• 화훼연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2008

산수국 삽목묘의 알맞은 육묘과정의 차광정도를 구명하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 흑색 차광망을 사용하여 0%(무차광), 55%(1겹), 74%(2겹), 95%(3겹)로 광도를 달리하여 재배하였다. 신초장, 절간장의 생장은 55% 차광구에서 기장 높게 나타났다. 신초폭, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 줄기직경, 잎과 줄기의 생체중 및 건물중 모두 55% 차광구에서 높아 신초의 생육에 가장 적절한 차광수준으로 판단되었다.55% 차광구에서 엽세포 간극의 $CO_2$ 농도는 가장 낮게 나타난 반면 광합성률은 가장 높게 나타나 광합성 효율이 가장 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 엽록소는 무차광에 비해 모든 차광구에서 높게 나타났고, 카로티노이드는 74% 차광구에서 가장 높고 무차광구에서 가장 낮았다. 잎 상부는 기공이 관찰되지 않았고 잎 하부에서는 모든 처리구에서 관찰되었으나, 특히 55% 차광에서 기공의 밀도와 발달이 양호하였다. 반면에 95% 차광에서 자란 잎은 기공밀도가 낮고 기공의 발달도 저조하였다. 결과적으로 산수국 삽목묘의 육묘 괴정에서 55% 차광이 신초생장에 가장 효율적이었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2014

이탈리안 라이그라스의 발아 및 초기 생육단계에서 내염성 수준 정도를 조사하기 위하여 in vitro 조건에서 다양한 염농도 조건에서 그린팜, 플로리다80, 코원어리 및 화산101호 품종을 이용하여 염해에 대한 반응을 발아율과 산화 스트레스 관련 효소들의 활성을 통해 조사하였다. 저농도의 NaCl 처리구에서는 모든 품종에서 발아율의 차이가 1~3% 정도 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 250 mM 이상의 NaCl 처리구에는 화산101호 품종을 제외한 모든 품종에서 50% 이상의 발아율 감소를 보였다. 또한, NaCl 농도가 높아질수록 발아에 걸리는 시간이 지연되었으며, 350 mM NaCl이 첨가된 처리구에는 화산101호 품종만이 치상 10일후에 발아가 시작하여 12% 정도 발아하였다. NaCl 농도에 따른 shoot과 root의 길이와 생초와 건조 후 무게의 변화도 만생종으로 갈수록 더 생육이 우수한 것으로 타나났다. 품종별간의 잎 조직에서 항산화효소 활성을 분석 결과 고염 조건 (150 mM NaCl)에서 POD 활성은 대조군과 유사한 수준으로 확인 되었다. 반면 APX 활성은 플로리다80과 코윈어리 품종에서는 증가하는 경향을, 화산101 품종에서는 감소하는 경향이 나타났으나 유의적인 수준에서 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 반면 그린팜 품종에서는 유의적인 수준에서 고염 처리에 의한 APX 활성이 감소되는 경향이 나타났다. 지속적으로 in vitro screening을 통해 선발된 계통들은 향후 특성평가와 인공교배를 통해 내염성 이탈리안 라이그라스 개발에 필요한 유용한 육종모재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2005

