• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.609-612
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• 2008

마그네시아 인산염 시멘트를 사용한 보수용 모르타르의 접착강도 특성을 검토하기 위하여 모의 부재 시험체를 이용한 실험을 실시하였다. 접착강도 실험 결과 칩핑 처리를 한 시험체가 표면 처리를 한 시험체 보다 우수한 강도발현을 하였으며, 건식처리가 습식처리보다 우수한 강도발현을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 칩핑 건식 시험체의 경우 온도에 관계없이 재령 28일의 접착강도는 3.0MPa 이상의 높은 강도를 발현을 하는 것으로 나타나 일반 모르타르의 접착강도와 비교 시 매우 높은 접착성능으로써 우수한 접착성능이 요구되는 보수재료로서의 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1972

Inertia friction welding, a relatively recent innovation in the art of joining materials, is a forge-welding process that releases kinetic energy stored in the flywheel as frictional heat when two parts are rubbed together under the right conditions. In a comparatively short time, the process has become a reliable method for joining ferrous, and dissimilar metals. The process is based on thrusting one part, attached to a flywheel and rotating at a relatively high speed, against a stationary part. The contacting surfaces, heated to plastic temperatures, are forged together to produce a reliable, high-strength weld. Welds are made with little or no workpiece preparation and without filler metal or fluxes. However, In order to obtain a good weld, the determination of the optimum weld parameters is an important problem. Especially, because the amount of the flywheel mass will be determined according to the initial rotating velocity values at the constant thrust load, the initial rotating velocity is an important factor to affect a weld character of the inertia-welded IN713C-SAE8630, which is used for the wheel-shafts of turbine rotors or turbochargers, exhausting valves, etc. In this paper, the effects of initial rotational velocity on a weld character of inertia-welded IN713C-SAE8630 was studied through considerations of weld parameters determination, micro-structural observations and tensile tests. The results are as the following: 1) As initial rotating velocity was reduced to 267 FPM, cracks and carbide stringers were completely eliminated in the micro-structure of welded zone. 2) As initial rotating velocity was reduced and flywheel mass was increased correspondingly, the maximum welding temperatures were decreased and the plastic working in the weld zone was increased. 3) As initial rotating velocity was progressively decreased and carbides were decreased, the tensile strengths were increased. 4) And also the fracture location moved out of the weld zone and the tensile tests produced, the failures only in the cast superalloy IN713C which do not extend into the weld area. 5) The proper initial rotating velocity could be determined as about 250 thru 350 FPM for the better weld character.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2009

Titanium dioxide thin films were fabricated as hydrogen sensors and its sensing properties were tested. The titanium was deposited on a $SiO_2$/Si substrate by the DC magnetron sputtering method and was oxidized at an optimized temperature of $850^{\circ}C$ in air. The titanium film originally had smooth surface morphology, but the film agglomerated to nano-size grains when the temperature reached oxidation temperature where it formed titanium oxide with a rutile structure. The oxide thin film formed by grains of tens of nanometers size also showed many short cracks and voids between the grains. The response to 1% hydrogen gas was ${\sim}2{\times}10^6$ at the optimum sensing temperature of $200^{\circ}C$, and ${\sim}10^3$ at room temperature. This extremely high sensitivity of the thin film to hydrogen was due partly to the porous structure of the nano-sized sensing particles. Other sensor properties were also examined.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2018

The seeds of Elaeocarpus serratus, a tropical underutilized fruit tree are characterized by hard seed coat and consequent poor water uptake and low germination. To improve the regeneration through seeds, various parameters such as viability of seeds, water uptake, and effect of seed mass on germination and pretreatments were performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). Tetrazolium (TZ) test was conducted using fresh, mature seeds revealed $50{\pm}2.56%$ mean viability. Seeds of different weight classes showed similar pattern of water uptake and the saturation level was achieved at 60 hrs of soaking. Seeds belong to weight class 2.6-3.5g were germinated ($12.5{\pm}1.26%$) with $175{\pm}1.75days$ (d) of mean time taken for germination (MTG). Germination capacity of seeds varied significantly among different populations and Varkala population gave $12.5{\pm}1.1%$ germination with $174.6{\pm}2.5d$ MTG. Among various seed treatments, mechanical scarification was superior in germination and significant reduction in MTG ($p{\leq}0.05$). The mechanical scarification by complete removal of seed coat resulted in $49.2{\pm}1.52%$ germination within a short period of time ($9.52{\pm}0.89d$ MTG). However, the complete removal of seed coat without damaging to embryo is a difficult task. An alternate treatment (Mechanical scarification II) by making cracks on nut faces vertically followed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hrs gave $48.4{\pm}1.73%$ germination with significantly reduced MTG ($12.14{\pm}0.56d$) over unsoaked, untreated control ($6.5{\pm}1.84%$ germination and $197.18{\pm}1.79d$ MTG; $p{\leq}0.05$). This treatment (Mechanical scarification II) is therefore recommended for E. serratus seeds as it can adopt easily and can achieve 7 fold increases in germination over control. The recorded germination through mechanical scarification is in tune with realized viability percentage of the seeds.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

