• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

The numbers of individual Setaria species in the peritoneal cavities of Korean cattle were estimated. The worms were tentatively identified under light microscopy, and then precisely classified by SEM on the basis of unique features at the anterior and posterior ends of the adult worms. The positive rate of Setaria species was 34.2% out of 1,074 Korean cattle surveyed; that of S. digitata was 25.1%, S. marshalli 2.9% and both species 6.2%, respectively. Out of a total of 1,254 worms collected, 66.8% were female and 19.1% were male S. digitota; 9.2% were female and 5.0% were male S. marshalli, respectively. The average length of S. marshalli was somewhat longer than that of S. digitota S. marshalli was documented for the first time in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2018

A three-year-old male Thoroughbred horse with corneal opacity in his left eye was donated to Chonbuk National University for anatomical study. Upon gross observation, two whitish parasites were moving swiftly within the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. The worms obtained from the eye after anatomical dissection were identified as Setaria digitata by morphological observation with light and scanning electron microscopes; one male (43 mm in length) and one female (55 mm) were found. This aberrant ocular infection by S. digitata is the first case reported in horses in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 2007

Conventional processing of biological materials including nematode parasites for scanning electron microscopy includes fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium, followed by dehydration in an ascending grade of ethanol, and finally freeze drying. This procedure takes about 8 to 12 h depending on the characteristics of samples. Microwave irradiation of 2,450 MHz enhance the action of cross-linking fixatives and can greatly accelerate various stages of tissue processing. In this study, samples of nematode parasites, Setaria digitata, were fixed by a combination of conventional chemical fixation and the microwave irradiation during the process. The microwave irradiation was also incorporated in the serial dehydration process with ethanol. The complete procedure from the initial fixation to the completion of dehydration with ethanol was reduced to 1 h with good preservation of the ultrastructural details of the specimens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.667-671
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• 2017

Ocular setariases of cattle were reported but those of equine hosts have never been reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We found motile worms in the aqueous humor of 15 horses (Equus spp.) from 12 localities in southern parts of Korea between January 2004 and November 2017. After the affected animals were properly restrained under sedation and local anesthesia, 10 ml disposable syringe with a 16-gauge needle was inserted into the anterior chamber of the affected eye to successfully remove the parasites. The male worm that was found in 7 of the cases showed a pair of lateral appendages near the posterior terminal end of the body. The papillar arrangement was 3 pairs of precloacal, a pair of adcloacal, and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae, plus a central papilla just in front of the cloaca. The female worms found in the eyes of 8 horses were characterized by the tapering posterior terminal end of the body with a smooth knob. Worms were all identified as Setaria digitata (von Linstow, 1906) by the morphologic characteristics using light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first blindness cases of 15 horses infected with S. digitata (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.339-343
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• 2000

Isolation and identification, prevalence and density of Setaria microfilariae(mf) were investigated in the blood of 406 cattle slaughtered at the abatoirs in Yungnam province from February 1999 to March 2000. Nine ml of blood from the jugular vein was collected in a test tube including EDTA respectively. The blood was mixed(10 : 1) with 0.2% Saponin in saline solution. This mixture was diluted again(1 : 10) with saline solution and stirred. This diluted mixture was filtered using Millipore membrane filter with a pore size of $3.0{\mu}m$. Mf were recovered from the membrane in saline solution. Mf isolated were identified as Setaria digitata on the basis of morphologic characteristics. Infection rate of the mf of total 406 cattle was revealed as 6.40%. Seasonal prevalences of the mf were presented 9.46%(7/74) in Autumn, 7.05%(11/156) in Summer, 4.65%(4/86) in Winter and 4.44%(4/90) in Spring respectively. Average density of the mf of every 9ml blood in 26 positive cattle was revealed as 170(2-641) worms. Seasonal densities of the mf of 9ml blood were presented average 361(160-641) worms in Autumn, 205(16-620) worms in Summer, 108(6-204) worms in Spring, 6(2-11) worms in Winter respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.75.1-75.7
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• 2022

Background: Since 2013, the number of requests for diagnosis for horses based on neurological symptoms has increased rapidly in South Korea. The affected horses have commonly exhibited symptoms of acute seasonal hindlimb ataxia. A previous study from 2015-2016 identified Setaria digitata as the causative agent. Objectives: This study is an epidemiological investigation to find out risk factors related to the rapid increase in hindlimb ataxia of horses due to aberrant parasites in South Korea. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted on 155 cohabiting horses in 41 horse ranches where the disease occurred. The surrounding environment was investigated at the disease-causing horse ranches (n = 41) and 20, randomly selected, non-infected ranches. Results: Hindlimb ataxia was confirmed in nine cohabiting horses; this was presumed to be caused by ectopic parasitism. Environments that mosquitoes inhabit, such as paddy fields within 2 km and less than 0.5 km from a river, had the greatest association with disease occurrence. Conclusions: Most horse ranches in South Korea are situated in favorable environments for mosquitoes. Moreover, the number of mosquitoes in the country has increased since 2013 due to climate change. Additional research is required; however, these data show that it is necessary to establish guidelines for the use of anthelmintic agents based on local factors in South Korea and disinfection of the environment to prevent disease outbreaks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.601-604
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• 1992

A total of 480 live buffaloes and 180 visceral samples from Dhaka, Mymensingh, Bogura and Rajshahi were examined for the presence of parasites of water buffaloes in Bangladesh during September, 1988 to August, 1989. The recorded parasites were eight trematodes, two cestodes, fourteen nematodes, two protozoa and two arthropods. The trematodes were Fasciola gigantica (18.9%-46.4%). Paramphistomes (Gigantocotyl explanatum, Ceylonocotyl scoliocoelium, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Gastrothylax crumenifer (29.5%-48.3%). Schistosoma indicum (1.6%-31.6%), S. spindale (13.9%-27.7%) and S. nasalis (4.6%-8.3%). The cestodes were Hydatid cyst (24.4%), Cysticercus tenuicollis (11.1%). The nematodes were Strongyloides papillosus (14.8%-21.6%), Capillaria spp. (C. bilobata, C. bovis) (8.5%-20.0%), Setaria digitata (7.2%), Onchocerca armillata (27.2%), Thelazia rhodesii (2.3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (3.9%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (6.6%-41.6%), Hookworms (Agriostomum vryburgi, Bunostomum phlebotomum) (8.1%-17.2%), Trichostrongylus axei (11.2%-21.6%), Mecistocirrus digitatus & Haemonchus contortus (15.2%-25.5%) and Toxocara vitulorum (1.1%-9.8%). The protozoa were Eimeria zuerni (2.3%) and Trypanosoma theileri (0.4%). The arthropods were Haemaphysalis bispinosa (8.1%) and Haematopinus tuberculatus (34.6%).