• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2010

본원에서는 비심장 수술환자의 수술 전후 심장사건의 위험도 평가를 위해 심근관류 SPECT를 시행하고 있다. 암환자의 경우 수술 전에 전신 뼈 검사 혹은 전신 PET 검사로 암 전이 여부 확인 후 심근관류 SPECT를 시행하여 불필요한 검사 처방을 막고 있다. 하지만 단기 병동 입원 환자의 경우 재원 일수를 줄이고자 전신 뼈 검사 후 최소 16시간의 간격을 두고 $^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT를 시행하는 경우가 있지만 아직까지 서로 다른 동위원소 투여로 인한 crosstalk contamination의 영향에 대한 평가가 제대로 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 anthropomorphic torso phantom을 이용한 실험과 실제 환자 데이터를 이용하여 이에 대한 유효성 검정을 시행하고자 한다. 2009년 8월부터 9월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 $^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT를 시행한 87명의 환자를 대상으로 연구 분석하였다. $^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT 시행 전날 전신 뼈 스캔 시행 여부에 따라 환자를 분류하였고 $^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT 촬영 시 이중 에너지 창을 이용하여 영상을 획득하였다. 획득한 영상에서 $^{201}Tl$ 창과 $^{99m}Tc$ 창에서 계수된 카운트의 비율을 전날 전신 뼈 검사의 시행 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 실험에는 anthropomorphic torso phantom을 사용하였으며 심근($^{201}Tl$)과 심근 이외의 부분($^{99m}Tc$)에 각각 14.8 MBq, 44.4 MBq를 투여 하였다. 영상획득은 시간 간격을 두고 게이트 법 적용 없이 $^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT를 시행하여 얻었고 Xeleris ver 2.0551를 이용하여 공간 분해능을 측정 분석하였다. 수집한 환자 데이터에서 $^{201}Tl$ 창과 $^{99m}Tc$ 창에서 계수된 카운트 비율 비교 결과 전날 전신 뼈 스캔을 시행한 경우 Bone tracer 주입 후 12시간에서 24시간까지의 비율이 Ventri에서는 1:0.411 에서 1:0.114, Infinia에서는 1:0.249에서 1:0.079로 지수함수적으로 감소하며 시간 경과에 따라 유의한 차이(Ventri p=0.0001, Infinia p=0.0001)를 나타내었다. 또한 전신 뼈 스캔을 시행하지 않은 경우의 비율은 Ventri에서 평균 1:$0.067{\pm}0.006$, Infinia에서 1:$0.063{\pm}0.007$로 나타났다. Phantom 실험 후 공간 분해능 측정 결과는 $^{99m}Tc$의 첨가 여부와 시간 경과에 따라서 FWHM의 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다 (p=0.134). Anthropomorphic torso phantom을 이용한 실험과 환자 데이터 분석을 통해 bone tracer 주입 16시간 이 후에 시행된$^{201}Tl$ 심근관류 SPECT 영상은 $^{99m}Tc$에 의해 공간 분해능에 유의한 영향을 받지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 이는 영상의 질적 평가만 이루어진 것으로 환자의 피폭과 검사의 정밀도 및 정확도에 관한 연구가 추가로 필요한 실정이다. 추후 서로 다른 동위원소 사용에 따른 crosstalk contamination의 영향에 대한 정확하고 표준화된 유효성 검정으로 검사 간격에 대한 정확한 가이드라인 제시가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.190-200
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• 1996

