• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2009

Direct shoot regeneration from leaf or internode or petiole segments was conducted in 33 cultivars of chrysanthemum. Shoot regeneration rates varied according to cultivars, culture media, and explant types. The high shoot regeneration rate of more than 70% in 15 cultivars (‘Pink Pangpang’, ‘Orange Memory’, ‘Relance’, ‘Zinba’, ‘Beakma’, ‘Innocence’, ‘Sunny Pangpang’, ‘Euro Yellow’, ‘Dublin’, ‘Boramae’, ‘Peak’, ‘Euro White’, ‘Vesuvio White’, ‘Linneker Salmon’ and ‘Pink Pride’) and 2 ones (‘Forward’ and ‘Agason’) was obtained from the segments of leaves and internodes, respectively, cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg-$L^{-1}$ BAP, 0.5 mg-$L^{-1}$ IAA and 30 g-$L^{-1}$ sucrose. That in 6 cultivars (‘Shuhonochikara’, ‘Hakunosen’, ‘Whitney Pangpang’, ‘Plaisir D’Amour’, ‘Grace’ and ‘Kumsu’) was observed from the segments of leaves or internodes cultured on 1/2 MS medium 1.0 mg-$L^{-1}$ BAP, 0.5 mg-$L^{-1}$ IAA and 15 g-$L^{-1}$ sucrose In case of 3 cultivars (‘Ilweol’, ‘Puma White’ and ‘Sharon’), when internode explants excised from mother plants, which were pre-cultured on MS medium containing 2 g-$L^{-1}$ activated charcoal and 30 g-$L^{-1}$ sucrose for two months in the dark, and cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg-$L^{-1}$ BAP, 0.5 mg-$L^{-1}$ IAA and 30 g-$L^{-1}$ sucrose, that was shown. Seven cultivars including ‘Puma Yellow’, ‘Argus’, ‘Yes Morning’, ‘Whiparam’, ‘Hakunohikari’, ‘Charming Eye’ and ‘Moon light’ requires more improved culture conditions. Tissues with the highest shoot regeneration rate were in descending order, leaf, petiole, and internode segments.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2011

'Ggoma' is a new Hibiscus dwarf type variety developed by gamma irradiation at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). This study was conducted to determine the best optimum cultural callus formation and shoot regeneration condition. Sterilized leaf tissues were cultured on MS (Marashige and skoog's) medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar with different concentration and combination of TDZ, 2, 4-D, KT, BA, and 2iP for 4 weeks in vitro culture. MS medium containing 2,4-D $0.1mg\;l^{-1}$ and BA $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ were most effective on callus formation and growth. After 4 weeks, callus was transferred on BA (0.5, 1, $1.5mg\;l^{-1}$) and TDZ (0.1, 0.2, $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$) for shoot formation. The best condition for inducing the shoot from callus was BA $1.5mg\;l^{-1}$ and TDZ $0.3mg\;l^{-1}$. This result will be useful for the rapid multiplication of Hibiscus syriacus L.var. Ggoma.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 심포지엄
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2003

A method for rapid propagation of mature Jack fruit was developed. Four types of explants (mature embryos, apical meristems of young seedlings, apices from mature plants and nodal segments) were used. It has been found 88% of young apical meristems produced shoots in Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium compared to 60% in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Only 1/3 of them produced multiple shoots. Shoot idtiation from nodal segments was very rare. Mature apices produced callus. Although removed of the sheathing cover around mature buds enhanced the shoot initiation but success rate was low in growth regulator free medium. Embryos respond to the CD medium but not to the MS medium. Embryos from seeds soaked in water for 24 hours produced shoots after 8 weeks of incubation and the success rate was 70% while embryos from dry seeds only produced roots. There was no significant effect of cold storage (refrigeration) for 7 days on shoot initiation from mature embryos (65%) but the ability for shoot induction declines with storage time (55% after 21 days of cold storage). Mature axillary buds were established in Modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/1 and IBA. There was a significant difference in the growth performance of shoots according to the period of the year in which explants were collected. Highest (60%) was observed in November-January period. It was only 30% when the explants were collected in February-April or May-July and decreased to 20% in August-October. The shoots produced in November-January showed a higher vigor than those produced in other months. Since Jak fruit show seasonal changes in fruit bearing and shedding of leaves, it can be suggested that the difference in growth performances of tissues cultured in artificial culture media would have been affected by endogenous rhythms.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.571-579
• /
• 2023

