• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.449-463
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions and entering status of small business online fashion retailers on portal shopping and fashion shopping malls. Case studies were conducted on a total of 10 research samples. The results were as follows: first, regarding the strategic factors of online fashion stores, 'price competitiveness' is important, especially in portal shopping and low-cost brands; 'product assortment' is important but not essential in all platforms; and 'differentiation' is important to continuously secure loyal customers in fashion shopping malls. Customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty, and customer loyalty affects the sales conversion rate and brand growth of online sales channels. Factors that promoted sales activities in online sales channels were exposure, advertisements, SNS, events, special exhibitions, and events. Hindrance factors were low price competition, overheated competition, and the MD of sales channels. Second, the research samples used multiple online sales channels, including portal shopping malls and fashion shopping malls, in addition to their own malls. The selection factors were platform reputation and commission, branding, and customer inflow through exposure. Portal shopping malls were perceived as providing easy access, advertising/customer communication, exposure/search, price competitiveness, scalability, and intense competition, whereas fashion shopping malls were perceived as providing a brand image and concept, brand promotion, high commissions, difficult entry, and low profits. The factors for success in portal shopping malls were exposure/search, price competitiveness, and brand recognition, whereas the factors for success in fashion shopping malls were differentiation, brand, exposure/advertisement, product assortment, and MD.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.119-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the product display type on the consumers' purchase intention, attitude toward store, and revisit intention in the various mobile shopping situations. To test the hypothesis, between-subjects experiment with 3 mobile shopping situations (outdoor place, public transportation, commercial facilities) by 3 product display types (search, category, product) was conducted, and analyzed with ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). The result of the experiment shows there are no main effects of the mobile shopping situations and the product display types, but the interaction effects of the product display type and the mobile shopping situation on the purchase intention and the revisit intention are statistically significant. However the attitude toward the store is not affected by the treatments. Experiment results suggest that the positive consumer responses in terms of the purchase and revisit intention can be achieved when the product display is matched with the situation in the mobile shopping setting. Controlling consumers' evaluation on the product information and their experience of online shopping, we can take these effect as the results of match-up between the product display type and the situational factors surrounding mobile shopping. The result provides strong support for the location-based service in mobile shopping. Most of the mobile device can utilize the consumers' location which can be easily interpreted as the situational factors. With regard of the level of the external stimulation, the shopping service providers can offer the main interface with the right match with the consumers' situations. When the external stimulation level is high, they should provide the category display or product display in the target promotion in their mobile shopping apps. However if the target is on the way with the low external stimulation level, they should provide the search format as the main interface in their apps. More interestingly, this kind of manipulation does not affect the consumers' attitude toward the store according to our research result. Future research direction is discussed.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

There are a lot of shopping malls in Internet and most of consumers want to buy good goods in cheap price through the shopping malls. To support them, many sites for price comparison are constructed. But man or woman search many shopping malls and insert their price informations into database that the price comparison sites own. To overcome this disadvantage, virtual shopping malls are builded. These virtual shopping malls are connected and cooperated a lot of affiliated existing shopping malls for the cheapest price information. But, these virtual shopping mall are connected to those existing shopping malls in synchronous. So If they are connected to many existing shopping malls, we have to wait long time because of searching for many existing shopping malls. In this paper, we designed and implemented a virtual shopping mall that connect to many existing shopping malls in asynchronous. For a asynchronous communication between this virtual shopping mall and many existing shopping malls, we used JMS (Java Message Service) that is a standard Java API for MOM (Message-Oriented Middleware).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2019