연구배경 : 장기간 진행된 심한 만성 기도 폐쇄질환 환자에서 합병된 급성 호흡부전의 치료로 기관삽관과 기계호흡이 필요한 경우가 있다. 그러나 기계호흡을 거부하거나 기계호흡의 이탈이 불가능할 것으로 예측되는 환자에서 기관삽관과 기계호흡을 대신할 수 있는 환기법이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 최근 수면 무호흡질환 환자의 치료로 개발되었던 지속적 기도 양압 치료가 급성 혹은 만성 호흡부전의 치료로 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 급성 호흡부전이 합병된 만성 기도 폐쇄환자에서 비강 마스크를 통한 BiPAP 치료를 실시하여 그 효과를 평가하였다. 방법 : 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 내과에 내원한 만성 기도 폐쇄환자 22명을 대상으로 하여, BiPAP 치료군으로 10명의 만성 폐쇄성 폐질 환자와 1명의 기관지 천식환자에게는 대증적 치료 및 BiPAP 치료를 동시에 실시하였고, 대조군으로 11명의 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환자에게는 대증적 치료만 시행하였다. 대증적 치료는 산소 요법, 아미노필린, 부신피질 호르몬 흡입, 베타 agonist 등의 약물을 투여하였고 BiPAP 치료시 mode는 spontaneous timed, 호흡 빈도는 분당 12회에서 20회, IPAP는 $6cmH_2O$에서 $8cmH_2O$, EPAP는 $3cmH_2O$에서 $4cmH_2O$로 설정하였고 사용 기간은 3일간이었다. 치료 효과는 호흡 빈도, modified Borg scale 및 동맥혈 가스소견으로 비교하였다. 결과 : BiPAP 치료군과 대조군 사이에 나이, 치료 시작전 호흡 빈도 동맥혈 가스소견, modified Borg scale 그리고 안정 상태에서 시행한 환기 기능검사 소견은 양군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 호흡빈도와 modified Borg scale은 BiPAP 치료군과 대조군에서 시간의 경과에 따라 모두 유의하게 호전되었으나 두군간의 차이는 없었다. 동맥혈 산소 BiPAP 치료군과 대조군에서 다 같이 치료전에 비해 치료 1일 및 3일후에는 시간에 경과에 따라 호전되었으나 BiPAP 치료군에서는 치료 1일후와 치료 3일후의 소견에도 뚜렷한 호전이 있었던 반면에 대조군에서는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. BiPAP치료군에서는 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압은 치료전과 비교하여 치료 1일후 및 3일후에는 각각 유의하게 감소되었으나 대조군에서는 유의한 감소가 없었다. pH는 BiPAP 치료군에서 치료전과 비교하여 3일후에 의의있게 증가하였으나 대조군에서는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 대조군과 BiPAP치료군의 치료 전후의 평균 동맥혈가스 차이로 두 군간의 비교에서도 동맥혈 산소분압은 치료 3일째, 동맥혈 이산화탄소 분압은 치료 1일째와 3일째, pH는 치료 3일째에 각각 의미있는 (p<0.05) 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 중증 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 급성 호흡부전이 발생시 BiPAP 치료는 호흡곤란과 동맥혈 호흡성 가스 소견을 향상시킬 수 있는 보조적인 환기법이 될 수 있겠으며 기관 삽관에 의한 인공호흡을 대신할 수도 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

동계기온의 지속적인 상승에도 불구하고 낙엽과수의 동해발생빈도는 줄지 않고 있지만, 동해 경감을 위해 필수적인 사전경보시스템에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 급격한 기후변화에 적응하지 못하는 기존의 '최저기온 의존 동해경보시스템'을 보완하기 위해 생물계절이론에 근거한 휴면심도를 동해위험도 판정의 추가기준으로 제시한다. 평년 기온자료와 생물계절모형에 근거한 휴면심도의 경시변화양상은 낙엽과수의 교과서적인 내동성 변화추세와 일치하였다. 개별 연도의 기온자료에 의해 추정된 휴면심도는 연차 변이가 현저하였으며 동일 연도 내 지역간 변이도 확인할 수 있었다. 전북 김제시 백구면 Campbell Early 주산지 10개 포도원을 대상으로 소기후모형과 인근 기상관서 기후자료에 의해 연도별 최저기온을 복원하고, 최저기온 발생일의 휴면심도를 생물계절모형으로 추정하였으며, 동해정도를 조사하였다. 최저기온휴면심도 피해율 사이의 관계를 분석하여 동해위험도 판정식을 작성하고, 이를 근거로 경북 영천, 충북 옥천, 충남 아산, 경기 화성 등 4개 포도 주산지 시군에 대해 1971-2000 평년의 동해위험지도를 30 m 공간해상도로 제작하였다. 화성지역의 경우 1996년의 동해사례에 의해 동해위험지도의 신뢰성을 부분적으로 검증할 수 있었다. 월동기간 중 실측기온자료에 의해 임의날짜의 휴면심도를 추정하고, 기상청 예보기온을 소기후모형에 의해 30m해상도의 국지기온 예상분포도로 변환한 다음, 내일 아침의 동해가능성을 동해위험도 판정식에 의해 판정할 수 있는 실시간 동해경보시스템을 설계하였다. 이 시스템의 실제 운영을 위해 필요한 프로그램을 작성하고 하드웨어를 갖추어 기상청 국가농업기상센터에 이전, 설치하였다. 산출되는 최저기온 및 동해위험정보는 표준지리정보로 가공되어 기상청 농업 기상정보서비스를 통해 시범적으로 제공될 예정이다.되지 않았으며 상처에 의하여서도 전혀 반응을 하지 않았다. 고에서는 이와 같은 비상통신과 관련하여 수행하고 있는 국외 비상통신 관련표준화 현황 및 해외 주요국가 별 구축 동향에 대해서 기술한다.급식성과는 급식경험 기간과 음(-)의 상관관계를, 아침식사횟수와는 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였으며, 서비스 품질의 특성 영역은 각 영역들에 대한 급식성과 점수가 높을수록 다른 영역의 급식성과 점수가 높은 유의적인(p <0.01) 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 균형된 영양공급이 다른 어느 시기보다 더 중요한 우리의 청소년들의 학교급식에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해서 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 먼저, 학교급식에 대한 식단 작성 시 학생들이 학교에서 제공되기 원하는 식단에 대한 의견을 받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들에게 이상적인 아침식사에 대한 교육은 물론이고 아침식사를 실천할 수 있도록 다양한 방안에 대해 함께 연구해야 하겠다. 정부차원에서 학교급식에 아침식사 프로그램을 도입할 수 있는 방안을 연구하고, 아침을 결식하는 학생이 학교에서 수업시작 하기 전에 간단한 식사를 할 수 있는 정책 도입이 필요하다acid의 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)하였는데 periodate의 소비량(消費量)은

