• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 비선형 디스크 스프링과 고무링으로 구성된 완충장치의 감쇠에 관하여 연구하였다. 고무링의 마찰력과 디스크 스프링의 이력현상을 측정하여, 디스크 스프링의 적층 배열에 따른 이력곡선을 근사하고, 소산되는 에너지의 양을 추산하였다. 마찰력과 소산 에너지에 근거하여 네 종류의 감쇠 해석모델을 제시하였으며, 각각의 모델에 대한 충격응답을 고찰하였다. 고무링의 마찰력보다는 디스크 스프링의 이력현상이 완충장치의 감쇠거동에서 더 큰 영향을 미치었다. 가장 실용적인 감쇠 모델로는 소산되는 총 에너지의 양에 근거한 등가 점성 감쇠 모델이 다른 감쇠 모델보다 적합하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제64권1호
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2015

In the paper, a design method of knee and pelvis joint in the biped robot is proposed for shock absorption and gravity compensation. Similarly to the human's body, the knee joints of the biped robot support most body weight and get a shock from the landing motion of the foot on the floor. The torque of joint motor is also increased sharply to keep the balance of the robot. Knee and pelvis joints with the spring are designed to compensate the gravity force and reduce the contact shock of the robot. To verify the efficiency of the proposed design method, we develope a biped robot with the joint mechanism using springs. At first, we experiment with the developed robot on the static motions such as the bent-knee posture both without load and with load on the flat ground, and the balance posture on the incline plane. The current of knee joint is measured to analyze the impact force and energy consumption of the joint motors. Also, we observe the motor current of knee and pelvis joints for the walking motion of the biped robot. The current responses of joint motors show that the proposed method has an effect on shock reduction and gravity compensation, and improve the energy efficiency of walking motions for the biped robot.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 산업용 폭약을 이용한 충격고화기술을 ZnO-98%과 $Ga_2O_3$-2% 혼합분말에 적용하여 직경 30mm, 두께 6mm인 $ZnOGa_2O_3$고화체를 형성 시켰다. 고화체의 경도 및 상대밀도는 각각 220~250 Hv, 97%이었으며, 표면에 대한 주사현미경 관찰결과 균열 및 결함은 발생되지 않았으며, 분말입자들은 강한 충격파에 의해 변형되어 서로 결합되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 X-ray 분석결과로부터 입자 간의 격자결합 및 결정자의 변형을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이러한 격자결합과 결정자의 변형은 높은 전기저항의 원인이 된다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2009

Shock focusing is related with explosive release of shock wave energy on a narrow spot in a short duration of time triggering a spontaneous high pressure near the focal point. It is well known that reflection of planar incident shock wave from the metallic concave mirror such as ellipsoidal, paraboloidal or hemispherical cavities will focus on a focal point. We intend to improve the computational results using a wave propagation algorithm and to resolve the mushroom-like structure. For computation of the concave cavity flow, it is not easy to use a single-block mesh because of the many singular points in geometry and coordinates. We have employed a uniform Cartesian-grid method for the wave propagation algorithm.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2010

Hysteresis is an effect by which the order of previous events influences the order of subsequent events. Hysteresis phenomenon of supersonic internal flows with shock waves has not yet been clarified satisfactorily. In the present study, experiments are carried out on internal flow in a supersonic nozzle to clarify the hysteresis phenomena for the shock waves. Flow visualization is carried out separately on the straight and divergent channels downstream of the nozzle throat section. Results obtained were compared with numerically simulated data. The results confirmed hysteresis phenomenon for shock wave in the Laval nozzle at a certain specific condition. The relationship between hysteresis phenomenon and the range of the rate of change of pressure ratio with time was shown experimentally. The existence of hysteretic behavior in the formation, both the location and strength, of shock wave in the straight part of the supersonic nozzle with a range of pressure ratio has also been confirmed numerically.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.67.1-67.1
• /
• 2012

