• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

A new method called S-SRICOS is proposed to predict the local scour depth around bridge piers. The S-SRICOS method is a simplified version of the SRICOS method which was developed to predict the scour depth versus time curve around bridge piers. The SRICOS method which considers the time effect based on the soil properties and the hydraulic parameters can handle a multi-flood hydrograph and multi-layer soil systems with the SRICOS program. An attempt was made to simplify the method to the point where only hand calculations would be required. The concept of the equivalent time was developed leer this purpose. The S-SROICOS method requires only 4 parameters such as pier width, design bridge life, design velocity corresponding to the design bridge life, and initial scour rate of the soil. The S-SRICOS method was verified against 55 cases of the scour depth results using the SRICOS method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2012

Various human host cell lines, which are more effective than the other original human cell lines, have been developed and used. Highly efficient human cell line can be obtained from the fusion between human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) and human Burkitt's lymphoma cells (Namalwa). Fused cell line has the advantages of both cell lines such as the high transfection efficacy of HEK293 cells and the constitutive expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome which is related with high expression of target protein and anti-apoptotic growth of Namalwa cells. In this study, characterization of two original cell lines was performed by using design of experiment (DOE) considering cell maintenance, media development, optimization of culture condition, and scale-up. The formation of aggregates was apparent with high glutamine concentration at more than 6 mM. Supplementation of hydrolysates showed positive effects on the growth performances of HEK293 cells. On the contrary, Namalwa cells showed negative results. It was confirmed that Namalwa cells were more sensitive to lower temperature at $35^{\circ}C$ and hyperosmotic condition over 260 mOsm/kg. In addition, both cell lines showed limited growth in 3-L bioreactor due to shear stress.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2002

The impact-echo test, which is to evaluate the integrity of concrete and masonry structures nondestructively, is an excellent method in the practical application. However, there are cases that the Impact-Echo testing nay result in the low reliability. In this study, the reliability of the Impact-Echo testing was investigated through the numerical simulation of the Impact-Echo testing. The finite element analysis and the analysis based on the dynamic stiffness matrix method was incorporated for the numerical simulation, in which the cases of a sandwiched shear stiffness, an incr＋easing or decreasing stiffness, and a homogeneous stiffness. Based on the results of the analysis were considered, this study proposed the approaches to Improve the reliability of the Impact-Echo testing.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2 s.28
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• pp.1-21
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• 1998

In this paper, a non-conforming 3-D 8-node solid element(MQM10) has beets applied to the analyses of static and dynamic bending problems of laminated composite plates The QM10 element exhibits stiffer bending stiffness which is caused by the reduction of degree of freedom from Q11 element. As an effective way to correct the relative stiffness stiffening phenomenon the modification of Gauss sampling points for composite plates is proposed. The quantity of modification is a function of material properties. Also, another two modified equations are obtained, one is modification for stress, and the other is modification of coefficient of shear modulus in free vibration. It is noted that MQM10 element can analyse the static and free vibration problems of various 3-dimensional composite plates composed of unidirectional laminae, woven laminae or braided laminae. The results of MQM10 element are in good agreement with those of 20-node element.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

This paper presents an optimization procedure for performance improvement of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. Optimization techniques based on response surface approximation (RSA) are employed to improve the aerodynamic performance of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. For numerical analysis, three-dimensional Renolds- averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with shear stress transport turbulence model are discretized by using finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to evaluate the total efficiency at the operating condition as the objective function. Four geometric variables defining the meridional length and the thickness profile at the hub and shroud in the jet fan rotor are selected as design variables for the numerical optimization. The results of the numerical optimization show that the total efficiency of the optimized model is significantly improved in comparison with the base model.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