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1998

유휴 논 토양을 이용하여 reed canarygrass를 재배하였을 때, 건물 수량에 미치는 무기태 질소의 단기 시용효과를 조사하여 건물 생산효융이 높은 경제적 시비수준파 척정 예취빈도를 추정하려고 하였다. 1. 모든 예취빈도에서 1993년의 건물 수량이 다른 재배년도보다 유의하게 많았다. 즉, 3회 예취구에서 는 시비수준 평균 14.40 ton $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서는 13.88 ton $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서는 15.98 ton $ha^{-1}$을 나타내었다. 2. 시비수준별 평균 건물 수량은 3회와 4회 예취구의 120 kg $ha^{-1}\;cut^{-1}$ 수준에서 각각 15.37 ton $ha^{-1}$과 15.80 ton $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 90~120 kg $ha^{-1}\;cut^{-1}$ 수준에서 14.02~14.08 ton $ha^{-1}$을 나타내어 다른 시비수준보다 유의하게 많았다. 3. 건물 생산효율은 3회 예취구의 90 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 29.7 kg, 4회 예취구의 240 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 19.6 kg, 5회 예취구의 150 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 수준에서 20.1 kg으로 가장 높았다. 4. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 평균 건물수량은 3회 예취구에서 2번초가 5.02 ton $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구의 2번초와 3번초가 3.94~4.37 ton $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구의 2번초와 3번초가 3.81~3.58 ton $ha^{-1}$으로 다른 예취번초의 건물 수량보다 유의하게 많았다. 5. 상대수량은 3회 예취구의 2번초가 40.40%, 4회 예취구의 3번초가 34.9%, 5회 예취구의 2번초가 3 31.5%로 가장 높았다. 6. 재배년도 평균 경제적 시비수준은 3회 예취구에서 228.5~291.9 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$의 범위에서 13.8~14.7 t ton $ha^{-1}$의 한계수량을, 4회 예취구에서는 293.5~335.7 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$의 범위에서 3.8~14.2 ton $ha^{-1}$의 한계수량을, 5회 예취구에서는 237.5-302.5 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$의 범위에서 12.2~12.8 ton $ha^{-1}$의 한계수량을 얻을 수 있었다. 7. 한계시비 수준은 3회 예취구에서 558.9 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 531.4 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 546.3 kg $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ 이었으며, 이 때 얻어지는 최대 건물수량은 각각 18.4 ton, 12.7 ton, 10.6 ton $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. 8. 예취빈도별 예취번초의 경제적 시비수준은 3회 예취구에서 42.6~123.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, 4회 예취구에서 2 27.3~144.1 kg $ha^{-1}$, 5회 예취구에서 9.3~159.4 kg $ha^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내었다. 9. 유휴 논 토양에서 무기태 질소를 단기간 시비하여 reed canarygrass의 건물수량을 얻기 위해서는 예취빈도는 연간 3회로 하고, 시비수준은 300 kg $ha^{-1}$ 미만으로 하는 것이 유리하다고 생각된다.

