• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.26-34
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• 1999

This paper was intended to find out the relationship between optical and interior properties of coated paper and printability with the variation of particle size of ground calcium carbonate(GCC) by using Mercury Porosimeter, and to find out the pore properties of coated paper as well. The viscosity and water retention of coating color was increased and smothness, sheet gloss and porosity of coated paper were improved as the particle size of GCC was decreased. However, there was no difference in opacity and brightness of coated paper. The pore volume of coated paper was decreased, but the number of pores was drastically increased according to the decrease of the particle size of GCC. The weight of ink transferred into coated paper was increased in proportion to pore volume of coated paper. However, the weight of damping water and ink induced toward coated paper was slightly increased. Ink setting was accelerated printing gloss was not changed. Therefore, optical and interior properties of coated paper seemed to be affected by the pore property of coated paper and printability was also affected by it.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.588-593
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• 2012

불포화 폴리에스터(unsaturated polyester, UP)와 저수축제(low profile agent, LPA), 폴리스틸렌(polystyrene, PS)과의 compatibility가 불포화 폴리에스터와 저수축제의 비율, 혼합시간, 혼합온도 그리고 추가로 투입되는 불포화 폴리에스터 수지량과 같은 다양한 조건하에서 확인되었다. 1단계로 1700 rpm의 교반속도에서 제조된 수지 혼합액의 경우, 불포화 폴리에스터 수지(unsaturated polyester resin, UPR) 투입량 25 g, 약 $30^{\circ}C$의 반응온도에서 상대적으로 작은 입자 크기 및 상분리율을 나타내었다. 2단계 수지 혼합액의 경우, 2차로 투입된 45 g의 불포화 폴리에스터 수지 혼합액에서 향상된 compatibility를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 혼합조건이 불포화 폴리에스터 수지와 저수축제 혼합액의 compatibility에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 상기조건을 통해 제조된 sheet molding compound (SMC)를 사용해서 만든 샘플은 흡수율, 수축율 및 광택도에서 향상된 결과를 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

Korea traditional handmade paper, Hanji, has been known for more than thousand years for its high strength, high whiteness, high gloss, good ink reception and long lasting quality. Main component fiber of the Hanji is called 'Dak', which is the bast fiber of the Korea paper mulberry ($\textit{Broussonetia kazinoki}$). Dak has long fiber length, and high cellulose DP, if processed properly. The quality of Hanji is partly from the superior quality of Dak over wood fiber, and partly from the traditional papermaking process. The traditional papermaking process includes pulping, bleaching, refining, use of natural polymer, and sheet making process. Every traditional process has its special role. Comparisons between the modern papermaking technology and the traditional process were made in this study. The traditional process effectively protected cellulose DP in pulping and bleaching process, protected fiber length in refining process, and developed the high strength in the sheet forming process over the modern papermaking process.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2006

Today's requirements for print-press runnability and print quality demand an optimised absorption and adhesion of printing ink on the paper surface. Modern coating concepts for high glossing offset grades use ultra fine pigments, whereas binder level has continuously been decreased to a minimum in recent years to achieve the highest possible sheet gloss development and for economical reasons. Both the ultra fine pigments and the reduced binder levels lead in many cases to a faster ink setting rate. On the other hand, matt paper grades use relatively coarse pigments leading to a slow ink setting compared to the high glossing papers. Both too fast and too slow ink setting properties implicate drawbacks in print quality and print press runnability. The mechanisms behind the interactions between ink and coating have been presented in many previous publications. The purpose of this study was to determine and quantify how the ink setting rate is influenced by pigment system (GCC and GCC/clay blends), latex level and latex properties in the topcoat of double coated sheet fed offset paper. The roles of binder level and type in the precoat were also assessed. The effect of calendering (temperature and pressure) was studied with one formulation. The resulting ink setting characteristics were tested using three different laboratory testing instruments. The correlation amongst the different laboratory testing methods is discussed. The results show that by varying the latex properties, the pigment system and/or latex addition level, the ink tack development of ink applied to a topcoat pigment system can be significantly influenced. It can be slowed down as often desired with ultra fine pigments or speeded up in the case of coarse pigments. There was no visible effect on the ink setting rate by using different binder systems in the precoat..

