• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2015

To investigate the optimal conditions for shoot organogenesis in Astragalus sinicus L., hypocotyl explants were cultured in Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for 6 weeks. 2,4-D concentration significantly effected morphogenesis: some produced calli with adventitious shoots and roots, some produced calli with adventitious roots, some produced only calli, and some produced deep-brownish calli with roots. The formation of calli with shoots and/or roots was observed at lower levels of 2,4-D, whereas calli without shoots or with deep-brownish roots were formed after treatment with higher levels of 2,4-D. Also, a shoot organogenesis ability of callus clones was observed after treatment with medium with 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D grown in MS medium with combinations of benzyl adenine (BA) and 2,4-D for 4 weeks. Medium with a combination of BA and 2,4-D was effective for shoot formation, whereas root organogenesis from calli decreased. The greatest amount of shoot formation was obtained when calli were cultured in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. Upon shoot transfer into 1/2 MS basal medium, plantlets developed, and the plantlets grew well in soil in a greenhouse.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

Combinations of plant growth regulators, darkness treatments, and the order of expanding leaves for explants were evaluated for optimizing in vitro shoot regeneration rate of 'Whangkeumbae' pear. In a MS medium, supplemented with $8.88{\mu}M$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and $0.49{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), green foci were observed on the surface of the callus 8 days after culture initiation. Some adventitious buds were later induced from those green foci, resulting in the appearance of normal shoots. In a medium containing $22.20{\mu}M\;BA$, the surface of the callus became compact and greenish, and many adventitious buds were formed over the entire area of the callus surface. When comparing BA concentration via histological observation, the section which had been treated with $22.20{\mu}M\;BA$ exhibited closer cell aggregation than those with $8.88{\mu}M\;BA$. The darkness treatment enhanced the formation of adventitious shoots for up to 3 weeks. The youngest two expanding leaves, proximal to the shoot apex, were proved to be the most regenerative, and yielded the highest shoot number per regenerating leaf. A fourth strength MS medium, which was supplemented with $0.54{\mu}M\;NAA$, yielded good quality plantlets, with regard to root number and root length.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 1994

We have established a high-frequency plant regeneration system via organogenesis from mature seed of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.). The effects of 2,4-dichiorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-furfuryl amino purine (kinetin), $\alpha$-naphthaiene acetic acid (NAA), N6-benzyl amino pu-rine (BAP), and casein hydrolysate (CR) on cailus induction and multiple shoot formation on ex-posure to light were evaluated. Callus produced on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-D and kinetin had high organogenesis potency. A single addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D significantly induced callus. Also, 1.0 mg L-$^1$ 2,4-D, with the addition of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly enlianced callus induction. The trend of cailus induction was also found on mediurn containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP with 1.0 mg $L-^1$2,4-D, and 1 g $L-^1$ CR with the addition of 1.0 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. However, NAA was no effective on callus formation. The growth of root was significantly high in the presence of 0.1 mg $L-^1$ kinetin compared to other concentrations. Over 2 mg $L-^1$ kinetin highly lengthened roots. Fresh weight of plantlet was highest on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Also, on medium containing 0.1 mg $L-^1$ BAP, fresh weight of piantlet was highly enhanced. BAP was significantly effective on multiple shoot formation, particularly when 2.0 mg $L-^1$ was added with 0.1 mg $L-^1$ 2,4-D. Callus induction and multiple shoot formation were achieved on MS basal medium containing 1.0 g $L-^1$ CH.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the formation of the organ in the in vitro propagation of diploid and tetraploid Codonopsis lanceolata, and gain the basic data for in vitro propagation of superior C. lanceolata. In the case of diploid C. lanceolata, the highestshoot formation (3.0) was observed at 0.5 mg·L^-1 addition medium with low IBA concentration. The shoot formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata was suppressed by addition of IBA. In the addition of lAA, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was slightly higher at 1.0 mg·-L^-1 addition medium than that of control group, whereas tetraploid C. lanceolata showed the highest number (5.4) from control group. In the case of NAA, the shoot formation of diploid and tetra C. lanceolata tended to decrease at higher concentration. In terms of BA addition, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was increased by the addition of BA, whereaswhile the growth of shoot was decreased by the addition of BA. In the case of tetraploid C. lanceolata, shoot was found to be formed by the addition of low concentration of BA, and the growth of shoot was inhibited with the higher addition concentration of BA. With the addition of kinetin, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was slightly higher than that of control group, and the formation of adventitious root was highest (5.3) in the control group. In the case of tetraploid C. lanceolata, the shoot formation was similar in all treatment groups, but the formation and growth of adventitious root were significantly lower than that of diploid C. lanceolata. In the case of TDZ addition, the shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata showed the pronounced results at 5.0 mg·L^-1 addition medium, and the growth of shoot was inhibited by the addition of TDZ. The formation of adventitious root was 5.3 and 4.9 in the control group and 0.1 mg·L^-1 addition medium respectively. The formation of the shoot of tetraploid C. lanceolata showed better results with the higher concentration of TDZ, and the growth was better with the lower concentration of TDZ. The formation and growth of adventitious root were significantly slower than that of diploid C. lanceolata.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2005