• 대한시과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2018

목적 : 대한민국 비정시 군인의 안경 청구 및 보급체계를 분석하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국군에서 제공되는 비정시 군인용 안경의 청구 및 보급체계를 조사하고 분석하였다. 비정시 군인 37명을 대상으로 평소 착용하는 일반안경의 굴절력을 기준으로 보급된 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착안경의 굴절력과 교정시력을 측정하였다. 원거리 교정시력이 1.0 이하인 대상에게 완전교정을 실시하고 교정시력의 변화를 비교하였다. 현 청구 및 보급에 따른 문제점의 개선방안을 제시하고 시력관리 전문 인력의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 결과 : 비정시 군인에게 보급되는 안경은 입대할 때 착용한 안경의 굴절력과 동일하게 복제되었다. 37명의 비정시 군인에게 보급된 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경의 등가구면굴절력은 각각 $-3.47{\pm}1.69D$, $-3.52{\pm}1.66D$ 및 $-3.55{\pm}1.63D$였으며 완전교정 등가구면굴절력은 $-3.79{\pm}1.66D$로 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경에 의한 원거리 고대비 및 저대비 교정시력(logMAR)은 각각 $0.06{\pm}0.80$, $0.21{\pm}0.82$, $0.15{\pm}0.74$, $0.34{\pm}0.89$ 및 $0.10{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.27$이었으며, 완전교정 후에는 각각 $0.02{\pm}1.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.07$, $0.09{\pm}0.92$, $0.26{\pm}0.10$ 및 $0.04{\pm}1.00$, $0.19{\pm}1.00$으로 증가하였다. 일반안경과 방독면 안경의 저대비 시력을 제외하고 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 안경의 청구, 제작 및 보급은 각각 5 단계로 구성되며, 최초 청구로부터 보급까지 약 2주 이상 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 비정시 군인의 안경 보급체계는 1) 굴절검사 체계의 결여, 2) 청구부터 보급까지 소요시간이 길고, 3) 보급 안경의 굴절력이 정확하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위해 단기적으로 관리 인력의 굴절력 측정에 대한 전문지식의 교육이 필요하고, 장기적으로 안경처방 표준체계의 도입과 시력관리 전문 인력의 확보가 필요할 것이다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.219-240
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• 2018

감성사전은 감성 어휘에 대한 사전으로 감성 분석(Sentiment Analysis)을 위한 기초 자료로 활용된다. 이와 같은 감성사전을 구성하는 감성 어휘는 특정 도메인에 따라 감성의 종류나 정도가 달라질 수 있다. 예를 들면, '슬프다'라는 감성 어휘는 일반적으로 부정의 의미를 나타내지만 영화 도메인에 적용되었을 경우 부정의 의미를 나타내지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에 정확한 감성 분석을 수행하기 위해서는 특정 도메인에 알맞은 감성사전을 구축하는 것이 중요하다. 최근 특정 도메인에 알맞은 감성사전을 구축하기 위해 범용 감성 사전인 오픈한글, SentiWordNet 등을 활용한 연구가 진행되어 왔으나 오픈한글은 현재 서비스가 종료되어 활용이 불가능하며, SentiWordNet은 번역 간에 한국 감성 어휘들의 특징이 잘 반영되지 않는다는 문제점으로 인해 특정 도메인의 감성사전 구축을 위한 기초 자료로써 제약이 존재한다. 이 논문에서는 기존의 범용 감성사전의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 한국어 기반의 새로운 범용 감성사전을 구축하고 이를 KNU 한국어 감성사전이라 명명한다. KNU 한국어 감성사전은 표준국어대사전의 뜻풀이의 감성을 Bi-LSTM을 활용하여 89.45%의 정확도로 분류하였으며 긍정으로 분류된 뜻풀이에서는 긍정에 대한 감성 어휘를, 부정으로 분류된 뜻풀이에서는 부정에 대한 감성 어휘를 1-gram, 2-gram, 어구 그리고 문형 등 다양한 형태로 추출한다. 또한 다양한 외부 소스(SentiWordNet, SenticNet, 감정동사, 감성사전0603)를 활용하여 감성 어휘를 확장하였으며 온라인 텍스트 데이터에서 사용되는 신조어, 이모티콘에 대한 감성 어휘도 포함하고 있다. 이 논문에서 구축한 KNU 한국어 감성사전은 특정 도메인에 영향을 받지 않는 14,843개의 감성 어휘로 구성되어 있으며 특정 도메인에 대한 감성사전을 효율적이고 빠르게 구축하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 또한 딥러닝의 성능을 높이기 위한 입력 자질로써 활용될 수 있으며, 기본적인 감성 분석의 수행이나 기계 학습을 위한 대량의 학습 데이터 세트를 빠르게 구축에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.347-366
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• 2023

