• 에너지공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2013

일본 연구에서는 열충격 시험을 통한 태양전지의 파괴모드에 따른 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 시편은 Photovoltaic Module을 만들기 전 3 line Ribbon을 Tabbing한 단결정 Solar Cell을 제작하였다. 열충격 시험 Test 1의 온도조건은 저온 $-40^{\circ}C$, 고온 $85^{\circ}C$, Test 2는 저온 $-40^{\circ}C$, 고온 $120^{\circ}C$에서 Ramping Time을 포함하여 각각 15분씩, 총 30분을 1사이클로 500사이클을 각각의 조건으로 수행하였다. 열충격 시험 후 Test 1에서는 4.0%의 효율 감소율과 1.5%의 Fill Factor 감소율을 확인하였으며, Test 2에서는 24.5%의 효율 감소율과 11.8%의 Fill Factor 감소율을 확인하였다. EL(Electroluminescence)촬영 및 단면을 분석한 결과, Test 1과 Test 2 시편 모두 Cell 표면 및 내부에서의 Crack이 발견되었다. 하지만, Test 2의 시험이 Test 1보다 가혹한 온도조건의 시험으로 인해 Test 1에서 나타나지 않았던, Cell 파괴를 Test 2에서 확인하였다. 결국, Test 1에서 효율의 직접적인 감소 원인은 Cell 내부에서의 Crack이며, Test 2에서는 Cell 내부에서의 Crack 및 Cell 파괴로 인한 Cell 자체의 성능저하로 효율이 크게 감소한다는 것을 본 실험을 통하여 규명하였다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

In this paper, a finite element dynamic simulation study was performed to gain an insight about the blast wall test details for the offshore structures. The simulation was verified using qualitative and quantitative comparisons for different materials. Based on in-depth examination of blast simulation recordings, dynamic behaviors occurred in the blast wall against the explosion are determined. Subsequent simulation results present that the blast wall made of high energy absorbing high manganese steel performs much better in the shock absorption. In this paper, the existing finite element shock analysis using the LS-DYNA program is further extended to study the blast wave response of the corrugated blast wall made of the high manganese steel considering strain rate effects. The numerical results for various parameters are verified by comparing different material models with dynamic effects occurred in the blast wall from the explosive simulation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2000

In this study the structural design concepts of main parameters of a Cathode Ray Tube(CRT) such as frame spring and shadow mask were proposed to guarantee a failure-proof CRT under mechanical shock. With computer simulation and experiments some information on the structural design concept was obtained as followings: the frame and the shadow mask of the CRT needed designing to increase strength so double-beads shape at the corner of frame was newly designed for it, And the spring which interconnected frame with panel glass was required to deform elastically for the purpose of absorbing the shock energy in the direction of drop. A new type of spring 'twisting spring' was designed to achieve the flexibility in that direction. By using it the deformation energy of a shadow mask could reduced to some degree. To accomplish those simulations commerical codes Pam-Crash and I-DEAS were used and a typical CRT was analyzed as an example to prove the usefulness of this study.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

목적: 주관절 외상과염 환자에서 체외 충격파 시술의 에너지량에 따른 치료 효과를 전향적 무작위적 이중 맹검 비교 방법으로 분석해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 6개월 이상의 비수술적 치료로 호전이 없어, 체외 충격파 시술을 시행한 주관절 외상과염 환자들을 무작위적으로 각각 15명씩 저에너지군과 고에너지군으로 나누어 전향적 이중 맹검법으로 분석하였다. 모든 환자들은 1주 간격으로 총 3회 동안 체외 충격파 시술을 시행받았고, 평균 에너지량은 저에너지군이 $0.12 mJ/mm^2$, 고에너지군이 $0.24 mJ/mm^2$ 이었다. 시술 전과 시술 1개월, 3개월, 6개월에 각각 Upper extremity function score, Mayo elbow score를 측정하여 임상적 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 체외 충격파 시술 후 저에너지군과 고에너지군 모두에서 유의한 임상적 호전을 보였으며, 특히 시술 후 6개월에서 고에너지군이 통증의 호전이 유의하게 높았다(p=0.019). 체외 충격파 치료에 의한 치료 효과는 1개월 내의 단기 효과보다는 시술 후 1개월에서 6개월 사이에 주로 나타났다. 결론: 주관절 외상과염에서 체외충격파 치료는 에너지량에 상관없이 모두 유의한 치료 효과를 보였고, 특히 고에너지의 사용이 통증 조절에 보다 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2020

Chlorella sp. HS2, which previously showed excellent performance in phototrophic cultivation and has tolerance for wide ranges of salinity, pH, and temperature, was cultivated heterotrophically. However, this conventional medium has been newly optimized based on a composition analysis using elemental analysis and ICP-OES. In addition, in order to maintain a favorable dissolved oxygen level, stepwise elevation of revolutions per minute was adopted. These optimizations led to 40 and 13% increases in the biomass and lipid productivity, respectively (7.0 and 2.25 g l^-1d^-1 each). To increase the lipid content even further, 12 h heat shock at 50℃ was applied and this enhanced the biomass and lipid productivity up to 4 and 17% respectively (7.3 and 2.64 g l^-1d^-1, each) relative to the optimized conditions above, and the values were 17 and 14% higher than ordinary lipid-accumulating N-limitation (6.2 and 2.31 g l^-1d^-1). On this basis, heat shock was successfully adopted in novel Chlorella sp. HS2 cultivation as a lipid inducer for the first time. Considering its fast and cost-effective characteristics, heat shock will enhance the overall microalgal biofuel production process.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.581-594
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• 2018