The $F_1$ hybrid Red Coat is one of the most highly sought after cultivars of tomato in Australia and yields up to 7.5 $\cal{kg/plant}$. An experiment was conducted to de-termine the optimal strength and type of growth medium and sucrose concentration for shoot organogenesis of the Red Coat cultivar using cotyledonary explants. Two basal growth media, viz. MS and Gamborg' s $B_5$ at 0, 1/4, 1/2, full or double strength along with sucrose concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 or $5\%$, were evaluated using 25 replications. The main effects of treatment and their mutual interactions were evaluated for the proportion of explants that produced callus and/or shoots, number of shoots produced per explant, callus diameter and shoot height. The explants failed to produce shoots in the absence of mineral nutrient. Only a small proportion of the explants ($6\%$ with $B_5\;and\;3\%$ with MS) regenerated shoots in the absence of sucrose. Lower sucrose concentrations ($0.5-1.5\%$) along with full strength media were optimal for most of the traits studied. The $B_5$ medium outperformed MS medium for shoot organogenesis. For all the traits examined, significant differences in main effects (P < 0.05) and two-way interactions were detected, but no three-way interactions (medium type $\times$ medium concentration $\times$ sucrose concentration) were observed. Sucrose was found essential for the development of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll content increased with an increase in sucrose concentration up to $3\%$ and decreased at $5\%$ sucrose.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to establish The regeneration of healthy seedlings from the nodal segment culture of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita cv. Danma), cultivated in Korea. Different explants such as leaves, petioles, roots and nodal pieces, excised from the in vitro grown seedlings of Chinese yam, were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators. All the growth regulators used induced plantlet regeneration from the nodal segments at a high frequency, while there was no induction of shoot or callus from leaf, petiole or root tissues. The medium supplemented with 0.01mg/L NAA, 0.5mg/L BA, 0.5-1.0mg/L kinetin and without plant growth regulator was effective for shoot development of buds from the nodal segment culture. The concentration of BA and NAA was an important factor in the bud induction of buds from the nodal segments of Chinese yam. Nodal segments cultured on the medium containing 1.0mg/L NAA and 0.5-1.0mg/L BA gave the best response to bud formation. The addition of GA$_3$ to the culture medium suppressed shoot induction and growth, while it increased microtuber formation. The shoot growth and microtuber formation were also affected by medium strength and solidity. The MS basal medium containing 1 g/L gelrite was suitable for microtuber formation from the nodal segment of Chinese yam.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제86권4호
• /
• pp.430-434
• /
• 1997

희귀 수종인 산개나리(3년생)의 산초지 액아를 배양하여 식물체를 유도하였다. 효과적인 증식법 구명을 위해 MS 배지에서 세 가지 싸이토키닌(BAP, kinetin, zeatin)의 농도별 효과를 조사하였다. 증식은 식물 생장조절 물질이나 농도별 효과가 뚜렷하지 않았으나 zeatin 처리시 줄기 및 잎의 발달에 효과가 있었다. kinetin 처리는 줄기 생장과 더불어 모두 발근되는 특징을 보였고, BAP와 zeatin은 발근은 가능하나 고농도로 갈수록 발근율이 감소하였다. 황화처리는 줄기의 생장을 촉진하였다. 줄기는 3년 이상의 계대배양 후에도 정상적인 증식이 가능했다. 발근된 식물체는 인공 배양토에서 100% 활착되었으며 산지에 이식하여 정상 생장하였다. 이상의 결과는 희귀 수종인 산개나리의 기내 번식으로 자생지의 복원이 가능함을 시사한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2011

BACKGROUND: Potassium (K) is one of the macronutrients which are essential for plant growth and development. Its deficiency in paddy soils is becoming one of the limiting factors for increasing rice yield in Asia. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate physiological symptoms under K-starvation (NP) compared with complete media (NPK) condition, we measured shoot/root length, weight, nutrients, and patterns of protein expression. The shoot growth was significantly reduced, but root growth was not affected by K-starvation. However, biomasses were decreased in both shoot and root. Uptake of K was reduced up to 85%, while total concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Na were increased in root and shoot. To better understand the starved K mechanism of rice, comparative proteome analysis for proteins isolated from rice leaves was conducted using 2-DGE. Five spots of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Analysis of these K-starvation response proteins suggested that they were involved in metabolism and defense. CONCLUSION(s): Physiological and 2-DGE based proteomics approach used in our study results in observation of morphology or nutrients change and identification of K-starvation responsive proteins in rice root. These results have important roles in maintaining nutrient homeostasis and would also be useful for further characterization of protein function in plant K nutrition.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND: The freezing injury by pruning can be reduced by suspending pruning work when severe cold weather (-23 to -49℃) is forecast. Minimum air temperature of the study area, Gunwi region at February 3, 2012 was -21.9℃, and the subzero temperature continued until April 8, 2012. This study was conducted in two years to investigate the effect of delaying winter pruning until full bloom on shoot growth and fruit quality of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: The time of pruning were March 26 for dormant, April 3 for bud break, and May 2 for full bloom. The winter pruning at full bloom significantly reduced fruit weight for two years compared with the control (winter pruning at dormant), and shoot growth was reduced only in the following year. There was no significant effect of delaying winter pruning at bud break on soluble solid content, fruit red color, return bloom, and pruning weight for two years compared with the control. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the delaying winter pruning at bud break of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple tree did not offer any disadvantage over comparable dormant pruning, since the fruit quality was not affected. The delayed pruning at full bloom resulted in decreased fruit weight, though shoot growth, fruit quality, and return bloom were not affected by the delayed pruning. So, the delayed pruning should be considered carefully only for the fruit tree orchards in diseases.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 1985