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구에서는 안경테 가공공정별 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(CA) 판재의 물성을 분석 함으로써 최종 완제품의 물성 최적화를 위해 가공조건과 CA판재 물성과의 상관관계를 조사하는 것을 연구목적으로 한다. 방법: 안경테 가공공정별 CA 판재의 물성 변화를 확인하기 위해, 벤딩 공정, 바렐 공정 및 초음파 세척공정과 동일한 조건에서 제조된 판재의 물성이 평가되었다. 일련의 공정을 통해 제조된 판재의 물성은 광택도, 기계적 물성, 및 열적 특성을 통해 비교 분석되었다. 결과: 바렐 공정을 거친 CA 판재의 경우, 경도 및 기계적 물성이 증가함을 확인하였으며, 반면, 굽힘 강도 및 충격강도의 감소를 보였다. 이는 공정을 거치면서 CA 판재가 brittle한 특성을 보임을 의미한다. 또한 열분석 결과, 가소제 분해 온도 영역에서, 약 3% 내외의 가소제 감량을 확인하였다. 결론: 안경테 가공공정 중 바렐 공정이 CA 판재 물성에 급격한 영향을 미침을 확인하였고, 이는 가소제 총량의 감량에 기인한 현상으로 판단된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

The number of elderly who wants to access to Nursing Homes (NH) will increase due to the rapid aging society and domestic changes. Those who move into NH expect 24/7 care service in safe environment. Providing space free from danger, especially from fall, for the frail elderly is essential. The purpose of this study is to categorize performance needs of flooring materials in the aspect of safety, and analyze materials so that adequate ones for each space in NH can be suggested. Performance needs are as follows; slip resistance (dry/wet), fire resistance, resilience, water resistance, soil retardant, anti-bacterial, gloss, sound absorbtion. maintenance, durability, ease replacement, color and pattern variety, visual and tactual texture, tactile warmth, IAQ, sustainable material (before use), impact to nature (after use). They are categorized under function, economy, sensibility and sustainability. It was found that there are better materials than common ones that has been used repeatedly in NHs, such as vinyl sheets and VCT. In overall, Cork flooring and nylon carpet met all four categories, followed by wool carpet, rubber and linoleum. For bedroom, wood flooring, Cork, rubber, wool carpet, nylon carpets were suggested. In bathroom with shower, rubber, vinyl sheet and porcelain tiles were safe materials. As living/dining room and corridor floors, wool carpet, nylon carpet, cork flooring would be excellent as they are resilient and durable. The result of this paper can be used by both NH managers and material companies, resulting better quality of life of the elderly by providing safe environment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 1999

The binder plays important roles in determining the quality of pigment coating. In addition to its primary role of binding the pigment to the base paper, the binder performs several other important functions. The binder, also referred to as the adhesive, is the dominant in the aqueous phase of the formulation. Thus it plays a major role in determining viscosity, rheology, water release, and setting time for the coating. Latices based on styrene-butadiene dominate the market for synthetic paper coating binders. Consumption is high and is expected to increase further due to the present tendeyncy toward high-solids coating. The purpose of this study is understanding the impact of various parameters of latex(i.e. Tg, Particle size) affecting prontabilities and optical properties of the coated papers, as well as providing basic information on the use of amphoteric latex for improving print qualities of coated papers. Recently, amphoteric latices, Which are cationic at low pH's but turn anionic at high pH's have attracted interests of paper scientists and engineers. Therefore we investigated the effect of the Tg(glass transition temperature) and particle size of amphoteric latex on the coating qualities. We also studied the effect of mixing ratios (Amphoteric / Anionic)of latex on the coating qualities. Our results showed that Tg and particle size of amphoteric latex have to be controlled for optimizing coated paper qualities. The formulation consisting of 10 parts of amphoteric latex and 5 parts of anionic latex gave best results in ink receptivity, smoothness, air permeability, opacity and sheet gloss. If the results hold for the industrial paper coatings, the amount of expensive amphoteric latex can be reduced while achieving best available printing quality.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2003