강섬유 습식Shotcrete는 굳지 않은 콘크리트를 노즐로부터 소정의 위치에 부착시키는 콘크리트를 시공함으로서 원지반 자체의 전단강도를 증가시켜 품질을 향상시키고 터널의 안정화를 도모한다. 강섬유 습식Shotcrete는 인장 저항능력을 증대시킴으로써 국부적인 균열의 생성 성장을 억제하는 콘크리트의 강도와 역학적 거동 특성을 개선 및 보강한다. 또한, 강섬유 습식Shotcrete는 불연속의 짧은 강섬유를 콘크리트 속에 균등하게 분산시켜 인장강도, 휨강도, 균열에 대한 저항성 등을 개선한 Shotcrete이다. 이 연구에서는 NATM 터널의 숏크리트에 대한 압축강도 시험과 휨강도 시험을 실시하고 숏크리트타설 압력을 900 RPM, 1,000 RPM, 1,100 RPM으로 변화시켜 리바운드 감소율을 측정하였다. 따라서 국내 NATM 터널공사에 적용할 수 있는 자료를 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권6호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2022

The safety problems of giant hydraulic structures such as dams caused by terrorist attacks, earthquakes, and wars often have an important impact on a country's economy and people's livelihood. For the national defense department, timely and effective assessment of damage to or impending damage to dams and other structures is an important issue related to the safety of people's lives and property. In the field of damage assessment and vulnerability analysis, it is usually necessary to give the damage assessment results within a few minutes to determine the physical damage (crack length, crater size, etc.) and functional damage (decreased power generation capacity, dam stability descent, etc.), so that other defense and security departments can take corresponding measures to control potential other hazards. Although traditional numerical calculation methods can accurately calculate the crack length and crater size under certain combat conditions, it usually takes a long time and is not suitable for rapid damage assessment. In order to solve similar problems, this article combines simulation calculation methods with machine learning technology interdisciplinary. First, the common concrete gravity dam shape was selected as the simulation calculation object, and XFEM (Extended Finite Element Method) was used to simulate and calculate 19 cracks with different initial positions. Then, an LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) machine learning model was established. 15 crack paths were selected as the training set and others were set for test. At last, the LSTM model was trained by the training set, and the prediction results on the crack path were compared with the test set. The results show that this method can be used to predict the crack propagation path rapidly and accurately. In general, this article explores the application of machine learning related technologies in the field of mechanics. It has broad application prospects in the fields of damage assessment and vulnerability analysis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.745-760
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• 2021

Dynamic buckling of structure is one of the failure modes that needs to be considered since it may result in catastrophic failure of the structure in a short period of time. For a thin fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plate under compression, buckling is an inherent hazard which will be intensified by the existence of defects like holes, cracks, and delamination. On the other hand, the growth of the delamination is another prime concern for thin FRP plates. In the current paper, reinforcing the plates against buckling is realized by using SMA wires in the form of stitches. A numerical framework is proposed to simulate the dynamic instability emphasizing the effect of the SMA stitches in suppressing delamination growth. The suggested algorithm is more accurate than the other methods when considering the transformation point of the SMA wires and the modeling of the cohesive zone using simple and yet reliable technique. The computational design of the method by producing the line by line orders leads to a simple algorithm for simulating the super-elastic behavior. The Lagoudas constitutive model of the SMA material is implemented in the form of user material subroutines (VUMAT). The normal bilinear spring model is used to reproduce the cohesive zone behavior. The nonlinear finite element formulation is programmed into FORTRAN using the Newmark-beta numerical time-integration approach. The obtained results are compared with the results obtained by the finite element method using ABAQUS/Explicit solver. The obtained results by the proposed algorithm and those by ABAQUS are in good agreement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2024