Non-contact judgment and evaluation for products are increasingly needed along with a rapid environmental change in fashion that sows urgency in the need to implement services that allows users to judge and experience a tactile sense in a fashion product without actual contact. Technological development is required to provide users with syn-aesthetic experiences that integrate the visual, tactile and the auditory. There is also a need to conduct research to increase immersion that provides users with ICT-related experiences communicated through fashion images. The study analyzed demands for haptic communication technology by Korean users in immersive VR fashion product shopping. Accordingly, it defined haptic communication through literature research, investigated immersion in the VR environment and conducted in-depth interviews for haptic communication applicable to VR shopping. Findings show that hedonic reactions by fantasy, emotion and fun function are an important motive in selecting VR shopping. VR fashion product shopping steps were divided into 4: move to store, search in store, search of product and purchase based on offline store shopping experience. It defined the haptic communication by steps and analyzed the types of the haptic feedback to be implemented. The study results provide basic data for developing haptic communication technology that can enhance e a sense of the presence and immersion experiences that can help lay a groundwork for pilot studies on the convergence of the virtual and the real.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This paper aimed to provide the basic data on consumers' purchasing tendency required to start and operate online shopping malls on internet. The survey selected the female college students from 19 to 24 years old majoring fabric and fashion design in colleges in Gyeonggi-do. Total 283 questionnaires were selected for statistical analysis. The analysis results are presented below. The first online shopping was during the middle school times showing the highest responses as 63.54%, followed by high school times, college times and elementary school times in that sequence. Most female college students(97.88%) purchased goods from online shopping malls. The purposes of search in online shopping malls were 'need to purchase goods(47.18%)', 'habit/hobbies(27.57%)', 'need to collect data on goods(20.27%)' and 'to relieve stresses(4.98%)'. About 50% of respondents selected 'I visit mainly several online shopping malls. If there is no goods that I try to find, I search other sites and purchase what I want to buy(46.57%).' For the goods purchased from online shopping malls, everyday wears showed the highest ratio, 85.92%. About the time to purchase goods related to trends, most respondents selected 'purchase whenever it is necessary without respect to trends(87%).' Main considerations when the respondents purchased the goods from online shopping malls were 'design(64.98%)', 'price(18.41%)', 'quality(11.20%)', 'company recognition(2.53%)', 'color(1.44%)', and 'materials (1.44%)' in that sequence. 64.62% of respondents had the experience of returning goods after purchasing from online shopping malls. The reason why the respondents returned goods after purchasing from online shopping malls was mainly 'because of size(52.17%)', the response with the highest ratio. 42.24% responded that they experienced damage by washing the goods purchased from online shopping malls. It was found that the respondents didn't think about the country of manufacturing when purchasing goods from online shopping malls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.46-57
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• 2012

Consumers currently show cross-channel shopping behavior between the Internet and store-based retail types when searching information and purchasing sensory products such as fashion items to reduce risks. As consumers compare both types of stores before making a purchase decision, the Internet retail type and store-based retail type started conflicting/competing each other as the combined retail evolution theory proposed(Kim & Kincade, 2006). The purpose of this study is to examine consumers' cross-channel shopping behavior between the Internet and store-based retail types and their importance and satisfaction with information provided by the Internet retail stores. This study employs a quantitative research method using a survey. Demographics, types of stores used for purchase, satisfaction with the type of stores, Internet shopping behavior, importance and satisfaction with product information in the Internet retail stores were asked. MANOVA and descriptive statistics were used to test hypotheses. The result shows that a majority of participants(36.2%) shows cross-channel shopping behavior between the two retail types. Also, most participants(72.4%) decide on their purchase and are satisfied only after cross-channel shopping between the two retail types. Participants were grouped based on their information search and purchase behavior. Significant differences among the groups were found in importance and satisfaction with product information provided by the Internet stores. In measuring participants' satisfaction, a majority of participants(42.1%) showed satisfaction with their purchase at store-based retail stores after information search via the internet, followed by the satisfaction with the purchase at the internet retail stores after information search at store-based retail stores(30.3%). Fifty one point nine percent of participants search information via the internet(vs.48% at store-based retail stores), and they especially look for fiber contents and design details with pictures(37.4%). The satisfaction with price information provided by the Internet retail stores is the highest (m=3.70 out of 5.0) among fashion product information followed by design information(m=3.48). On the other hand, size information, refund/exchange and fiber content information received low satisfaction scores(m=2.81, 2.71, 2.57 in turn). This research suggests the Internet retail stores should provide more variety of information in detail using technology and improving customer services. This study could provide the Internet retail stores a guideline to establish a satisfactory information delivery system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

Purpose - A product bundling is a marketing approach where multiple products or components are packaged together into one bundle solution. This paper aims to introduce an optimal bundle search problem (hereinafter called "OBSP") which may be embedded with online recommendation system to provide an optimized service considering pairwise discount and delivery cost. Research design, data, and methodology - Online retailers have their own discount policy and it is time consuming for online shoppers to find an optimal bundle. Unlike an online system recommending one item for each search, the OBSP considers multiple items for each search. We propose a mathematical formulation with numerical example for the OBSP and analyzed the complexity of the problem. Results - We provide two results from the complexity analysis. In general case, the OBSP belongs to strongly NP-Hard which means the difficulty of the problem while the special case of OBSP can be solved within polynomial time by transforming the OBSP into the minimum weighted perfect matching problem. Conclusions - In this paper, we propose the OBSP to provide a customized service considering bundling price and delivery cost. The results of research will be embedded with an online recommendation system to help customers for easy and smart online shopping.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

