• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.84-86
• /
• 2014

Mass production of biocontrol agent is an essential step for its commercial use. Media composition and culture conditions for production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SKU-78, a potential biocontrol agent against bacterial wilts, were optimized by a flask culture. Low cost media combining nitrogen and carbon sources were tested. Maximum cell growth (> $2{\times}10^9$ CFU/ml) was obtained in a medium of 5% soy flour combined with 3% corn starch after 24 h cultivation. The optimum initial pH, temperature and shaking speed was 5.5, $30^{\circ}C$ and 150-250 rpm, respectively. Fermentation of SKU-78 was scaled up in 30 L fermenter and the profiles of cell density, pH, dissolved oxygen and spore formation were recorded. After 8 h lag phase, exponential growth occurred and reached at maximum viable cell number ($1.2{\times}10^{11}$ CFU/ml) after 20 h. The SKU-78 strain grown in a low cost medium exhibited the high suppression of bacterial wilts. The results indicate that SKU-78 strain can be produced in a low cost medium and provide a basis for scaling up to industrial level.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 1997

A yeast, Torulopsis bombicola, was cultured in the media fortified with soybean oil as a additional carbon source for 7 days with reciprocal shaking. From the culture broth, sophorose-lipid was isolated and treated with alkali to afford sophorose. The sophorose contained in the medium was acetylated and isolated through silica gel column chromatography. The aceylated sophorose was hydrolyzed with 5% KOH at room temperature to give rise to sophorose. Meanwhile, the MeOH extracts obtained from the pod of Sophora japonica was solvent-fractionated with n-BuOH and $H_2O$, and butanolic layer was chromatographed on silica gel column to afford a flavonoide-glycoside. The glycoside was hydrolyzed with 0.02 N $H_2SO_4$ to yield sophorose.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.294-301
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have described the importance of microbes and enzymes that can compost food waste. This study was carried out to improve production of protease of isolated microbes from food waste. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven bacteria isolated from various sources were screened for protease production by adding skim milk into the agar medium. About 7 microbes producing protease were tested, and strain JH-35 showed the highest protease activity among them. The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JH-35 based on morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA. In the fermentation experiment, the assay B. amyloliquefaciens JH-35 showed the highest protease activity in the condition of 1% glucose, 1.5% yeast extract and 0.2%$ K_2HPO_4$. The optimal condition of culture with temperature $35^{\circ}C$, initial pH of 7 and shaking speed of 200 rpm and 24 hr. CONCLUSION: The protease of the B. amyloliquefaciens JH-35 had its activity at pH 7 and the optimal culture time was 24 hr. Also, B. amyloliquefaciens JH-35 was high salt tolerance. Our results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens JH-35 from food waste may have the potential to degrade protein and carbohydrate in food waste.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1983

Enterotoxigenic E. coli is one of causative agents of the infantile diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. A modified infant mouse assay(IMA) was developed for the detection of heat stable enterotoxin (ST) of E. coli isolated from diarrheal and control infants and assay system was established with using enterotoxin producing reference strains. The supernatant of the 24 hour-shaking culture of E. coli in Casamino Acid Yeast Extract Salt Broth(CYES-2) was ingested orally into the 2-4 day old ICR mice. After the mice were kept at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, they were sacrificed and the gut weight body weight ratio(GW/BW) was taken as the index of fluid accumulation induced by heat stable enterotoxin of E. coli. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The GW/BW responses of IMA tested with enterotoxin reference strains of E. coli(E. coli O148H28:$ST^+LT^+$, E. coli $O78H^-:ST^+LT^+$, E. coli O15H11:$ST^-LT^+$, E. coli O1H7:$ST^-LT^-$) appeared ta be ST dose-dependent, and not LT-dependent. From the dose-response curve, $25{\mu}l$ of culture supernatant was determined as test amount of the IMA. 2. Frequency distribution of IMA result from 643 strain of E. coli showed normal distribution at low GW/BW ratio and dispersed pattern at high GW/BW ratio. The GW/BW ratios of $0.056{\pm}0.004(mean{\pm}SD)$ of normal distribution which distributed from 0.044 to 0.068(P<0.01) was considered as ST negative. Thus the GW/BW ratio above 0.069 could be regarded as ST positive.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 1983

The proteolytic bacteria were isolated from the market foods such as ground beef, cooked shrimp meat, perch fillet, oyster meat, beef with textured vegetable protein and fish digest distributed at supermarket in Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. Two hundred and twenty-eight strains($30.8\%$) have proteolytic activity from 740 strains isolated from the examined samples and the strongest proteolytic strain among them was identified as a Streptococcus sp. Its maximum growth was showed at about 6 hours culture at $37^{\circ}C$ with shaking incubator in the medium added $0.15\%$ potassium phosphate monobasic and $0.4\%$ potassium phosphate dibasic, while the strongest activity of its extracellular protease was observed after 7 hours culture. The exoenzyme produced by the Streptococcus sp. was observed as a metal chelator sensitive protease, which are strongly inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline but not affected by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2017

