• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of anemia associated with Dangguibohyel-tang (DBT) in rats. Using cyclophosphamide-induced (30mg/kg BW) anemic rats, changes in weight gain, the levels of red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), platelet and hemoglobin (Hgb), serum vitamin B12, ALT(GPT) levels and erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression were monitored, and compared with DBT (1,000mg/kg BW, 14d)-treated and EPO (1,000IU/kg BW, 14d, s.c.)-treated rats. Food efficiency ratio (FER) were 31.6%, in normal group, 28.1% in cyclophosphamide-induced control group, 31.7% in DBT-treated group and 25.1%, in EPO-treated group after 14 days. The levels of red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), platelet and hemoglobin (Hgb) of DBT-treated group were significantly higher than those of control. And DBT extract administered group showed dominant effects on the recovery of Hgb level. Serum vitamin B12 and ALT(GPT) levels were significantly increased at DBT-treated groups. EPO gene expression was decreased 91,9% in control group, 79.6% in DBT-treated group and 53.9% in EPO-treated group, respectively. These results suggest that administration of DBT could prevent human patient from chemotherapy derived anemia by improving hematological value and EPO status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 2010 ~ 2014년 원시자료를 통합하여 우리나라 10 ~ 18세 청소년을 대상으로 검진조사, 구강조사, 영양조사 정보가 있는 총 2,655명의 자료를 이용하여 혈중 비타민 D 농도와 치아우식 경험과의 연관성에 대해 분석하였다. 1) 대상의 인구 사회학적 특성과 치아우식 경험과의 상관성을 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두 범주화한 연령이 높아질수록 치아우식 경험군의 비율이 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 여자 청소년의 경우 소득수준이 낮아질수록 치아우식 경험이 높았으며 (p = 0.026) 기초수급경험이 있을 경우 치아우식 경험율이 높았으나 (p = 0.001) 남자 청소년은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 혈중 25(OH)D 농도가 1 ng/mL증가할 때마다 우식경험 치아개수는 남자 청소년의 경우 0.059개씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났고 (p = 0.007, $R^2=0.009$) 여자 청소년의 경우 0.08개씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나 (p = 0.005, $R^2=0.010$) 보정 후 이러한 관련성이 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 3) 혈중 비타민 D 상태와 치아우식증 경험율간의 연관성을 알아본 결과 교란변수를 보정하지 않은 경우 남자 청소년에서 혈중 25(OH)D 농도가 30.0 ng/mL 이상인 군 대비 10.0 ng/mL 이상 20.0 ng/mL 미만인 군은 2.878배 (OR = 2.878, 95% CI = 1.106-7.491), 10.0 ng/mL미만인 군은 3.877배 (OR = 3.877, 95% CI = 1.250-12.028)로 치아우식 경험율이 증가하였다. 연령, 가구소득, 기초수급여부, 칫솔질횟수, 치과병의원 방문여부를 보정한 경우 혈중 25(OH)D 농도가 30.0 ng/mL 이상인 군 대비 20.0 ng/mL 이상 30.0 ng/mL 미만인 군에서 2.577배 (OR = 2.577, 95% CI = 1.013-6.557)로 치아우식 경험율이 증가하였으나 여자 청소년의 경우 유의한 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 결과적으로 혈중 비타민 D 수치가 치아우식 경험과 관련성이 있음을 시사하며 적절한 비타민 D 농도 유지의 중요성을 인식하고 향후 이를 위해 식사지침에 대한 연구 및 영양교육이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2003