Influenced by the alternating effects of dynamic and static pressure during the mining process of close range coal seams, the surrounding rock support of cross mining roadway is difficult and the deformation mechanism is complex, which has become an important problem affecting the safe and efficient production of coal mines. The paper takes the inclined longwall mining of the 10304 working face of Zhongheng coal mine as the engineering background, analyzes the key strata fracture mechanism of the large inclined right-angle trapezoidal mining field, explores the stress distribution characteristics and transmission law of the surrounding rock of the roadway affected by the mining of the inclined coal seam, and proposes a segmented and hierarchical support method for the cross mining roadway affected by the mining of the close range coal seam group. The research results indicate that based on the derived expressions for shear and tensile fracture of key strata, the ultimate pushing distance and ultimate suspended area of a right angle trapezoidal mining area can be calculated and obtained. Within the cross mining section, along the horizontal direction of the coal wall of the working face, the peak shear stress is located near the middle of the boundary. The cracks on the floor of the cross mining roadway gradually develop in an elliptical funnel shape from the shallow to the deep. The dual coupling support system composed of active anchor rod support and passive U-shaped steel shed support proposed in this article achieves effective control of the stability of cross mining roadways, which achieves effective control of floor by coupling active support and preventive passive support to improve the strength of the surrounding rock itself. The research results are of great significance for guiding the layout, support control, and safe mining of cross mining roadways, and to some extent, can further enrich and improve the relevant theories of roof movement and control.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2011

이질 보강근의 조합 및 섬유의 혼입을 변수로 한 10개의 고강도 콘크리트 보를 제작하고 구조 실험을 수행하고 균열 후 강성, 처짐, 균열 양상, 연성에 대한 거동을 살펴보았다. 6개 부재는 철근, CFRP 보강근, GFRP 보강근의 조합으로 2단 휨 배근되었고, 4개 부재는 CFRP 보강근 혹은 GFRP 보강근으로만 2단 배근되고 강섬유 및 합성 섬유를 혼입하였다. FRP 보강근 내측에 철근을 처짐 및 균열 제어용으로 하이브리드 배근함으로써 FRP 보강근 보강 보의 낮은 강성, 큰 처짐, 낮은 연성, 깊은 균열 및 넓은 균열폭을 제어할 수 있었다. 또한, 섬유의 혼입을 통해 FRP 보강근 보강 보의 빠르고 깊은 균열이 제어되고 연성 및 내하력이 향상되었다. 섬유 혼입된 FRP 보강근 보강 콘크리트 부재 설계 시 섬유 혼입에 의해 증가된 콘크리트의 극한 압축 변형률에 대한 고려가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.397-428
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• 2019

판타지는 합리적 현실의 균열과 틈새에서 출현한다. 이탈로 칼비노는 "판타지는 독자가 텍스트에 빠져들지 않고 일정한 거리를 유지할 때 가능한 것"이라고 말한다. 판타지는 현실과 가장 먼 곳에서 형성되는 것이 아니라, 현실과 허구 사이의 혼동에서 오는 것이다. 요컨대, 판타지는 사실성의 대척점에 존재하는 것이 아니라, 사실성의 경계에 존재한다고 봐야 할 것이다. 리얼리티와 판타지는 구조적으로 얽혀 있기도 하다. 어디까지가 현실이고, 어디부터가 판타지인지 명확하지 않은 경우이다. 사실, 이 경우에 독자나 관객은 내가 보고 있는 것이 현실인지 아닌지 혼란에 빠진다. 토도로프는 바로 이러한 경우를 '망설임'이라 표현하는데, 그에 따르면 이 망설임이 판타지의 핵심 요소이다. 이것이 잘 구현된 텍스트로 김영하의 단편소설 <흡혈귀>(1997), 웨스 앤더슨 감독의 영화 <그랜드부다페스트 호텔>(2014) 두 편을 살펴볼 수 있다. 겉으로만 보면, 전혀 상관이 없을 것 같은 이 두 텍스트는 서사 구조적인 유사성을 띠고 있다. 그리고 독자와 관객을 사실과 판타지의 경계에서 혼란을 겪게 하면서, 흥미를 유발하는 공통적 특성을 갖고 있다. 김영하의 <흡혈귀>에서는 하나의 텍스트가 독자에게 전달되면서 판타지와 리얼리티 사이의 혼란을 반복적으로 경험하는, 일종의 '서사적 감염'이 일어나는 과정을 살펴볼 수 있다. 영화 <그랜드부다페스트 호텔>에서는 비현실적인 스토리를 역사 속의 사실인 것처럼 느끼게 만들려는 전략과 더불어, 소외 계층의 인물의 성공담이 현실화되기 위한 전제 조건으로서의 '연대'의 의미가 판타지를 통해 부각되고 있다. 이 논문은 이 두 텍스트를 통해, 판타지가 어떻게 '리얼리티'를 만들어 내고, 독자에게 판타지를 느끼게 만들며, 어떻게 그것을 확산시키는가에 대한 연구이다.