Conditions for efficient organogenesis and plant regeneration from Dianthus gratianopol suspension cultured cells were established. Shoot-forming calli of glossy surface, pale green and knobby type were selected from leaf explant-derived calli and were suspension-subcultured every week in CP liquid medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Combinations of 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP, and 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP were effective for the induction of regenerative callus from the suspension cultured cell clusters. Multiple shoot primordia were initiated from the green spots of these regenerative callus and formed shoots on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L PAA. Shoot regeneration frequency (calli regenerating at least one shoot) was about 87%. For plant regeneration, proliferated shoots were excised and transferred to MS medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA for root initiation after 9 weeks of culture. The regenerants were potted in soil and formed the flowering buds and petals. Also, adventitious shoots were formed from the excised green shoot primordia of regenerative callus and these shoots proliferated successfully and regenerated to whole plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 1999

This study was carried out to establish improved techniques on organogenesis from callus culture of Gladiolus. Organogenesis from the callus was effective in the half strength of MS solid medium without 2,4-D at 15 $^{\circ}C$ under 24 hours of daylength. Formation of adventitious root was most effective in the liquid shaking culture, and adventitious shoot induction was effective in the liquid stationary culture. From these results, we could find optimal culture conditions for redifferentiation from callus, in addition, liquid shaking culture revealed as more useful when compared with that of solid culture method for the redifferentiation of callus in Gladiolus `Topaz'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

To establish rapid micropropagation through organogenesis from apices-derived callus or direct adventitious shoot of three calla lily cultivars(Zantedeschia spp, cv. Sunlight, cv. Chiante, cv. Pink Persuation) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The formation rate of callus, organogenesis and in viかo tuber production among the three cultivars were tested. Callus was obtained from cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion; the best cultivar was Sunlight. Sunlight induced $53.3\%$ callus and Chiante had the highest rate of $56.7\%$ direct shoot regeneration on medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 20 to $70\%$ on medium with 2.0-3.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained on medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA in three cultivars. Cytokinins induced multiple shoot formation; 1.0 mg/L of 2ip, 5.0 mg/L of BA, and 1.0 m/L of BA induced 16, 14 and 12 multiple shoots in cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion, respectivly. 1.0 mg/L of IAA enhanced root growth in cvs. Sunlight and Chiante while cv. Pink Persuasion exhibited enhanced root growth at 2.0 mg/L of IBA. NAA, however, induced no change in root growth. The addition of 90 g/L sucrose enhanced in vitro tuber formation and following tuber expansion in cv. Sunlight, while 70 g/L of sucrose was effective in cvs. Chiante and Pink Persuasion.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee. is an important endangered and native plant belonging to the family Iridaceae in Korea. This study describes a method for rapid micropropagation of this species via from leaf, rhizome and root explants derived calli. Leaf, rhizome and root explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction. Rhizome explants yielded calli at a frequency of 72% when cultured at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Calli were maintained at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. These calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D in combination with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/l BA for adventitious shoot induction. The highest number of adventitious shoot (228.9 per petri-dish) were formed at 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BA. WPM medium was the best to convert calli into plantlets, where up to 98.2% of calli were regenerated into plantlets. This in vitro propagation protocol should be useful for conservation of this endangered plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

Brassinosteroids are steroidal plant hormones and are known to modulate physiological and cellular response in a wide range of plant species. Considerable insights has been achieved of the physiological role of brassinosteroid in Brassica species in the past few years, but their effect on direct organogenesis has not been extensively studied. In this sense, under optimal basal media and growth conditions we tested the cellular and organogenic response of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in a variable concentration (0.1 to $5.0\;{\mu}M$) and Zeatin (Z) (1.0 to $100\;{\mu}M$) and their synergic effect on hypocotyl explants of cauliflower and broccoli. The isolated EBL accelerated cell elongation and promotes direct organogenesis. One micromolar EBL + $10\;{\mu}M$ of Z was the most efficient combination for cell elongation, cell differentiation as well as for organogenesis. A suppressing effect on root induction was confirmed for all the tested hormone levels. The general results indicate a synergic effect of EBL-Z and EBL potentates Zeatin activity, at least in certain tissues. Besides de genetic factors, we can speculate that the natural hormone concentration in the explants might affect the responses by application of exogenous growth regulators. Experiments with new plant growth regulators, like brassinolide, are important aiming to maximize or accelerate plant regeneration for in vitro multiplication or for genetic transformation.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effect of plant growth regulators on the formation of adventitious bud callus(ABC) and plant regeneration in shoot tip culture of Zantedeschia spp. 'Florex Gold'. Treatment of $0.1mgL^{-1}\;N$-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea(thidiazuron, TDZ) was more promotive for formation of ABC in shoot tip culture than 6-benzylaminopurine(BA) treatment, and short shoots were developed. Comparing to treatment of BA, mixing treatment of BA and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) inhibited the formation of ABC and multiple shoot. The proliferation of ABC derived from sections(0.3 cm) of ABC produced by shoot tip culture in medium supplemented with $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ was more effective in medium with $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ or $2.0mgL^{-1}\;BA$ than the other treatments. The shoot regeneration and growth from sections of ABC was more promotive in treatment of $0.001mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$. Also, the root growth from sections of ABC was better in medium with $0.001mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$ or $0.2mgL^{-1}\;BA$. Consequently, in vitro mass production of Zantedeschia spp. 'Florex Gold' can be obtained via indirect organogenesis through plant regeneration and proliferation of ABC which was derived from shoot tip culture at $0.1mgL^{-1}\;TDZ$.