이 연구는 소 비육후기에 칼슘제(석회석)를 첨가하지 않은 사료의 급여가 성장율, 근내지방도 및 혈청 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($1,25(OH)_2D_3$) 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 거세 한우 24두(20${\sim}$24개월령)를 12두씩 대조구(석회석 2.5% 함유 농후사료)와 칼슘제 무첨가구(석회석 0%)로 배치하여 223일 동안 사료(농후사료 및 오차드그라스 건초)와 물을 무제한 급여하였고, 사양시험이 완료된 후 도축하여 육질을 평가하였다. 혈청 $Ca^{2+}$, Ca 및 P 함량에는 처리 간 차이가 없었으나 (P>0.05), 1,25(OH)2D3 함량은 시험 시작 후 2 또는 6개월째 모두 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 (각각 78.3 vs 51.7 또는 80.3 vs 51.1 pg/mL) 높았다 (P<0.01). 칼슘제를 첨가하지 않은 사료를 급여한 비육우가 대조구보다 농후사료 섭취량은 증가하고 건초 섭취량은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 일당증체량은 대조구보다 칼슘제 무첨가구에서 높았다(P<0.01). 등심단면적(82.8 vs 77.2 $cm^2$), 근내지방도(5.1 vs 2.2) 및 지방 함량(10.2 vs 6.7%)이 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 높았고 (P<0.05), 수분 함량(67.6 vs 70.4%)은 낮았다 (P < 0.05). 등심 육색, pH 및 보수력에서는 처리 간 차이가 없었으나 전단력에서는 칼슘제 무첨가구에서 (2.9 vs 3.2 kg/1.27-cm diameter core) 약간 낮게 (P = 0.08) 나타났다. 관능평가에서는 칼슘제 무첨가구가 대조구보다 연도 (4.9 vs 4.5) 및 향미(4.9 vs 4.6)가 약간 개선되었으나 (P<0.05) 다즙성에서는 처리간 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 본 연구결과는 비육후기에 칼슘제(석회석)를 첨가하지 않은 사료의 급여는 에너지 섭취의 증가 또는 1,25$(OH)_2D_3$의 합성 촉진을 통하여, 근내지방합성이 증가되어 성장율 및 근내지방도를 개선한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

Polypeptide growth factor belong to a class of potent biologic mediator which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ decrease cell proliferation, and stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity which express in osteoblast during cell differentiation period. IGF-I is known to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation too. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ is known to increase IGF-I binding sites and IGF binding protein which inhibite the effect of IGF. The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential role of IGF-I as mediator that control the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $5{\times}10^5/ml$ at 100mm culture plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 5% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ added. Total mRNA was extracted at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hour. PRPCR method was programed for the detection of IGF-I mRNA. In the both groups of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ treated and control, alternative splicing form of IGF-I, IGF-IA and IGF-IB were expressed. In the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ treated group, IGF-I mRNA expression was matained until 24 hour, there after expression was decresed. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $2.5{\times}10^4/ml$ at 24well plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 3% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added separately or together. Cell were cultured for 1 and 3 days, $2{\mu}Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ -thymidine was added for the last 24h of culture of each days. ${[^3H]}$-thymidine incorporation in to DNA was measured and expressed counter per minute(CPM). DNA synthetic activity was significantly decreased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ both at 1 day and 3 day, and in the combination group of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and IGF-I, DNA synthetic activity was also decreased both at 1 day and 3 days. IGF-I did not affect the DNA synthetic activity compared to control group both at 1 day and 3 day. From the above results, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ was potent inhibitor of cell proliferaton in MC3T3-E1 cells. It assumed that the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on osteoblast proliferation may be mediated in part by decreased level of IGF-I.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.68-76
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• 1984

Alfatoxin과 비타민$D_3$의 상호작용(相互作用)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 브로이러 병아리 336수(首)를 8구(區)로 나누고 aflatoxin $B_1$을 0 또는 0.5 ppm, 비타민$D_3$를 0, 500, 1,000 또는 1,500 IU/Kg 급여(給與)하는 3주간(週間)의 $2{\times}4$요인시험(要因試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 증체량(增體量), 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量), 사료전환율(飼料轉換率), 정강이 색상(色相), 폐사율(斃死率) 및 각약증발생율(脚弱症發生率)에 있어서 각구간(各區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 건물(乾物), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 조지방(粗脂肪), 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物) 및 조회분(粗灰分)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 조섬유(粗纖維)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 매우 낮은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준간(添加水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았으며 aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 인정(認定)되지 않았다. Ca, P 및 Na의 이용률(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 보이지 않았으나 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)의 Ca이용율(利用率)이 무급여구(無給與區)보다 약간 높았다. 탈지건조경골(脫脂乾燥脛骨)의 회분함량(灰分含量)은 각처리간(各處理間) 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나 Ca함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 0.5 ppm구(區)에서 무급여구(無給與區)보다 더 많았으며(P<.05), 비타민$D_3$를 더 많이 급여(給與)할수록 조금씩 높게 나타났다. Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$가 경골내(脛骨內) Ca을 가속적(加速的)으로 증가(增加)시킨다는 것을 보여 주었다(P<.01). 그리고 P의 함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 급여(給與)로 증가(增加)되었다(P<.05). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 없었다. Aflatoxin 급여(給與)는 Na함량(含量)에 영향(影響)을 주지 않았으나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 나타나(P<.01) 1,000 IU/Kg수준(水準)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 혈청중(血淸中)의 Ca농도(濃度)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)에서 매우 높게 나타났으며(P<.01), 유의성(有意性)은 없었으나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아질때 조금씩 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)이 인정(認定)되었다(P<.05). P의 함량(含量)은 각(各) 처리간(處理間)에 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 Alkaline Phosphatase 역가(力價)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 높은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그리고 비타민$D_3$ 수준(水準)이 높아짐에 따라 조금씩 증가(增加)하는 추세(趨勢)를 보였으나 유의차(有意差)는 없었으며 Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)에는 교호작용(交互作用)이 없었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 1998

