• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.250-254
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• 2007

In an attempt to find ways of improving the quality of dried Shiitake mushroom, this study compared a conveyer-type far-infrared drying method with a traditional heated air drying method. The conveyer-type far-infrared dryer was performed at air velocity of 0.6 and 0.8 m/s under drying air temperature of 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Drying characteristics, antioxidant activities and the antioxidant compounds of Shiitake mushroom dried by far-infrared dryer were investigated. Generally, drying rate with the conveyer-type far-infrared drying method was faster than that with the traditional heated air drying method. In the conveyer type far infrared drying method, drying rates were increased with increasing temperature and air velocity. The loss of antioxidant activities during the conveyer-type far-infrared drying method at 60-0.6, 60-0.8, and $70^{\circ}C-0.6m/s$ was less than the traditional drying method. However, the loss of antioxidant activities at 70-0.8, 80-0.6, and $80^{\circ}C-0.8m/s$ was higher than that of the traditional drying method. Therefore, the conveyer type far infrared drying conditions with below $70^{\circ}C$ and 0.6 m/s air velocity may produce dried Shiitake mushroom with relatively higher antioxidant activities and antioxidant compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.233-240
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• 2002

표고버섯의 재배는 농촌 부업뿐만 아니라 농한기의 노동력 이용면에서 유리하고, 영양학적으로 혈압강하물질, 빈혈치료물질, 제암물질 등이 함유되어 있음이 밝혀져 영양식품, 또는 건강식품으로 그 진가를 더욱 평가받게 되었으며 주로 동양에서 많이 소비되었으나 서양에서도 소비가 증가하여 수요는 날로 증가하고 있어 표고재배 사업의 전망은 매우 밝다(이, 1982). 그러나 아직까지 고품질 버섯의 생산이나 버섯의 상품성을 높이기 위한 연구들은 미흡한 실정이다. 국내의 표고버섯은 생산량의 50% 이상이 건조되어 유통되므로 표고버섯의 건조특성에 관한 연구는 필수적이며 특히 건조 뿐 아니라 가공 및 저장의 가장 기초적인 자료로 이용되는 평형함수율에 관한 명확한 구명이 요구된다. (중략)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2002

Fresh Shiitake mushrooms were irradiated by UV-B or dried by using hot air to increase the vitamin D$_2$content. Vitamin D$_2$content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography Irradiating the inside of the mushroom cap was more effective in increasing vitamin D$_2$content than irradiating the outside of the mushroom cap. Irradiation of UV-B at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 J/㎠ increased the content of vitamin D$_2$in the mushroom to 21.51, 120.78, 144.38, 168.08, and 187.69 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively. Vitamin D$_2$content of Shiitake mushrooms with irradiation of 10 J/㎠ decreased from 187.69 to 98.78 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g by 6 hours of hot-air drying. When three kinds of drying method (UV-B irradiation followed by hot-air drying, hot-air drying, and sunlight drying) were compared, the combination of UV-B irradiation and hot-air drying was the most effective in terms of increasine the vitamin D$_2$content in the mushroom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1981

Dehydration phenomena has been studied for the shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes sanryun No.1, through which examine the effect of temperature and air velocity and derivation of its kinetics. Temperature effect for the dehydration rate constant were examined under the constant air velocity (1.5m/sec) with the variation of temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. Water content were reduced exponentially with the course of time and calculated dehydration rate constant values varies with temperature with an Arrhenius-type relationship, which had been expected in the chemical reaction kinetics. Influence of air velocity for the dehydration rate constant under the constant temperature $(45^{\circ}C)$ showed interesting results. For the range 1.0m/sec to 2.0m/sec, dehydration rate constant values are increased with the air velocity, but for the 2.0 to 3.1m/sec, dehydration rate constant values are decreased which were caused by case hardening. One of the selected conditions in the optimal dehydration range, temperature $50^{\circ}C$, air velocity 2m/see, and its measured humidity 38-41%, mathematical model of dehydration curve and dehydration rate equations were developed and the resulting kinetic models were X=6.94 $e^{-0.345t}$ and dx/dt = -2.39 $e^{-0.345t}$