Shocks are evolved when the relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), black hole binaries, supernova remnants (SNR) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) interact with the surrounding medium. The high energy particles are believed to be accelerated by the diffusive shock acceleration and the strong magnetic field is generated by Weibel instability in the shock. When ultrarelativistic electrons with strong magnetic field cool by the synchrotron emission, the radiation is observed in gamma-ray burst and the near-equipartitioned magnetic field in the external shock delays the afterglow emission. In this paper, we performed the 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to understand the characteristics of these relativistic shock and particle acceleration. Forward and reverse shocks are shaped while the unmagnetized injecting jet interacts with the unmagnetized ambient medium. Both upstream and downstream become thermalized and the particle accelerations are shown in each transition region of the shock structures.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 네트워크형 복층터널의 환기설계를 위하여 분기부지점에서 발생할 수 있는 충격손실에 대한 실험연구이다. 충격손실양을 결정할 수 있는 충격손실계수는 현재까지 종횡비가 일정한 원형이나 사각단면에 관한 설계값 및 이론식만이 존재하고 있다. 하지만 현재 국내에서 검토중인 복층터널이 종횡비가 약 1:3정도로 층고가 낮은 소형차 전용도로이기 때문에 본 조건에 맞는 충격손실계수의 제시가 필요하다. 이를 위하여 Reynolds 상사법칙이 적용된 약 1:23 스케일의 실험모델을 제작하여 큰 종횡비에 따른 분기부 지점 충격손실계수를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 분기부가 존재할 때 직선구간에 작용하는 충격손실 계수 와 분기부에서 작용하는 충격손실 계수 이 선행연구 되었던 설계값 및 이론식보다 2~3배 높게 측정되는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 큰 종횡비가 충격손실계수에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 확인함에 따라서 네트워크형 복층터널의 환기설계 시 보다 정확한 설계값을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.612-618
• /
• 2012

In this paper, in order to prevent electric shock of high voltage system of HFCV after crash test, insulation performance measurement methods were studied. Under conditions of in-use, insulation performance tests can be divided into measurement method using the vehicle's own RESS as DC voltage source and measurement method using DC voltage from off-vehicle sources. However, these tests can not be applied after a post-crash because parts of high voltage system cover should be removed, and insulation performance can be influenced during these tests. Therefore, we proposed post-crash insulation performance test methods for preventing electric shock through problem analysis of previous post-crash insulation performance tests. Also, test equipment which can measure voltage absence and total energy was developed. We verified performance of the equipment through experiments with vehicle test.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.167-183
• /
• 2010

This paper analyzes the backgrounds of the standards for protection against electric shock in Global Technical Regulations (GTR) of Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV). Targets on research were high voltage criteria, safety current, isolation and grounding resistance, time limitation, energy, adequate clearance, and test procedure. Based on human impedance and effect of current in IEC 60479-1, safety of human was examined. Then, isolation and grounding circuit model of FCV were analyzed theoretically. The results give several suggestions: touch voltage less than 25V, AC energy less than 0.0813J, separation considering middle finger length, grounding resistance less than $0.2\Omega$, maximum AC ground voltage of 1V (rms), and isolation resistance between earth and electrical chassis. In MATLAB/Simulink environment, error characteristics of isolation resistance measurement procedure using internal DC sources were analyzed under variations of internal resistance of voltmeter and isolation resistance.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.319-334
• /
• 2018

In this study, the failure mode and energy absorption capabilities of a composite shock absorber device, during an emergency landing are evaluated. The prototype has been installed and tested in laboratory simulating an emergency landing test condition. The crash absorber presents an innovative configuration able to reduce the loads transmitted to a helicopter fuselage during an emergency landing. It consists of a composite tailored tube installed on the landing gear strut. During an emergency landing this crash absorber system should be able to absorb energy through a pre-designed deformation. This solution, compared to an oleo-pneumatic shock absorber, avoids sealing checks, very high values of the shock absorber pressure, and results to be lighter, easy in maintenance, inspect and use. The activities reported in this paper have become an attractive research field both from the scientific viewpoint and the prospect of industrial applications, because they offer benefits in terms of energy absorbing, weight savings, increasing the safety levels, and finally reducing the costs in a global sense.