Dietary and other factors affecting bone density of 32 Korean healthy college women aged 19-23 years were assessed. Data for food and nutrient intake was obtained by a semiquantitiative food frequency questionnaire. Serum samples were anlayzed for total Ca, P, Ca++, PTH, calcitonin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol , (25-OH-Vit D3) and BMDs of lumbar spine(L2-L4), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle (WT) and trochanter(TR) were measured by an XR-series X-ray bone densitometer. Relationships between the factors and BMDs were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient(r). The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily intake of energy(86.1%), Ca(74.3%), vitamin A (53.75), Fe(49.75) and vitamin B$_2$(86.6%) were lower while other notrients incuding P(126%) were higher than the Korean RDA. The BMDs of lumbar spines and femurs ranged from 0.73g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.23g/$\textrm{cm}^2$and 0.48g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Both protein and P intakes were inversely associated with serum total Ca. Furthermore, Ca intake as well as Ca/P ratio (Ca/P) were inversely associated with serum ionized Ca(Ca++) concentration. The intakes of protein P and Ca , however, were not significantly associated with the BMDs measured in this study. There were little association between BMDs and alcoholic beverage or caffeine consumption. The only significant association detected was a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD of WT. It seemed to be noticeable that BMDs of L2-L$_4$, FN and WT were significantly inversely associated with serum P concentration. However, there was no significant association between BMDs and the levels of total Ca to Ca++ in serum. Body weight was positively associated with BMD of lumbar spine and BMI was also positively associated with BMDs of FN and WT. The subjects who had an early menarche appeared to have higher BMDs than those who had had a late mearche. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis. Menarche and BMI were stronger determinants of BMDs in the young women than was diet. P intake appeared to be a more potent dietary determinant than Ca intake. The three factors, menarche, BMI , and P intake , additionally accounted for 24% and 378% of the variance in BMDs of FN and L$_2$-L$_4$, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to determine the factors needed to increase serum P level which negatively affects. BMD in young Korean college women.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2021

We report a rare case of anti-viral agent induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia presented with localized and radicular pain. A 51-year-old man, who had been taking adefovir for chronic hepatitis, had experienced low back pain radiating to his right thigh for 2 years. With impression of lumbar disc herniation, he underwent magnetic resonance imaging and found multi-level disc herniation with facet joint synovial cysts. He received transforaminal epidural steroid injections, however, symptoms did not improve. To find other possible causes, additional tests were performed. Blood tests revealed hypophosphatemia and increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and osteoporosis was noted in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with multiple hot uptakes in bone scan. After replacement of adefovir to entecavir and supplement of phosphate and vitamin D, phosphate level and the clinical symptoms were improved. This is the first to report the presentation of osteomalacia due to anti-viral agent as radicular low back pain with facet synovial cysts.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.5-25
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• 2004

