• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to investigate the regulatory effect of electro-acupuncture on Jogsamni ($ST_{36}$) in bradygastric condition or gastroparesis which is a neuropathic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), assessed using 4-channel electrogastrography (EGG). Methods : It was a case series study. Each patient was given electro-acupuncture(EA) one point, Jogsamni($ST_{36}$) or Gyeonu($LI_{15}$) bilaterally for thirty minutes with 2Hz bipolar square wave frequency and moderate intensity of stimulation. With attaching electrodes around stomach region throughout pre-acupuncture, acupuncture, and post-acupuncture session, these parameters were produced; percent rate of bradygastria power compared to sum of power in all kind of gastric rhythm(% bradygastria), dominant frequency(DF) and dominant power(DP). Parameter was analysed per each channel's variable change from pre-acupuncture session by paired t-test. Results : There was statistically significant decrease in % bradygastria parameters on one of the $ST_{36}$ treated patients from pre-acupuncture session and to post-acupuncture session(P=0.015, P=0.008 respectively). A marginal significant decrease of DP was shown in the other $ST_{36}$ treated patient from pre-acupuncture session through post-acupuncture session(P=0.049). Combined data of two $ST_{36}$ Treated patients showed that there was significant decrease of %bradygastria from pre-acupuncture session to acupuncture session(P=0.020), and was decrease of DP from pre-acupuncture session to post- acupuncture session(P=0.020). Conclusions : EA at $ST_{36}$ resulted in statistically significant decrease in %bradygastria and DP for dysrhythmic condition in T2DM gastroparesis patients. Considering this limited results, further study will be needed to elucidate the effect of multiple-acupuncture on gastric myoelectrical activities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

Dental stress is suggested as a main reason for behavioral problems in dentistry, especially in children. Heart rate is a useful measure of dental stress. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of dental stress on children receiving restorative treatment under local anesthesia by using recently introduced a wrist-watch type heart rate monitoring device. Eighteen children with no previous dental experience, who needed dental treatment involving local anesthesia, were included in this study. In each session, heart rate was recorded. The largest increase was observed during local anesthesia and the highest values were recorded during preparation. However, no significant relationship was found between the measurements(p > 0.05). Regarding the number of visits, heart rate on the second session is significantly higher than the first session and the third session(p < 0.05). There was no significant different correlation between the first session and third session(p > 0.05). Based on the present study, children who have no previous dental treatment appeared to be more stressed at the second session and need at least 3 sessions to feel less stressed during dental treatment including dental injection.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.613-627
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite the widespread use of dietary assessment tools, the validity of food records has not been evaluated in Koreans. We assessed the accuracy of estimated food records and the effect of a short education session in young Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty women (aged 18-23 yrs) each completed 3 food records during a controlled-feeding study. One educational session was provided on day 2 of the study. Food records were analyzed for the accuracy of food items and portion size estimation according to food group (grains; meat, fish, eggs, and beans; vegetables; fruit; dairy; and oils and sugars) and type of dish (rice, kimchi, soup, side dishes, spreads, beverages, and snacks). Reported food items were categorized as exact, close, or far matches, exclusions, or intrusions. Portion sizes were evaluated as accurate, similar, or inaccurate estimates, or missing. The means of days 2 and 3 were used to assess post-education results. Paired t-tests were performed to assess the effects of the education session. RESULTS: The mean percentages of exact matches, close matches, far matches, and exclusions on day 1 were 80.9%, 10.9%, 2.0%, and 6.2%, respectively, and mean intrusions observed were 0.1. The education session slightly increased the accuracy of recorded food items. The percentages of accurate, similar, and inaccurate estimates, and missing portion sizes were 11.7%, 19.8%, 12.2%, and 56.3%, respectively, at baseline. The percentage of missing portion size estimates decreased to 14.0% after the education session, resulting in an increase in the percentages of all other estimates. An increase was observed in the accuracy of reported portion sizes of vegetables, rice, and kimchi. CONCLUSIONS: In young Korean women, estimated food records are highly accurate for food items but not for portion size estimates without prior education. A short education session can improve the accuracy of portion size estimation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

In this paper, we design a mutual authentication protocol which divided sessions from an authenticated session are updated periodically. And in order to minimize the traffic overhead for session authentication, we also introduce dynamic session management according to sampling rate of medical sensor type. And randomize the divided session time. This model has the effect of blocking the integrity and confidentiality intrusion of rogue gateway. Moreover, efficiency is provided through medical data to be transmitted have different sampling rate. In order to evaluate this model, it was embodied and experimented in TinyOS 2.1 environment. The result, we got an overall validity from three types of experiment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