유전자 재조합 기술을 통하여 유용한 유전자를 세포내로 이전시키거나 세포 수준에서 육종선발을 하기 위한 기술로서 원형질체를 나출, 배양하고 재분화시키는 과정과 세포주를 확보하기 위하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 원형질체 나출을 위한 잎의 표면 소독은 sodium hypochloride 2 %에서 3분간 침지하는 것이 소독율이 높았다. 2. 원형질체 나출 최적 효소농도는 cellulase 2 %와 macerozyme 0.5 %의 혼용이다. 3. 원형질체의 배양밀도는 1.4 - 2.0 $\times$ $10^4$/$m\ell$에서 치상효율이 높았다. 4. 배양배지는 배지 1에서 제일 양호하였다. 5. 배양 2 일 후에는 세포격이 완전히 재생되고 배양 4 일 후에는 세포분열이 시작되었다. 배양 2주 후에는 세포 덩어리를 형성하고 3주 후에는 육안으로 볼 수 있는 colony를 형성하였다. 6. Shoot 분화 배지에 치상한 calli는 치상후 25 일에 bud가 나타나기 시작하였다. Shoot분화에는 BA 1 -2 mg/$\ell$로 첨가한 경우 shoot분화율이 높았다. 7. 발근은 홀몬이 첨가되지 않은 MS 배지에서 양호하였고 현재 100여 개의 세포주에서 종자를 수확하였으며 차후 세포주의 특성과 변이성등을 조사할 계획이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2002

We report the development of a new selection system for the transformation of pepper plants by mannose. In order to achieve this, we first tested several factors related to regeneration conditions. Among the 30 inbred lines examined, line P9l5 was able to generate shoots at the highest rate from both cotyledons and hyporotyls in MS media. A dosage curve for optimizing the selection conditions was established by mixing mannose (range 0-50 g/L) and sucrose (range 0-30 g/L). The least selection pressure on shoot formation was created by a mixture of sucrose and mannose at 20 g/L and 15 g/L, respectively, and the threshold for ultimate tissue death was 50 g/L of mannose irrespective of the sucrose concentration. However, we found that mannose itself was not the sole inhibitor of pepper shoot development. High concentrations of sucrose (30 g/L) contributed additively to the inhibition of shoot formation at higher mannose concentrations. Genotype preference is a major factor that enhances regeneration ability in mannose media, as was observed in MS media. P9l5 and P410 line had high regeneration rates under mannose selection conditions in the presence of Agrobacterium infection. Different virulence levels of Agrobacterium strains did change the regeneration rates, probably due to interaction with the specificities of the inbred lines. Taken together, P9l5 offers the best pepper inbred line for transformation and we recommend a selection condition of 20 g/L of sucrose and 15 g/L or more of mannose up to 50 g/L in media.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.146-152
• /
• 1997

Development of shoot and root, leaf water potential and photosynthetic rate affected by water stress in early growing stage of tobacco were surveyed to interpret stress response in terms of plant physiological and agricultural aspects. The growth of shoot and root was highly suppressed by water stress and the difference in dry weight by rewatering was smaller in root than in shoot. The total root length was highly decreased by water stress and the lengths of root for water stress and non-stress were 74m and 84m, respectively, after rewatering. The root growth treated by water stress was increased between 2nd and 3rd day after treatment indicating that temporary water stress at early growing stage might have increased of root zone activity for early growth stage. The leaf water potentials were decreased to -7.63MPa, -9.47MPa, -11.89MPa, -13MPa at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day by water stress. The relative water contents were 75%, 62% and 57% at the 3rd, 4th and 5th day after treatment. Photosynthesis was reduced largely by water stress. The photosynthetic rate after treatment at 2nd day and 3rd day was dropped to 18.15$\mu$mol. $CO_2$/$m^2$ㆍsec$^{-1}$ and 9.35$\mu$mol. $CO_2$/$m^2$ㆍsec$^{-1}$. It was never recovered to the normal, even after rewatering. Stomatal conductance had been reduced since 2nd day after treatment and increased after rewatering.