion dynamics of people with a different level of disability (various level of physical activity and functional potential). Through mathematical modelling simulation, and optimization (minimizing injury and maximizing performance), underlying musculoskeletal mechanisms during Wheelchair propulsion is investigated.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes and the prognosis of various surgical treatments for the distal clavicle fracture with an acromioclavicular joint injury. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 21 patients with a minimum of 12 months follow up was done. We classified acromioclavicular (AC) injury into type I (only intra-articular fracture (IAF), 5 cases), type II (IAF with widening of the AC joint > 7 mm, 9 cases) and type III (IAF with AC joint superior subluxation > 50%, 7 cases). The distal clavicle fractures were fixed using plate (9 cases), mini screws (1 case), K wire and tension band wiring (10 cases) and transarticular pinning (1 case). Acromioclavicular or coracoacromial ligament reconstruction was not done in all the cases. Results: In 20 of 21 cases, bone union was achieved at an average of 8.4 weeks. Traumatic arthritis (5 cases), AC joint widening (4 cases) and AC joint subluxation (2 cases) were noted at the last follow up. The average UCLA score was 32.6 in the type I AC joint injuries, 34 in type II and 34.1 in type III. There was no relationship between the clinical outcomes and the preoperative AC joint injury pattern, postoperative traumatic arthritis, AC joint widening or AC joint subluxation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Satisfactory results were achieved by acute reduction and firm fixation of the distal clavicle fracture with AC joint injury. There was no relationship between the pattern of AC joint injury, the residual radiologic findings and the functional outcome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurence properties of the complications in spinal cord injured patients. Clinical observation were for 116 cases in and out wards, were carried out during one year from july, 1990 to June, 1991 at 4 general hospitals in Taegu, Korea. The results of this study is summarized as follows : 1. Among the 116 cases, $67.7\%$ was male and $35.3\%$ was female. The largest groups were noted in $60.7\%$, of the forties by age, in $34.5\%$ of the middle school by educational career, in $27.6\%$ of the administer by professional division. 2. The number of complications in a patient in the largest group was two-type. The next groups were three-type, $23.3\%$ and five-type, $20.7\%$. Of each factors, the largest numbers of two-type recorded tuberculosis of spine$(71.4\%)$, thoracic cord injury$(63.4\%)$, incomplete paraplegia$(48.4\%)$, and inwards during 1-2 months $(47.4\%)$. 3. Total number of the complications were counted to 367 cases. The largest group of complications was pain, $24.8\%$. The next groups were pressure sores, $19.9\%$. spasticity, $12.5\%$, and urinary tract infection, $9.3\%$. 4. The number of the 4 major complications(pain, pressure sores, joint contracture, spasticity) was counted to 280 cases. The largest group of the major complications was pain, $32.5\%$. The next groups were pressure sores, $26.1\%$, joint contracture, $25.9\%$ and spasticity, $16.4\%$. Of each factors, the largest numbers of the pain recorded female$(40.5\%)$, thirties$(49.2\%)$, non-educate $(53.8\%)$, labor$(38.2\%)$, traffic accidents$(32.8\%)$, thoracic cord injury$(34.4\%)$, complete paraplegia$(58.1\%)$, and inwards during above 13 months$(37.5\%)$. 5. The largest group of the pain portion was shoulder. $49.4\%$. The non groups were lower extremity, $25.2\%$, hip, $11.0\%$, and all bodies, $4.3\%$. The largest numbers of the shoulder pain recorded thirties$(59.4\%)$, traffic accidents $(52.7\%)$, cervical cord injury$(67.2\%)$. complete quadriplegia$(81.8\%)$, and inwards during above 13 months$(100.0\%)$. 6. The largest group of the pressure sores sites was sacral portion, $83.6\%$. The next groups were hip, $6.8\%$, maleollus, $4.1\%$. The largest numbers of pressure sores formation in the sacral portion recorded below 19 and above $60(100.0\%)$, falling objects$(100.0\%)$, lumbar cord injury$(100.0\%)$, incomplete paraplegia$(100.0\%)$, and in wards during 3-4 months$(95.9\%)$. 7. The largest group of the joint contracture portion was lower extremity, $61.4\%$, follows was upper extremity, $38.6\%$. The largest numbers of the joint contrcture portions recorded thirties$(100.0\%)$, traffic accidents$(86.1\%)$, cervical cord injury$(80.4\%)$, complete quadriplegia$(86.7\%)$, and inwards during 3-4 months $(82.2\%)$ 8. The largest group of spasticity portion was lower extremity, $53.0\%$. The next groups were hip. 23.9, 23.9, ankle, $8.7\%$, and elbow, $4.3\%$. The largest numbers of the spasticity portions recorded above $60(100.0\%)$, falling $(100.0\%)$, cervical cord injury$(71.4\%)$, incomplete quadriplegia$(71.4\%)$, and inwards during 1-2 months $(100.0\%)$.