Most web portals provide a web directory service which selects and classifies web sites according to their subject matter. In order to investigate the directory access behavior of general Korean web users, this study analyzes directory access logs of NAVER, a major Korean web search engine. This study suggests a methodology to classify the total sessions into six different session types. This study also discusses directory access behaviors of the NAVER users by examining the distribution of sessions according to session types, the lengths of navigation within a session, and the most frequently visited categories. It is expected that this study could contribute to the development of more effective web directory services.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2618-2629
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• 1999

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the FDRA(Fault Detection Recovery based on Agent) running on distributed multimedia environment. DOORAE is a good example for distributed multimedia and multimedia distance education system among students and teachers during lecture. It has primitive service agents. Service functions are implemented with objected oriented concept. FDRA is a multi-agent system. It has been environment, intelligent agents interact with each other, either collaboratively or non-collaboratively, to achieve their goals. The main idea is to detect an error by using polling method. This system detects an error by polling periodically the process with relation to session. And, it is to classify the type of error s automatically by using learning rules. The merit of this system is to use the same method to recovery it as it creates a session. FDRA is a system that is able to detect an error, to classify an error type, and to recover automatically a software error based on distributed multimedia environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-11
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• 2019

Botulinum toxin (BTX) has been widely used to treat muscle spasms in many voice disorders. Most commercially available forms of BTX require reconstitution before use, which may increase the risk of contamination and requires careful titration. Recently, a liquid-type BTX type A (BTX-A) has been developed, which should simplify the procedure and enhance its efficacy. In this session, I will discuss about the differences of BTX-A from existing types and the practical issues associated with it.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of individualized diabetes nutrition education. The nutrition education program was open to all type 2 diabetes patients visiting the clinic center and finally 67 patients agreed to join the program. To compare with 67 education group subjects, 34 subjects were selected by medical record review. The education program consisted of one class session for 1-2 hours long in a small group of 4~5 patients. A meal planning using the food exchange system was provided according to the diet prescription and food habits of each subject. Measurements of clinical outcomes and dietary intakes were performed at baseline and 3 months after the education session. After 3 months, subjects in education group showed improvement in dietary behavior and food exchange knowledge. In education group, intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin $B_2$, and folate per 1,000 kcal/day were significantly increased and cholesterol intake was significantly decreased. They also showed significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and fasting blood concentrations of glucose (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. However, no such improvements were observed in control group. To evaluate telephone consultation effect, after the nutrition education session, 34 subjects of the 67 education group received telephone follow-up consultation once a month for 3 months. The others (33 subjects) had no further contact after the nutrition education session. Subjects in the telephone follow-up group showed a decrease in BMI, FBS, and HbA1c. Moreover, the subjects who did not receive telephone follow-up also showed significant decreases in BMI and FBS. These results indicated that our individually planned education program for one session was effective in rectifying dietary behavior problems and improving food exchange knowledge, and quality of diet, leading to an improvement in the clinical outcomes. In conclusion, our individualized nutrition education was effective in adherence to diet recommendation and in improving glycemic control and lipid concentrations, while follow-up by telephone helped to encourage the adherence to diet prescription.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

In SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) service, users should send SIP SUBSCRIBE messages to the SIP server to get subscription informations of the other parties, and total amount of SIP messages becomes large in network as refresh messages and notification messages are generated to each SIP subscription. In this paper, a new resource lists architecture using dynamic notification control method has been proposed to solve these problems. In this architecture, service users can control event notification generation rate dynamically from the server according to the operation circumstances, and users can control generation of notification messages during refresh for maintaining SIP session. Furthermore users can also control generation of notification messages according to session connection conditions. A new resource lists MIME type has been designed, and several parameters for dynamic notification message control have been added to the extended SIP message headers. In this system new resource lists MIME type can be used for processing of the event package. Therefore total amount of SIP messages in network can be largely reduced, and load of the resource lists server for processing messages can be reduced also. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by experiments.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.43-56
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of preschoolers' utterance features by their gender and play situation type. For this purpose, a total of 40 5-year-old children participated in this study. Dyad were participated in each play session during 10 minutes. The play session was videotaped and the videotaped data were transcribed by CBS(2014). The collected data were analyzed by using a independent t-test and paired t-test. The main results are as follows. First, girls' MLU-e, MLU-w, MLU-m were longer than that of boys in a familiar play situation. Second, preschoolers' MLU-w was longer in an unfamiliar play situation than in familiar ones and preschoolers' type-token ratio were higher in an unfamiliar play situation than in familiar ones. Implications for the importance of preschoolers' spontaneous speech are discussed.