본 연구는 단기소득임산물 중 산림임업통계자료에 의한 생산량과 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세인 약용수 (꾸지뽕나무, 마가목, 헛개나무) 자생지를 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 군락을 구분하여 식생 구조를 파악하고 Ordination CCA에 의한 군락구조와 환경요인의 상관관계를 분석하여 산채류 재배지 환경조성에 필요한 생태학적 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 2021~2022년에 수행되었다. 우리나라 꾸지뽕나무 자생지는 주로 남부지역에 분포하고 5개 지역, 11개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였고, 마가목 자생지는 주로 고산지역에 분포하고 3개 지역, 8개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였으며, 헛개나무 자생지는 중부 계곡부에 분포하고 5개 지역, 17개 조사구를 대상으로 조사하였다. 각 분류군의 중요치를 살펴보면, 꾸지뽕나무군락에서 나타난 중요치는 꾸지뽕나무가 61.10으로 가장 높았고 다음으로 팽나무, 곰솔, 새덕이, 때죽나무, 소사나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무 등의 순으로 나타났고, 마가목군락에서는 신갈나무가 57.21로 가장 높았고 다음으로 마가목 42.58, 사스래나무, 피나무, 당단풍나무, 시닥나무, 층층나무, 함박꽃나무, 주목 등의 순으로 나타났으며, 헛개나무군락에서는 헛개나무가 64.58로 가장 높았고 다음으로 느티나무, 층층나무, 고로쇠나무, 졸참나무, 까치박달, 가래나무 등의 순으로 나타났다. 중요치가 높은 주요 분류군에 대한 흉고직경급을 분석한 결과 꾸지뽕나무군락에서는 꾸지뽕나무, 팽나무, 새덕이 및 소사나무는 어린 개체의 밀도를 높게 나타내고 있어 당분간은 이들 수종의 우점 상태가 계속 증가 될 것으로 보인다. 마가목군락에서 마가목은 역 J자형을 하고 있어 우점 상태가 계속 증가할 것으로 보이며, 신갈나무, 사스래나무 및 피나무는 정규분포형의 밀도를 나타내고 있어 당분간은 이들 수종의 우점 상태가 계속될 것으로 판단된다. 헛개나무군락에서는 까치박달과 가래나무는 역 J자형을 하고 있어 우점 상태가 계속 증가할 것으로 보이며, 헛개나무, 느티나무, 층층나무 및 고로쇠나무는 각 층에서 전체적으로 개체의 밀도가 높아 계속적으로 높은 우점도를 유지할 것으로 예상된다. TWINSPAN에 의해 분류된 3분류군의 30개 군락과 11개의 환경 요인으로 CCA ordination 결과, 해발고가 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였고, 꾸지뽕나무군락은 pH, C.E.C, Ca²⁺ 및 Mg²⁺ 는 가장 높고, 해발고는 낮고 남동사면과 남서사면의 경사는 완만하였으며, P₂O₅는 높은 지역과 낮은 지역에 골고루 분포하였다. 마가목군락은 해발고는 높고, 북사면의 경사는 다소 급하고, O.M과 T-N은 가장 많으나, 그 외 양료들은 적으며, pH는 낮게 나타났다. 헛개나무군락은 북동사면과 북서사면에서 해발고와 경사는 중간 지역이고, P₂O₅는 높게 나타났다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.247-269
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• 2007

현대에 있어 동질적인 품질과 편익을 제공하는 제품을 가지고 다수의 기업들이 시장점유율 증대와 고객확보를 위하여 치열한 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 가운데 가격할인은 기업이 즐겨 사용하는 촉진수단이다. 가격할인은 단기적 매출향상, 소비자의 브랜드전환, 신제품의 시장침투 등의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 사용된다. 실제로 과거의 실증연구에 의하면 다양한 형태의 가격할인이 판매증대에 효과적이며 가격할인은 소비자의 지각가치를 증가시킨다고 하였다. 하지만 할인된 가격은 제품의 품질을 의심하게 하거나 낮게 평가하는 부정적인 효과가 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 모든 제품카테고리와 모든 구매상황에 대하여 가격할인이 소비자의 지각가치를 향상시킨다고 볼 수 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 브랜드애호도의 차이가 있는 제품을 대상으로 가격할인율에 따라 소비자의 지각가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 연구함으로서 브랜드애호도의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 브랜드애호도가 강한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 증가할 것으로 예측하였으나 분석결과 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 브랜드애호도가 강한 경우에는 가격할인에 의한 지각희생의 감소량이 크지 않았고 브랜드 자체에 대한 신뢰도와 속성에 대한 만족도가 높기 때문에 가격인하가 브랜드선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 반면 브랜드애호도가 약한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 브랜드애호도가 약한 경우에는 제품으로부터 획득하게 되는 편익에 대한 만족도와 신뢰도가 낮은데 이러한 특성을 고려해보면 가격할인이 클 때에 제품의 품질과 편익을 더욱 평가절하하거나 심리적으로 지각희생의 크기가 증가됨에 따라 지각가치가 감소되었음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.