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

This research studied the utilization of the bed log wastes as a papermaking grade pulp. Five different bed log samples from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing) cultivation were collected by the cultivating periods of 1 to 5 years. The wood chemical composition and the characteristics of kraft pulping of each sample were investigated. The results of chemical composition showed that the rate of carbohydrate (glucose and xylose) content in sapwood was decreased as the cultivation period was increased. In heartwood, there was no significant difference. The screening yield of non-cultivated bed log from kraft pulping was higher than that of cultivated one, but the reject of cultivated one, especially for 5 year-cultivated, was lower than non-cultivated bed log. The fiber length and width was continuously decreased as the cultivation period was increased. Therefore, the freeness of the pulp from the cultivated bed log was sharply decreased comparing to non-cultivated due to the fiber cutting and the increased fine content. The dry strengths were increased according to the increasing addition level of bed log kraft pulp to KOCC and non-cultivated wood pulp. From the overall results, the pulp from 5 years cultivated bed log can be reasonably used if it is mixed with long fiber pulp for advantages such as reducing beating time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

To investigate the anti-cancer effect of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) cultured in aloe-supplement, we treated extract of shiitake mushroom cultured in aloe-supplement (ESA) to MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. ESA-treated MDA-MB-231 cells showed decreased growth rate in XTT assay. In addition migration/invasion was noticeably inhibited by ESA in TNF-${\alpha}$-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the molecular mechanism of cell migration/invasion was mediated by reduced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression via p-ERK signal transduction pathways. We found ESA had inhibition activity against cellular growth and migration/invasion. Taken together, ESA has putative anti-cancer activity against human breast cancer.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

To minimize cultivation costs, prevent insect-pest infestation, and improve the production efficiency of thermophilic mushrooms, plant substrates obtained from local areas in Cambodia were used for production of both spawn and mushrooms. In this experiment, different sawdusts different organic wastes and grain ingredients and analyzed for improvement of spawn-production efficiency. Four thermophilic mushroom species, Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom, Sambok), Ganoderma lucidum (deer horn shaped), Auricularia auricula (ear mushroom), and Lentinula edodes (shiitake), were used to identify efficient new substrates for spawn and mushroom production. Although the mycelia in the rubber tree sawdust medium showed a slightly slower growth rate (10.9 cm/15 days) than mycelia grown in grains (11.2 cm/15 days in rice seeds), rubber tree sawdust appeared to be an adequate replacement for grain spawn substrates. Th findings indicate that rubber tree sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and acacia tree sawdust supplemented with rice bran and calcium carbonate could be new alternative the substrates for. Although sugarcane bagasse and rubber tree sawdust showed similarly high biological efficiencies (BE) of 60% and 60.8%, respectively, acacia tree sawdust exhibited relatively a low biological efficiency of 22.4%. However, it is expected that acacia sawdust has potential for the mushroom cultivation when supplemented with currently used sawdust substrates in Cambodia, because of its relatively low price. The price of the sawdust (20 kg sawdust= 6500 Riel or 1.6 USD) currently used was 6.5 times higher than the price of acacia sawdust (201000 Riel or 0.25 USD). Therefore, utilization for acacia sawdust for mushroom cultivation could become feasible as it would reduce by producing costs of mushrooms in rural areas of Cambodia.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.120-128
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• 2012

Recently sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is increasing. It is important to make mycelia to be brown on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. In order to isolate genes which related to brown color formation, differential display method was used. Two cDNA fragments obtained by DD-PCR were 1.2 and 1.6kb and these were expressed in white colored mycelia from L. edodes, but not brown colored mycelia. Partial sequencing of these cDNA fragments showed that the 1.6kb cDNA had 100% identity with the microsatellites gene from Dugenia polichroa. However, the other 1.2kb cDNA fragment had poly T tail on 3' region of partial open reading frame on 5' region. The new primer designed based on the sequence of 1.2kb cDNA was constructed. RT-PCR analysis using the newly designed 0.12kb cDNA specific primer showed that the gene was only expressed in white color mycelia, but not in brown color mycelia. Sequence analysis of 5' region of this 1.2kb cDNA revealed that this gene contained partial open reading frame consisted of 110 amino acid. Homology search using DNASIS database showed that this gene had high sequence homology of 66.7% in DNA level and 69.2 % in amino acid level with dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene from Arabidopsis thaliata. The dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases gene was known to be function to have tolerance with oxidation stress. These results strongly suggest that this gene isolated from white mycelia of L. edodes might have a function of repressor against mycelia browning. Therefore I designated this gene as BCR (Brown Color Repressor) gene.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.828-832
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• 1990