Surface properties, including the texture and the luster, of cotton fibers and yarns thereof play an important role in textile technology. The convolutions and the cross-sectional shape of the cotton fiber affect the fabric texture and the luster accordingly. Mercerization of the cotton fabric affects the luster, strength, and other properties of the fabric. In this study, the effect of mercerization was examined on the luster of the cotton fabric, together with the effect of polishing treatment. One of the traditional methods determining the fabric luster is the use of glossmeter or goniometric glossmeter. The use of glossmeter gives successful results in determining the gloss of rather flat and continuous surface such as plastic sheet, painted surface, or paper products. Since the textile fabrics have diverse surface structures and textures, these could be regarded as having three-dimensional surface. Such complexity imposes some difficulties for differentiating subtle surface luster properties of diverse textile fabrics. The advancement in the area of imaging technologies has enabled the micro-scale analysis of the surface textures and the fabric luster recently. Using a CCD camera, the surface luster images were taken at various incident illumination conditions. Microscale analysis, including the blob analysis, of the images could differentiate the subtle luster properties present in a group of cotton fabric samples comprising mercerized cotton fabric, non-mercerized cotton fabric, polished cotton fabric, and a 'standard' cotton fabric. The glossmeter measurement gave satisfactory but limited differentiation among the samples, whose luster differences are easily recognizable with visual observation, except for the mercerized cotton fabric sample and the non-mercerized cotton fabric. The microscale analysis of the fabric luster could, therefore, help understand the nature of diverse textile fabric luster.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.995-1010
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• 2020

In this study, a multivariate analysis model of partial least square regression (PLSR) was developed to predict the moisture content of green peppers using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). In HSI, illumination is essential for high-quality image acquisition and directly affects the analytical performance of the visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (VIS/NIR-HSI) system. When green pepper images were acquired using a direct lighting system, the specular reflection from the surface of the objects and their intensities fluctuated with time. The images include artifacts on the surface of the materials, thereby increasing the variability of data and affecting the obtained accuracy by generating false-positive results. Therefore, images without glare on the surface of the green peppers were created using a polarization filter at the front of the camera lens and by exposing the polarizer sheet at the front of the lighting systems simultaneously. The results obtained from the PLSR analysis yielded a high determination coefficient of 0.89 value. The regression coefficients yielded by the best PLSR model were further developed for moisture content mapping in green peppers based on the selected wavelengths. Accordingly, the polarization filter helped achieve an uniform illumination and the removal of gloss and artifact glare from the green pepper images. These results demonstrate that the HSI technique with a polarized lighting system combined with chemometrics can be effectively used for high-throughput prediction of moisture content and image-based visualization.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 cellulose acetate/poly ethylene glycol(CA/PEG) 안경테용 판재의 심입가공성을 향상시키기 위하여 심입가공온도 영역에서 비교적 높은 비열을 갖는 친환경 가소제인 triacetin을 2차 가소제로 도입함으로써 가공 효율이 향상 된 친환경 안경테 판재를 제조하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 전체 가소제의 양을 CA 대비 30 wt%로 고정하고 1차 가소제인 PEG와 2차 가소제인 triacetin의 함량을 조절하여 제조된 CA/PEG/triacetin 조성물의 비열 및 열적특성을 분석하고, 다양한 기계적 물성과 광학적 특성의 비교분석을 통해 우수한 가공성을 갖는 안경테 소재를 위한 최적의 가소제 조성을 결정하였다. 결과: Triacetin 도입을 통해 CA 판재의 비열 상승을 확인하였으며, triacetin 함량비가 증가할수록 유리전이온도(Tg)가 낮아지고 심입가공성의 척도가 되는 감온속도의 감소를 확인하였다. 또한 기존의 CA/PEG 안경테 소재와 비교 시 우수한 광택특성 및 경도를 확인하였으며, 동등수준 이상의 기계적 물성을 보임을 확인하였다. 결론: PEG/triacetin의 투입비율을 조절하여 심입가공성을 향상시키고, 안경테 판재로 사용되기 적합한 물성 및 특유의 광택과 우수한 심미성을 만족하는 CA 판재를 제조할 수 있다.