Recently, the proliferation of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet personal computers and the development of information communication technologies (ICT) have led to a big trend of a shift from single-channel shopping to multi-channel shopping. With the emergence of a "smart" group of consumers who want to shop in more reasonable and convenient ways, the boundaries apparently dividing online and offline shopping have collapsed and blurred more than ever before. Thus, there is now fierce competition between online and offline channels. Ever since the emergence of online shopping, a major type of multi-channel shopping has been "showrooming," where consumers visit offline stores to examine products before buying them online. However, because of the growing use of smart devices and the counterattack of offline retailers represented by omni-channel marketing strategies, one of the latest huge trends of shopping is "webrooming," where consumers visit online stores to examine products before buying them offline. This has become a threat to online retailers. In this situation, although it is very important to examine the influencing factors for switching from online shopping to webrooming, most prior studies have mainly focused on a single- or multi-channel shopping pattern. Therefore, this study thoroughly investigated the influencing factors on customers switching from online shopping to webrooming in terms of both the "search" and "purchase" processes through the application of a push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework. In order to test the research model, 280 individual samples were gathered from undergraduate and graduate students who had actual experience with webrooming. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) test revealed that the "pull" effect is strongest on the webrooming intention rather than the "push" or "mooring" effects. This proves a significant relationship between "attractiveness of webrooming" and "webrooming intention." In addition, the results showed that both the "perceived risk of online search" and "perceived risk of online purchase" significantly affect "distrust of online shopping." Similarly, both "perceived benefit of multi-channel search" and "perceived benefit of offline purchase" were found to have significant effects on "attractiveness of webrooming" were also found. Furthermore, the results indicated that "online purchase habit" is the only influencing factor that leads to "online shopping lock-in." The theoretical implications of the study are as follows. First, by examining the multi-channel shopping phenomenon from the perspective of "shopping switching" from online shopping to webrooming, this study complements the limits of the "channel switching" perspective, represented by multi-channel freeriding studies that merely focused on customers' channel switching behaviors from one to another. While extant studies with a channel switching perspective have focused on only one type of multi-channel shopping, where consumers just move from one particular channel to different channels, a study with a shopping switching perspective has the advantage of comprehensively investigating how consumers choose and navigate among diverse types of single- or multi-channel shopping alternatives. In this study, only limited shopping switching behavior from online shopping to webrooming was examined; however, the results should explain various phenomena in a more comprehensive manner from the perspective of shopping switching. Second, this study extends the scope of application of the push-pull-mooring framework, which is quite commonly used in marketing research to explain consumers' product switching behaviors. Through the application of this framework, it is hoped that more diverse shopping switching behaviors can be examined in future research. This study can serve a stepping stone for future studies. One of the most important practical implications of the study is that it may help single- and multi-channel retailers develop more specific customer strategies by revealing the influencing factors of webrooming intention from online shopping. For example, online single-channel retailers can ease the distrust of online shopping to prevent consumers from churning by reducing the perceived risk in terms of online search and purchase. On the other hand, offline retailers can develop specific strategies to increase the attractiveness of webrooming by letting customers perceive the benefits of multi-channel search or offline purchase. Although this study focused only on customers switching from online shopping to webrooming, the results can be expanded to various types of shopping switching behaviors embedded in single- and multi-channel shopping environments, such as showrooming and mobile shopping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1482-1494
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• 2004

This study identified convergent validity and discriminant validity of measurement variables by factor analysis using Spss program and tested covariance measurement model including latent variables such as the website attributes (interactivity, search and visual information of website), shopping values(utilitarian and hedonic value) and attitude toward website by AMOS program. The data were collected from a sample of 271 internet shopper of university students(male: 82, female: 189). They visited the website for apparel shopping and, after searching a casual clothing which they wanted to buy, requested to answer the questionnaire. The results were as follows: Variables that reduce validity were deleted in the several steps of factor analysis and initial measurement model testing. Final measurement model was constructed by valid variables was accepted. This measurement model will be input for testing causal research model that can explain how attributes of the website influences on consumer attitude toward the website.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

In this study, the effects of anticipated regret and perceived uncertainty on price sensitivity or purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing are analyzed along with the effects of price sensitivity on purchase hesitation. The survey was conducted among internet fashion consumers with experience in overseas purchasing and 480 responses were used in the data analysis. The results showed the psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price importance, and the service, product and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced the price search. The preference and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price importance, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the price search. The price importance positively influenced payment stage hesitation and shopping cart abandonment, and the price search positively influenced purchase hesitation in overseas purchasing. The functional, service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced payment stage hesitation, and the service and psychosocial anticipated regret positively influenced shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. In addition, the perceived uncertainty positively influenced the payment stage hesitation, and the information and psychology uncertainty positively influenced the shopping cart abandonment and overall purchase hesitation. The results of this study will be helpful for developing the marketing strategy for customer relationship management for overseas internet shopping web-sites.