In modern society, the succession and development of tradition can be an enabler of the state in the flow of culture, and the process of modernizing traditional costumes is meaningful work. Neckties are essential in modern Korean men's wear, and they are an important part of men's ornamentation. Accordingly, this study aims to present a necktie design that applies the traditional men's ornaments such as the Ip, Ipyoung and Manggeonsik. The research method is based on a literature review and presents four Korean necktie designs via Adobe Illustrations. As a result of analyzing the beauty of the traditional Korean men's ornamentation, it was categorized into rhythmical beauty, emphasis beauty, and natural beauty. Applying this to necktie design, Design 1 imagined the silhouette of a man wearing a Got and Durumagi. This applied emphasis beauty. Design 2 applied the shaking images of Got and Got-kkeun to apply rhythmical and emphasis beauty. Design 3 applied a man's upper body silhouette and the shape of wearing a Got. This was to apply natural beauty and emphasis beauty. Design 4 applied the shape of Got-kkeun and Gwanja to rhythmical beauty and natural beauty. The significance of this study is that the development of necktie designs using formative Korean elements can be a part of efforts to recognize the possibility of traditional Korean culture and to explore developmental directions under the current situation in which Western clothing is accepted without thought. It is a good idea to suggest the possibility of the modern use of Korean men's ornaments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 1998

The strain producing biosurfactant was isolated from soil smples. The isolated strain was identified as the genus Nocardia through its morphological, cultural and physiolgical characteristics. A high concentration of the biosurfactant by Nocardia sp. L-417 was obtained after 4 days of cultivation in the culture medium containing 3% n-hexadecane, 0.1% $NaNO_3$, 0.02% $K_2HOP_4$, 0.01% $H_2PO_4$, 0.01% $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$, 0.01% $CaCl_2$, 0.02% yeast extract, and 0.02% tryptone. The optimum pH and temperature for biosurfactant production were pH 6.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Furthermore, most biosurfactans were produced during the exponential growth phase, and this fact indicated that the biosurfactans production was growth-associated. The biosurfactant showed the good emulsification activities on various emulsifying substrates such as bunker A, paraffin, corn oil which are used widely in industries.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2007

Two isolates of Tricholoma matsutake T-008 and T-034, preserved in Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC) of Korea, were used in the present study. The isolates had 100% Bootstrap homology with Tricholoma matsutake U62964 and T. matsutake AB188557 and AF309538 preserved in Gene Bank of NCBI. Mycelial growth of T. matsutake was highest in TMM and MYA at $25^{\circ}C$. The highest dry wt. of mycelium was obtained after 65 days of culture, when 6 mycelial discs were inoculated in 100 ml of broth in 250 ml shaking flask. Mycelial mats were observed in clumped condition at the inoculation sites of pine forest after two weeks of inoculation. After 5 months of inoculation, mycelia mats were observed growing inside soil and walls of a few inoculation sites, while mycelial mats growth up to $5{\sim}8$ cm were observed in the roots of pine tree after 6 months. The survival rate of the inoculum was about 40% of the total inoculation sites. The survival rate was found below 20% when the mycelium was inoculated in the summer. The reasons for low survival rates of the mycelium were mainly due to dry season and the soil-borne small animals such as earthworm and mole. After one year of inoculation, no external difference was observed between the artificially inoculated mycelia and the naturally existing mycelia of T. matsutake. The present study showed that fruiting bodies of T. matsutake could be produced by artificial inoculation under the appropriate environmental conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.254-259
• /
• 1994

The ever increasing demand for energy and the shortage of resources all over the world have generated interest in recycling renewable sources such as lignocelluloses which otherwise would go to waste and cause environmental pollution. Lignin is the incrustation material for cellulose and hemicellulose, therefore, cellulose and hemicellulose are not easily degraded. Recycling lignocellulosic wastes as agricultural material are benefit to everybody and everything. In order to improve ligninase and laccase production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, BKM-F-1767 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, FP 90031-SP, were compared. The ligninase activity of P. chrysosporium was maximum on day 4.5 of shaking culture at 150 rpm 2.5 cm in a back and forth cycle. The laccase activity of C. subvermispora was maximum on day 5.5 for 2% malt extract+0.1% yeast extract+0.1% Tween 20+6 mM Benzyl alcohol culture medium at stationary state.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 1975

The possibility of using tapioca pellets as a raw material in glutanmic acid fermentation by Microcuccus glutamicus is shown. The ground pellets were diluted with water to 20％ solid level and treated with $\alpha$-anylase prepared from a thermophilic Actinomycetes strain culture for 90 min at 85$^{\circ}C$ under pH 6.0. The liquefied solution was further saccharified with commercial glucoamylase for 36 hours under the reaction conditions of 55$^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0. The inhibitory effect of excess biotin content, 16 $\mu\textrm{g}$ Per liter of the hydrolzate, could be reduced effectively by adding 10 IU of penicillin per ml of the medium after five hours of the fermentation. The maximum glutamic acid yield of 38.5 g/l was obtained after 60 hours of shaking culture at 28-3$0^{\circ}C$.