• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 조밀한 포화 사질토 지반과 느슨한 포화 사질토 지반에 근입된 모형말뚝을 대상으로 다양한 말뚝휨 강성과 입력 가속도 진폭, 그리고 입력 가속도 진동수 조건에서 1g 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과로, 조밀한 포화 사질토 지반조건에 대해, 각 실험 p-y 곡선 상 최대 지반 반력이 나타나는 꼭지점들을 연결하여 등가정적해석에 적용할 수 있는 동적 p-y 중추곡선을 쌍곡선 함수로 나타내었으며, 중추곡선을 쌍곡선 함수로 나타내는데 필요한 초기 기울기($k_{ini}$)와 극한 저항력($p_u$)을 결정하기 위한 경험식을 마찰각과 구속압의 함수로 제안하였다. 제안한 동적 p-y 중추곡선의 적용성을 기존 문헌에 발표된 원심모형실험 결과와 비교하여 검증하였으며, 실제 설계에 적용되고 있는 기존의 p-y 곡선들과도 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 느슨한 포화 사질토 지반조건에서, 진동 중 발생하는 과잉간극수압에 따라 지반 저항이 감소하는 정도를 나타내는 동적 지반 저항 감소 계수($S_F$)를 제안하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-24
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• 1977

This paper is the forth and fifth one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole drainer. In the light of the results from previous reports about the model tests, some design criteria were established and a prototype machine was set up for experimental purpose. Motion characteristics and functionof the each parts of the machine were checked and analyzed. After that, performance tests of the prototype machine were carried out in thefield. Obtained results are summarized as follows ; 1. Ten centimeter of the bullet diameter was determined so as to be able to attach it to the tractors with capacity of 30 PS to 40 PS. 2. To maintain the balance between the moments of the front shank and rear shank, the oscillating amplitude of the rear bullet was determined to be larger than that of the front bullet. At the same time , the oscillating direction of the rear bullet was designed with the inclines of ten to thirty degrees. 3. An octagonal dynamo transduced was developed for measuring the compressive force of the upper link is measuring the draft force of the machine. Acceptable linear relationship between forces and strain responses from O.D.T. was obtained. 4. Analysing the balancing mechanism of the acting part of the machine , it was found that the total draft force of the machine was equal to the difference between the sum of the draft force produced from the right and left side bending moments of the lower drawber and the compressive force on the upper link. 5. There are acceptable linear relationship between the strain and twisting moment by driving shaft, and between strain and shank moment. Above results enable us to carry out the field experiment with prototype machine. 6. When the test machine was used in the field, it was possible to reduce the oscillating acceleration by forty percent in average as compared it with the single bullet mole drainer. 7. When the test machine was used under the oscillating condition, the dratt torce was reduced by 27 percent to 59 percent as compared it with the test machine under non-oscillating condition, while the draft force was increased by 7 percent to 20 percent as compared it with the mole drainer having oscillating single bullet. The reasoning behind this fact was considered as the resistance force due to the rear shank and bullet. 