This paper is the follow-on of a previous paper by the author where it was pointed out that the forthcoming, manned exploration missions to Mars, by means of complex geometry spacecraft, involve the study of phenomena like shock wave-boundary layer interaction and shock wave-shock wave interaction also along the entry path in Mars atmosphere. The present paper focuses the chemical effects both in the shock layer and on the surface of a test body along the Mars orbital entry and compares these effects with those along the Earth orbital re-entry. As well known, the Mars atmosphere is almost made up of Carbon dioxide whose dissociation energy is even lower than that of Oxygen. Therefore, although the Mars entry is less energized than the Earth re-entry, one can expect that the effects of chemistry on aerodynamic quantities, both in the shock layer and on a test body surface, are different from those along the Earth re-entry. The study has been carried out computationally by means of a direct simulation Monte Carlo code, simulating the nose of an aero-space-plane and using, as free stream parameters, those along the Mars entry and Earth re-entry trajectories in the altitude interval 60-90 km. At each altitude, three chemical conditions have been considered: 1) gas non reactive and non-catalytic surface, 2) gas reactive and non-catalytic surface, 3) gas reactive and fully-catalytic surface. The results showed that the number of reactions, both in the flow and on the nose surface, is higher for Earth and, correspondingly, also the effects on the aerodynamic quantities.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

열압축기는 고압 증기를 이용하여 저압 증기를 중간압으로 이송하는 일종의 이젝터이다. 이젝터에 대한 기존의 수치해석 연구는 대부분 작동유체를 이상기체로 취급하고 있으나 상변화가 발생하는 경우 이상기체 거동에서 크게 벗어날 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이상기체 상태방정식 대신 Redlich-Kwong 방정식을 적용하여 열압축기 내부 유동을 수치 해석하였고, realizable k-${\epsilon}$ 모델과 SST k-${\omega}$ 모델을 비교한 결과 SST k-${\omega}$ 모델이 shock diamond 패턴과 박리 및 난류경계층을 잘 예측하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 실제기체 상태방정식을 사용한 경우가 이상기체 상태방정식을 사용한 경우에 비해 상대적으로 디퓨저 입구 부분과 디퓨저 목부분에서 에너지 손실이 많은 것을 알 수 있었으며, 디퓨저 출구부분에서 shock train에 의한 압력상승은 상대적으로 적으나 pseudo shock에 의한 압력상승은동일한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한화약발파공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화약발파공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.119-140
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• 2006

발파를 통한 암반 굴착작업은 폭약의 폭발 시 발생하는 충격압과 가스압을 이용하여 암석을 파괴하며, 폭원으로 부터 3차원적으로 전파되어온 충격압에 의한 충격파는 발파에 의한 에너지의 $0.5{\sim}20%$가 탄성파의 형태로 균열대 외부의 지반속으로 전파되면서 공기매체를 타고 전달되는 것이 발파소음이다. 발파소음은 공기의 진동에 의한 음파 가운데 가청범위 ($20{\sim}20000Hz$)의 주파수를 갖는 충격성 소음으로 인체 감응에 의해 영향이 제기되는 것으로, 정신적 고통에 의한 민원발생으로 공사정지, 발파규모 축소 등으로 발파작업에 지장을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 터널발파작업에 따른 발파소음 저감을 위해 현장마다 설치하고 있는 방음시설의 설치시기와 설치방법 그리고 재질에 대하여 현장시공 사례를 통하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2015

Mitochondrial heat shock protein 75 (mtHSP75) is a member of the HSP90 family and plays essential roles in refolding proteins of the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria provide energy in the form of ATP and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are activated in response to stress, and protect cells. In this study, we characterized the mtHSP75 of the big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis. The protein (BsmtHSP75) is encoded by an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,157 nucleotides, has 719 amino acids (aa), and is of molecular mass 82 kDa. BsmtHSP75 has two functional domains, a histidine kinase-like ATPase (HATPase_c) domain (123-276 aa) and an HSP90 family domain (302-718 aa). BsmtHSP75 was expressed in all tested tissues of healthy seahorses. The ovary contained the highest transcription level, followed (in order) by the blood, brain, and muscle. Pouch tissue showed the lowest expression level. The expression of BsmtHSP75 was significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated on viral or bacterial challenge, suggesting that BsmtHSP75 plays a role in the immune defense against bacterial and viral pathogens.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.842-851
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• 2009

The long-term reliability of Sn-0.3wt%Ag-0.7wt%Cu solder joints was evaluated and compared with Sn-3.0wt%Ag-0.5wt%Cu under thermal shock conditions. Test vehicles were prepared to use Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys. To compare the shear strength of the solder joints, 0603, 1005, 1608, 2012, 3216 and 4232 multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors were used. A reflow soldering process was utilized in the preparation of the test vehicles involving a FR-4 material-based printed circuit board (PCB). To compare the shear strength degradation following the thermal shock cycles, a thermal shock test was conducted up to 2,000 cycles at temperatures ranging from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $85^{\circ}C$, with a dwell time of 30 min at each temperature. The shear strength of the solder joints of the chip capacitors was measured at every 500 cycles in each case. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of the solder joint interfaces werealso analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the reliability of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder joints was very close to that of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. Consequently, it was confirmed that Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder alloy with a low silver content can be replaced with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu.