• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3E
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest criteria for objective measurement of speech quality in mobile VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services over wireless mobile internet such as mobile WiMAX networks. This is the case that voice communication service is available under other networks. When mobile VoIP service users in the mobile internet network based on packet call up PSTN and mobile network users, but there have not been relevant quality indexes and quality standards for evaluating speech quality of mobile VoIP. In addition, there are many factors influencing on the speech quality in packet network. Especially, if the degraded speech with packet loss transfers to the other network users through the handover, voice communication quality is significantly deteriorated by the transformation of speech codecs. In this paper, we eventually adopt the Gilbert-Elliot channel model to characterize packet network and assess the voice quality through the objective speech quality method of ITU-T P. 862. 1 MOS-LQO for the various call scenario from mobile VoIP service user to PSTN and mobile network users under various packet loss rates in the transmission channel environments. Our simulation results show that transformation of speech codecs results in the degraded speech quality for different transmission channel environments when mobile VoIP service users call up PSTN and mobile network users.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-173
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• 2021

In the era of digital transformation, the transportation underprivileged remains as an underprivileged class without the benefits of technological advances. Electric assist devices for the People with disability are inadequate to provide services suitable for the current traffic environment, although the mobility of the People with disability is improved. In this paper, we develop IoT smart mobility by deriving essential elements through user satisfaction surveys to efficiently move physical distances based on the experience of users using existing electric assistive devices. Based on the data collected through user satisfaction survey, quantitative analysis using TF-IFD and qualitative analysis based on QFD are performed to determine the importance of user requirements. For the evaluation of IoT smart mobility design results reflecting essential functions, usability verification is conducted by forming an expert evaluation team in various fields. In the future, we plan to conduct a service design study that can improve mobility convenience and provide mobility service solutions by designing to provide efficient public services by utilizing IoT smart mobility to the People with disability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to find a design pattern of platform of chapel according to acceptance of community's social activities and classify a forms of platform design between urban and rural community church. It was surveyed by 18 community churches including of 8 rural churches. And it was comprised in main contents that this study surveyed about social functions of church and composition of room, a transformation of worship and platform, and furniture of platform. As a results of this study, I could suggest a conclusions as follows; firstly, community churches are trying hard to make their social functions wide and deep. Secondly it was necessary for them to prepare a spaces and rooms for service of community people like a social welfare and christian cultural activities. Thirdly, the form of platform and style of worship were serviced by transformation for the acceptance of community requirements. Finally, the service style of chapel and platform have been transformed in a view point of accommodation of community since early 2000.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2001

As computer-related technologies have been developed, legacy design systems have not been appropriate for new computing environment. Therefore, it is necessary that most of them are either modified or newly developed. However, this requires quite much amount of cost and time. This paper presents a method of extending legacy design system without modification using XML and XSLT. In order to apply the developed method, a good example of legacy design systems, AGMA gear rating system has been extended so as to be suitable for the distributed computing environment. An XML document for AGMA gear rating process is defined. It is transformed to the form of the input document of AGMA gear rating system by XSLT processor according to the transformation rules defined in the AGMA gear rating XSLT document. After that, AGMA gear rating system reads this input document and generates an output document in the server. These operations are automatically executed by the external legacy system controller without user interactions. Using these operations, AGMA gear rating web service has been developed based on SOAP and WSDL to provide the functions of legacy AGMA gear rating system through the distributed network. Any system or user can implement AGMA gear rating process independently to the platform type, without making it for oneself, by simply referring the AGMA gear rating web service via Internet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.682-687
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• 2000

In this research the remaining service life of the concrete due to the steel corrosion was predicted by three cases; causing carbonation, using sea sand, using deicing salts. In case of deterioration by carbonation, effective carbonation depth, effective coverage depth and relative humidity are considered for predicting method. In case of using sea sand, predicting method is made of rust growth equation from polarization resistance method. In case of using deicing salts, predicting method is made of transformation of Fick's law. Three methods are very useful in predicting service life of concrete.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose the design of railway safety common data model to provide common transformation method for collecting data from railway facility fields to Real-time railway safety monitoring and control system. This common data model is divided into five abstract sub-models according to the characteristics of data such as 'StateInfoMessage', 'ControlMessage', 'RequestMessage', 'ResponseMessage' and 'ExtendedXXXMessage'. This kind of model structure allows diverse heterogeneous data acquisitions and its common conversion method to DDS (Data Distribution Service) format to share data to the sub-systems of Real-time railway safety monitoring and control system. This paper contains the design of common data model and its DDS Topic expression for DDS communication, and presents two kinds of data transformation case studied for verification of the model design.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-309
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• 2019

Unlike the popular belief, digital transformation mainly gets stymied by legal and regulatory issues related with legacy institutions in Asia rather than technical difficulties. The real challenges triggered by the PSD2 (Payment Services Directive 2) are how the region would overcome the overly fragmented, centralized, and hierarchical legacy framework to allow necessary changes to respond to the digital single market initiatives as promulgated by the European counterpart. The PSD2 is expected to bring about substantial changes in the payment ecosystem by allowing payment service providers to access customers' accounts and transactions information via API that have been traditionally controlled by banks. This paper suggests an incentive-compatible mechanism design for open collaboration among legacy institutions in the region to help them adapt to the PSD2. As evidenced by case studies in Korea, the Asian equivalent of PSD2 can be implemented and further expanded to create region-wide PCS (payment-clearing-settlement) network by reconnecting the dots of legacy infrastructures. These decentralized, diverse, small payment networks can be further combined with the expanded RTGS-CDS platform to evolve into the next phase of Asian Financial Network.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.253-261
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• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the influence of cyclic loading on phase transformation of zirconia abutments and to compare the effectiveness of three different quantitative ageing assessment techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty two Y-TZP prostheses fabricated from two brands, InCoris ZI and Ceramill ZI, were cemented to titanium bases and equally divided into two subgroups (n=8): control group without any treatment and aged group with cyclic loading between 20 N and 98 N for 100,000 cycles at 4 Hz in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was assessed by (i) conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) micro x-ray diffraction (${\mu}XRD$), and (iii) micro-Raman spectroscopy. The monoclinic-phase fractions (M%) were compared by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS. InCoris Zi presented significantly higher M% than Ceramill Zi in both control and aged groups (P<.001). Both materials exhibited significant phase transformation with monoclinicphase of 1 to 3% more in aged groups than controls for all three assessment techniques. The comparable M% was quantified by both ${\mu}XRD$ and XRD. The highest M% was assessed with micro-Raman. CONCLUSION. Cyclic loading produced significant phase transformation in tested Y-TZP prostheses. The micro-Raman spectroscopy could be used as an alternative to XRD and ${\mu}XRD$.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

The era of digital transformation is rapidly emerging in industries and academia, including finance and logistics, and the consulting market for digital transformation is also growing. According to previous studies, the need for digital transformation is also mentioned in consulting institutions. In this process, the role of consultants should be changed according to the times, and customer relationship management and attitude toward customers are emphasized. However, consulting research has the point that research on this has not been studied in depth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an element of attitude focusing on consultant attitudes in the field of digital transformation. As a result of research using literature analysis and modified Delphi techniques, 'customer orientation', achievement orientation', professional dignity', 'maintenance of expertise', and 'ethics' were found to be key attitude factors. This study is meaningful in that consultant attitude elements in the digital transformation field were explored and developed by verifying content validity, and consultants in the digital transformation field can recognize the importance of attitude and use it as a basic tool for capacity improvement.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.271-288
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify the critical factors that restaurant management should consider strategically when making a decision after COVID-19 under the digital transformation and non-contact service expansions environment. Design/methodology/approach - The thirty six experts and managers who have 5 years or more experience in restaurant industry in Korea participate this study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SER-M were used to analyze the experts' opinion Findings - As a result of the analysis, 'management environment' (0.313) showed the highest relative importance priority, followed by 'brand (0.263)', 'management characteristics (0.254)', and 'physical factors (0.17)'. And, as for the sub-factor value, 'lifestyle (0.087)', 'awareness (0.084)', 'consumer desire (0.075)', and 'loyalty (0.068)' were ranked highest among the 19 influencing critical factors. Research implications or Originality - In the case of large restaurant enterprises, it is judged that the subject(CEO, Management) is actively pursuing a strategy to acquire the necessary resources for the given environment of digital transformation and customer demand for non-contact services. On the other hand, in the case of middle and small restaurant enterprises, it seems that they are fully aware of the demand for expansion of non-contact services and the digital transformation required in the post COVID-19 era, but information technology utilization ability, usage experience, technology acceptance ability, and education and training support for this are only available to large enterprises.