8. As the amplitude and frequency of the bullet were increased, the torque was increased accordingly. This tendency could be varied with the various characteristics of the given soils. And the larger frequency and amplitute, the more increasing oscil\ulcornerlating power but decreasing draft brce were needed, and draft force was increased as the velocity was increased.9. When the amplitude of the rear bullet was designed to be larger than that of the front bullet, the minimum value of the moment was lowered and oscillating acceleration was reduced. And when the oscillating direction of the rear bullet was declined back\ulcornerwards, oscillating acceleration was increased along with the increasing angle of decli\ulcornernation. When the test machine was operated in high speed, the difference between maximum moments and minimum ones became narrow. This varying magnitude of moments appeared on the moment oscillogram seems to be correlated to the oscillating acceleration and draft force. 10. From the analysis of variance, it was found that those factors such as frequency, amplitude, and operating velocity significantly affected in the oscillating acceleration, the draft resistance, the torque, the moment, and the total power required. And interaction between frequency and amplitude affected in the oscillating acceleration. 11. Within the given situation of this study, the most preferable operating conditions of the test machine were 7 Hz in oscillating frequency, 0.54 m/sec in operating velocity, and 39.1 mm in oscillating amplitude of front and rear bullets. However, it is necessary to select the proper frequency and magnitude of oscillation depending on the soil properties of the field in which the mole drainer is practiced by use of a bal1nced type oscillating mole drainer. 12. It is recommended that a comparative study of the mole drainers would be performed in the near future using two separate balanced oscillating bullet with the one which is operated by oscillating the movable bullet in a single cylinder or other balanced type which may be single oscillating bullet with spring, damper or balancing weight, and that of thing. To expand the applicability of the balanced type oscillating mole drainer in practical use, it is suggested to develop a new mechanism which perform mole drain with vinyl pipe or filling material such as rice hull.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1986

볏짚을 토양표면(土壤表面)에 살포(撒布)한 답(沓)을 동력경운기(動力耕耘機)의 Rotary로 경운작업(耕耘作業)할 때 볏짚이 Rotary 경운(耕耘)날과 축(軸)에 볏짚이 감기는 것을 방지(防止)기 위(爲)하여 토양함수비(土壤含水比)(30%, 39%, 59%) (d.b.)와 볏짚의 절단(切斷)길이 (30cm, 45cm, 90cm), 경운(耕耘)날의 궤적진입각(軌跡進入角)($30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$, $55^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $70^{\circ}$, Rotary의 전진속도(前進速度)(저속 l단, 저속 2 단, 저속 3단) 에 변화(變化)를 주어 충남(忠南) 유성(儒城)의 점질양토(粘質壤土)의 답(沓)에서 아끼바레 볏짚을 10a 당(當) 450kg 시용(施用)하고 각(各)처리구별(處理區別)로 경폭(耕幅) 30cm, 길이 5m의 포장(圃場)에서 볏짚 감김량(量)을 조사분석(調査分析)하였으며 실험결과(實驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1, Rotary 경운(耕耘)날의 궤적진입각(軌跡進入角) $55^{\circ}$ 이상(以上)이고 토양함수비(土壤合水比)가 30%(d.b.), 볏짚의 절단(切斷)길이가 30cm일 때 볏짚의 감김현상(現像)이 나타나지 않았다. 경운(耕耘)날의 궤적진입각(軌跡進入角)은 토양(土壤)의 절삭저항(切削抵抗), 경운소요동력(耕耘所要動力)과 볏짚의 감김현상(現像)을 함께 고려(考慮)하여 검토(檢討)되어야 할 사항(事項)이나 볏짚의 감김작용(作用)만을 고려(考慮)할 때 경운(耕耘) 날의 궤적진입각(軌跡進入角)은 $55^{\circ}$ 이상(以上) 유지(維持)되어야 한다. 2. 토양함수비(土壤合水比)가 30%(d.b.)일 때 볏짚의 감김량(量)이 최소직(最少直)를 나타내었으며 경운(耕耘)날의 진입각(進入角)이 $55^{\circ}$ 이상(以上)일 때 볏짚의 감김현상(現像)이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 볏짚 시용답(施用沓)의 Rotary 경운작업(耕耘作業)은 건기(乾期)를 이용(利用)하여 작업(作業)해야 할 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 3. 볏짚의 절단(切斷)길이가 30cm 이고 경운(耕耘)날의 궤적진입각(軌跡進入角)이 $55^{\circ}$ 이상(以上)일 때 볏짚의 감김량(量)이 없었으며 볏짚의 절단(切斷)길이는 30cm 정도(程度)가 볏짚 시용답(施用沓)의 Rotary 작업가능(作業可能) 최장(最長)길이며 볏짚의 절단(切斷)길이가 30cm 이상(以上)일 때는 Rotary 경운작업(耕耘作業)에 불리(不利)하다. 4. Rotary 전진속도(前進速度)가 증가(增加)하연 볏짚의 감김량(量)도 완만(緩慢)하게 증가(增加)하였으며 볏짚이 시용(施用)된 답(沓)의 Rotary 작업(作業)은 저속 1 단 (0.35m/s)이 좋은 것으로 사료(思料)된다.