The present study numerically simulates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of rib-induced secondary flow in a cooling channel with staggered V-shaped ribs, extruded on both walls. The rib pitch-to-height ratio (p/h) varies from 2.8 to 10 with the rib-height-to-hydraulic diameter ration ($h/D_h$) of 0.07 and the Reynolds number of 50,000. Shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is used as a turbulence model. Computational results show that complex secondary flow patterns are generated in the duct due to the snaking flow in the streamwise direction for all tested cases. In the range of p/h=5 to 10 the staggered V-shaped rib gives about 3 times higher heat transfer augmentation than the reference smooth channel with high heat transfer on both front side and the area around the leading edge of the ribs, while the former cases give about 2.5 times higher streamwise pressure drop than the latter ones. Consequently, for the thermal performances, based on the equal pumping power condition, the staggered ones give about 2 times higher values than the latter ones with more uniform heat transfer distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.100-103
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• 2004

In this work, the effects of oxy-fluorination on surface characteristics of carbon fibers were investigated in mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibers-reinforced composites. The surface properties of the carbon fibers were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR. and contact angle measurements. And their mechanical interfacial properties of the composites were studied in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and critical stress intensity factor $(K_{IC})$. As experimental results, the $F_{1S}/C_{1S}$ ratio of carbon fiber surfaces was increased by oxy-fluorination, due to the development of the oxygen containing functional groups. The mechanical interfacial properties of the composites, including ILSS and $K_{IC}$, had been improved in the oxy-fluorination on fibers. These results could be explained that the oxy-fluorination was resulted in the increase of the adhesion between fibers and matrix in a composite system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1761-1772
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• 2005

In blood flow passing through the mechanical heart valve (MHV) and elastic blood vessel, hemolysis and platelet activation causing thrombus formation can be seen owing to the shear stress in the blood. Also, fracture and deformation of leaflets can be observed depending on the shape and material properties of the leaflets which is opened and closed in a cycle. Hence, comprehensive study is needed on the hemodynamics which is associated with the motion of leaflet and elastic blood vessel in terms of fluid-structure interaction. In this paper, a numerical analysis has been performed for a three-dimensional pulsatile blood flow associated with the elastic blood vessel and curved bileaflet for multiple cycles in light of fluid-structure interaction. From this analysis fluttering phenomenon and rebound of the leaflet have been observed and recirculation and regurgitation have been found in the flow fields of the blood. Also, the pressure distribution and the radial displacement of the elastic blood vessel have been obtained. The motion of the leaflet and flow fields of the blood have shown similar tendency compared with the previous experiments carried out in other studies. The present study can contribute to the design methodology for the curved bileaflet mechanical heart valve. Furthermore, the proposed fluid-structure interaction method will be effectively used in various fields where the interaction between fluid flow and structure are involved.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.349-354
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• 2001

The split Hopkinson pressure bar has been used for a high strain rate impact test. Also it has been developed and modified for compression, shear, tension, elevated temperature and subzero tests. In this paper, SHPB compression tests have been performed with pure titanium at elevated temperatures. The range of temperature is from room temperature to $1000^{\circ}C$ with interval of $200^{\circ}C$. To raise temperature of the specimen, a radiant heater which is composed of a pair of ellipsoidal cavities and halogen lamps is developed at high temperature SHPB test. There are some difficulties in a high temperature test such as temperature gradient, lubrication and prevention of oxidation of specimen. The temperature gradient of specimen is affected by the variation of temperature. Barreling occurred at not properly lubricated specimen. Stress-strain relations of pure titanium have been obtained in the range of strain rate at $1900/sec{\sim}2000/sec$ and temperature at $25^{\circ}C{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2014

The centrifugal oil purifier is used in an engine for lubrication and to remove impurities. The momentum needed for the rotation of the cylindrical chamber is obtained by jet injections. An impure particle in the oil is separated by the centrifugal forces moving to the inner wall of the rotating cylindrical chamber body. The dust particles are eliminated when the particles are absorbed onto the surface of the inner wall of the chamber body. The flow characteristics and the physical behaviors of particles in this centrifugal oil purifier were investigated numerically and the filtration efficiencies was evaluated. For calculations, a commercial code is used and the SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model has been adopted. The MFR (Multi Frames of Reference) method is introduced to consider the rotating effect of the flows. Under various variables, such as particle size, particle density and rotating speed, the filtration efficiencies are evaluated. It has been verified that the filtration efficiency is increased with the increments in the particle size, the particle density and the rotating speed of the cylindrical chamber.