Pileus and stipe extracts of shiitake mushroom were prepared with various ethanol concentration by different extraction time at $60^{\circ}C$. Yields, total reducing sugars, free amino acids and nucleotides in ultrafiltrated extracts were analyzed. Yields were higher in hot water extracts but there was no difference depending on changes of extraction time. Total reducing sugar contents got higher by hot water extraction than by solvent extraction. In hot water extracts of the pileus and stipe, reducing sugar content were in the range of $416.18{\sim}488.18\;mg%\;and\;435.37{\sim}452.12\;mg%$, respectively. Threonine+serine, glutamic acid, lysine and arginine were dominent in the free amino acids pool of raw material. The contents of free amino acids in hot water extracts of pileus and stipe were about 528.46mg% in 2 hr and 221.01 mg% in 3 hr. The proportion of bitter amino acids in extracts to total free amino acid contents was in the range of $16{\sim}29%,\;35{\sim}37%$ in pileus and stipe extracts, respectively. Nucleotides contents were higher in pileus than in the stipe. When the 25% ethanol solution was used for extraction solvent, nucleotides contents in pileus and stipe extracts was high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 1985

The properties of lipids in cap and stalk of 'Koshin' (Shiitake, Lentinus edodes, withxpanded cap) were studied. It was also carried out that the characteristics of lipids in fresh 'Donko'(unexpanded cap) and the changes of lipids in those samples by various drying process. The total lipid (TL) content in the cap and stalk of 'Koshin' were 4.58% and 2.65% respectively. It was found that the contents of neutral lipids (NL, $46.7{\sim}48.8%$) and phospholipids (PL, $42.0{\sim}43.8%$) were high, while that of glycolipids(GL, $9.2{\sim}9.5%$) was low. The main lipid in NL was triacylglycerol (TG, $58.0{\sim}58.5%$) followed by sterolester (SE, $16.9{\sim}17.4%$), sterol (ST, $15.6{\sim}16.4%$), diacylglycerol (DG, $5.8{\sim}6.0%$) and monoacylglcerol (MG, $1.1{\sim}1.3%$). The main lipids in PL was phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE, $58.3{\sim}6.02%$) followed by phosphatidyl choline (PC, $17.3{\sim}19.5%$), cardiolipin (CA, $12.8{\sim}14.0%$) and lyso-phophatidyl choline (LPD, $4.8{\sim}6.6%$). Fatty acid composition was significantly different among TL, NL, GL and PL contained in cap and stalk. The main fatty acids was $C_{18:2}$ followed by $C_{16:0}$ and $C_{18:1}$ acids. The TL contents in cap and stalk of fresh 'Donko' were 3.7% and 2.5%. The changes of TL contents, PoV by drying were not almost observed. AV(acid value) of TL in the sun dried samples was a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried samples, on the contrary NL content in TL of the former was a little higher than those of the latters. The main lipid in NL of the three samples was TG followed by SE, ST, DG, MG and free fatty acid (FFA). In the above lipids, FFA contents in NL of the sun dried sample was a little higher than those of the fresh and hot air dried samples, but TG content in NL of former was a little lower than those of the latters. The main lipid in GL of the three samples was digalactosydiglycerol (DGDG) followed by acylsterylglucoside(ASG), sterylglucoside (SG), monogalactosyldiglycerol (MGD) and cerebroside (CER). Influence of drying on these lipid content were nol almost recognized. The main lipid in PL of the three samples was PE followed by PC, CA, LPC and phosphat idyl serine (PS). In the above lipids, PE and PC contents in PL of the sun dried one were a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried ones. The main fatty acid in TL, NL, GL and PL of the three samples was $C_{18:2}$ followed by $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1}$. The $C_{18:2}$ acid contents of the sun dried sample was a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried ones, while $C_{16:0}$ content of the former was a little higher than those of the former was a little lower than those of the latters.