In this study, cryopreservation by droplet-vitrification was applied to pear (Pyrus spp.) germplasm. We focused on the development and assessment of various strategies for the selection of suitable tissue, osmoprotection, and dehydration. We also evaluated post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved explants by droplet-vitrification. Preferentially, we tested the effects of preculture and loading treatments to determine which tissues were more suitable, either the apical shoot tips or the axillary buds. Apical shoot tips showed the better regrowth rate than in vitro axillary buds. The most effective techniques for cryopreservation were as follows. Shoots from in vitro seedlings which had been cultured for about 5-6 weeks were cold-hardened at 4℃ for one week, excised shoot tips were precultured on liquid MS medium including 0.3 M sucrose for 31 hours and 0.7 M sucrose for 17 hours, osmoprotected in loading solution (LS) for 40 min, and then cryoprotected in dehydration solution (PVS3) for 90 min. In addition, we found that regrowth rates of explants on regrowth medium after exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN) were higher than those on MS medium. Results indicated that the highest regrowth percentage was 95.6% for 'Bartlett' cultivar and 68.9% for 'BaeYun No.3' cultivar. Consequently, apical shoot tips of two pear cultivars, 'Bartlett' (P. communis) and 'BaeYun No.3' (P. pyrifolia), were successfully cryopreserved by droplet-vitrification. Results of this study show that the enhanced droplet-vitrification method described in the present study could be used as an effective means for long-term storage of pear genetic resources.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2006

The growth and biomass of reeds(Phragmites australis) growing in a subsurface treatment wetland system were investigated from April 2003 to October 2003. Nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) concentrations in above-ground(AG) and below-ground(BG) tissues of reeds were examined and the removal rate of N and P by reeds were analyzed. The system, 29 m in length, 9 m in width and 0.65 m in depth, was constructed in June 2001 on a floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in order to purify polluted water of the stream. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granites(15~30 mm in diameter) and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth was filled with pea pebbles(10 mm in diameter). An upper layer of 5 cm contained course sand. Reeds were transplanted on the surface of the system, which were dug out of natural wetlands, and their shoots were trimmed 40 cm in height. The height and density of the shoots averaged 237.7 cm and 244.0 shoot/$m^2$, respectively, when the reeds grew fully. The maximum biomass of AG and BG tissues were 1,964 and 1,577 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the AG : BG ratio of biomass was 1.26. Mean AG and BG dry weights were recorded as 1,355 and 748 g/$m^2$, respectively. The AG and BG tissue concentrations of N averaged 12.37 and 10.01 mg/g, respectively, and those of P 2.37 and 2.03 mg/g, respectively. Inflow to the system averaged 40 $m^3$/day. The concentrations of total nitrogen(T-N) in influent and effluent were 8.4 mg/L and 3.2 mg/L, respectively, and those of total phosphorous(T-P) were 0.73 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively. The total removal of T-N and T-P by the system during the investigation period averaged 140.2 and 9.7 g/$m^2$, respectively, and the total uptake of N and P by the reeds were calculated as 24.39 and 4.73 g/$m^2$, respectively. Average removals of about 17% of N and about 49% of P by reeds were recorded. The N and P concentrations in AG tissues were significantly different among the three zones of the system:near to inflow(St1), in the middle of system(St2), and near to outflow(St3). The N and P concentrations in BG tissues were also significantly different among St1, St2 and St3. N and P concentrations in AG and BG tissues of reeds growing in St1 were higher than those in St2 and St3. The height and density of shoots of reeds in St1 were larger than those in St2 and St3. Significant amounts of N and P in the influent were taken up by reeds in St1.

• Plant Resources
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2001

The effect of carbenicillin on the dedifferentiation and the regeneration efficiency of plant tissues of horseradish(Armoracia rusticana) was evaluated, Inhibition effect for callus initiation was observed when leaf blade, root and petiole segments were grown on MS medium containing 500 mg/L to 2000 mg/L carbenicillin and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The regeneration of horseradish shoots from leaf blade, root and petiole explants were decreased as the addition of carbenicillin increased from 1000 mg/L to 2000 mg/L in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin. Especially, 500 mg/L carbenicillin treatment significantly inhibited shoot induction when leaf blade explants were grown on hormone-free MS medium. It was suggested that the toxic effects of combinations of carbenicillin and 2,4-D may be due to high auxin activity levels.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 배추(Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)의 자엽 및 하배축 조직으로부터 효율적인 식물체 재분화 체계를 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 다양한 조합의 식물생장조절제 NAA와 BA를 조사한 바 자엽은 NAA 2.0mg/L, BA 1.0mg/L와 $AgNO_3$ 16.7mg/L를 첨가한 배지에서 절편당 2.67개의 가장 좋은 신초발생을 보였다. 하배축 절편체로부터는 NAA 1.0mg/L, BA 5.0mg/L와 $AgNO_3$ 16.7mg/L를 첨가하였을 때 절편당 1.87개의 가장 좋은 신초발생을 보였다. 재분화된 신초는 발근배지에서 뿌리를 유기하였으며 식물체는 습도가 유지된 생장상에서 순화를 거처 온실에서 재배하였다. 재분화 개체는 표현형과 염색체수에서는 이상이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.55-58
• /
• 2013

대두 미숙배 배양으로부터 체세포배를 얻기 위해 1 mg/L 2,4-D를 첨가한 MS배지에서 6 - 8주 동안 배양한 결과 2개의 자엽을 갖는 정상체세포배가 14%, 1개의 자엽을 갖는 비정상 체세포배가 37%, 합생자엽을 갖는 비정상 체세포배가 43% 그리고 생장이 멈춘 구형기 체세포배가 6%로 얻어졌다. 체세포배의 전형층은 하배축에서 원형모양으로 분화되어 자엽 절로 이어진 후 1개의 자엽은 1개 전형성층이, 2개의 자엽은 2개의 전형성층이 각 자엽으로 발달하였고, 합생 자엽의 경우 하배축에서 형성된 원형의 전형성층이 자엽까지 연결되어 있었다. 한편 2개의 자엽을 갖는 체세포배의 경우는 tunica-corpus층을 이룬 전형적인 유경조직을 이루고 있었으나 1개 또는 합생 자엽을 갖는 체세포배는 tunica-corpus층이 없고, dome모양이 없는 흔적만 남은 유경조직을 이루고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 체세포배에서 전형성층의 분화는 자엽의 형성과 유경조직의 발달에 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2011

Arabidopsis mutants with T-DNA insertion in seven calmodulin genes (CAM) were used to determine the specific role of CAM in the tolerance of plants to oxidative stress induced by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatments. Arabidopsis calmodulin mutants (cam) were screened for seedling growth, seed germination, induced oxidative damage, and levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolites. Only the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants exhibited an increased sensitivity to paraquat and $H_2O_2$ during seed germination and seedling growth. In response to treatments with $3{\mu}M$ paraquat and 1 mM $H_2O_2$, only the cam5-4, cam6-1 mutants showed significant changes in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in root and shoot tissues, with highly increased levels of MDA. In terms of the GABA shunt metabolites, GABA was significantly elevated in root and shoot tissues in response to the paraquat treatments in comparison to alanine and glutamate, while the levels of all shunt metabolites increased in root tissue but not in the shoot tissue following the $H_2O_2$ treatments. GABA, alanine and glutamate levels were significantly increased in root and shoot of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to paraquat (0.5, 1 and $3{\mu}M$), while they were increased only in the root tissue of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to $H_2O_2$ (200 and $500{\mu}M$, 1 mM). These data show that the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants were sensitive to the induced oxidative stress treatments in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, and oxidative damage. The accumulation of GABA shunt metabolites as a consequence of the induced oxidative stress treatments (paraquat and $H_2O_2$ treatments) suggests that the GABA shunt pathway and the accumulation of GABA metabolites may contribute in antioxidant machinery associated with reactive oxygen species and in the acquisition of tolerance in response to induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis seedlings.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.287-298
• /
• 1987

The regenerative capacities of protoplasts isolated from potato (Solamum tuberosum L.) tubers and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) mesophyll tissues were examined, and then their intergeneric protoplast fusion was carried out. The potato tuber-derived protoplasts proliferated into the calli some of which showed rudimentary shoot-like structures, which had not been attempted before from tubers, while the tobacco protoplasts were regenerated into the whole plants. Intergeneric protoplast fusion between potato and tobacco was carried out and the heteroplasmic fusion products were formed. The first cell division of some of them was observed after 5 days of culture.