Objectives : To observe changes in the serum proteins before and after intravenous injection of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. Methods : Blood was collected before and after the administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture and only the serum was centrifuged. Then differences in the spots on the scanned image after running 2-Dimensionl electrophoresis were located and conducted mass analysis and protein identification. Results : Following results were obtained from the comparative analysis of serum proteins before and after the administration of wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. 1. 28 spots were identified before and after the administration. 2. In confirming manifestation degree, spots with more than two-times increase were 204, 803, 1505, 2205, 3105, 7104, 9001 spots, with more than one-time increase were 1101, 1302, 2013, 3009, 3010, 4002, 4009, 6706, 7103, 8006, 8101, and spots with decrease were 205, 801, 3205, 5202, 6105. 3. After conducting protein identification, proteins 205, 804, 1302, 4009, 6105, 6106 are unidentified yet, and 1101 is unnamed protein. Protein 204 is identified as complement receptor CR2-C3d, 801 as YAP1 protein, 803 as antitrypsin polymer, 1505 as PRO0684, 2013 and 3010 as proapolipoprotein, 2205 as USP48, 2403 as vitamin D binding protein, 3009 as complement component 4A preprotein, 3105 as immunoglobulin lambda chain, 3205 as transthyretin, 4002 as Ras-related protein Ral-A, 4204 as beta actin, 5202 and 7104 as apolipoprotein L1, 6704 as alpha 2 macroglobulin precursor, 7103 as complement component 3 precursor, 8006 as testis-specific protein Y, 8101 as Transferrin, 9001 as(Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(C112g)deoxy) T-State Human Hemoglobin, and 9003 as human hemoglobin. 4. Immune protein CR2-C3d, which acts against microbes and pathogenic organisms, and Antitrypsin(803), which is secreted with inflammatory response in the lungs, were increased by more than 200% after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 5. Immunoglobulin lambda chain(3105), Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(C112g)deoxy T-State Human Hemoglobin(9001), and human hemoglobin(9003) were increased by more than two-times after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 6. Proapolipoprotein(2013, 3010) and apolipoprotein(7104), key components of the HDL-cholesterol which plays an important role in preventing arteriosclerosis, were increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 7. Vitamin D binding protein(DBP, 2403), protecting the lung at the time of inflammatory response, was increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 8. Transthyretin(TTR, 3205), which is the main protein causing familial aimyloid polyneuropathy(FAP), was decreased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 9. Ras-related protein Ral-A(4002) that controls phospholipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, and membrane traffic, was increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 10. Testis-specific protein Y(8006), which takes part in determination of the gender, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of herbal acupuncture. 11. Transferrin(8101), T-State Human Hemoblobin(9001), and Human Hemoblobin(9003) which balances the iron level in the body, were increased after the administration of herbal acupuncture. Conousion : Above results support the notion that intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture induce changes in serum proteins and this research can be a pioneer work in finding biomarkers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2002

Osteoporosis, the typical metabolic bone disease of the elderly, is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Genetic and environmental factors are known to play a key role in bone metabolism, and diet is also considered to be one of the important factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship among the factors affecting BMD, including stature, body weight, age, time period since onset of menopause, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Seventy-eight postmenopausal women who visited health promotion center for health examinations volunteered to participate in this study and they were divided into two groups according to the time period since onset of menopause : women with a time period since onset of menopause of less than 5 years (Group 1) and women with a time period since onset of menopause of 5 years or more (Group 2). The demographic characteristics and dietary intake were surveyed using a questionnaire. BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of subjects were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), known to be indicators of bone related hormone status, were anlyzed. Serum samples were measured for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin as bone formation indicators, and urine was analysed for deoxypyridinoline, creatinine, calcium, and sodium as bone resorption indicators. The results are as follow : The mean BMDs of the lumbar spin and femoral neck were $1.02 \pm 0.02 g/cm^2 and 0.81 \pm 0.02 g/cm^2 respectively, and the BMD level of Group 2 was significantly lower than tat of Group 1 (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). The mean daily intake of energy was 1838 $\pm$ 55 kcal. When nutrient intake was compared with the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of the subjects, only calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin intake showed means lower than the RDA. The nutrient intake did not show any significant differences between Group 1 and 2 Serum and urine levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover did not show any significant differences between Group 1 and 2, and all were within the normal range. However, the PTH and deoxypyridinoline levels showed a tendency to be higher, and the osteocalcin level to be lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. Although age and years after menopause (YAM) showed negative correlations with lumbar spine bone mineral density (LBMD) (r= -0.38, p<0.001, and r= -0.26, p< 0.05, respectively), no correlation was found with femoral neck bone mineral density (NBMD). While height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) showed a positive correlation with LBMD (r= 0.32, p<0.001, r= 0.38, p<0.001, r= 0.22, p= 0.05, respectively), only body weight and BMI showed a positive correlation with NBMD (r= 0.30, p<0.01, and r= 0.27, p<0.05, respectivley). There was no significant corealtion between BMDs and the nutrient intake of subjects, except in the case of carbohydrates (r= 0.22, p<0.05). Also, serum and urine levels of bone turnover markers showed no significant correlation with nutrient intake. On the other hand, serum osteocalcin had a positive correlation with vitamin C intake (r= 0.22, p= 0.05), and urine deoxypyridinolin showed a negative correlation with niacin intake (r= -0.22, p= 0.05). Urinary na was negatively correlated with protein intake(r= -0.23, p= 0.05). The results suggested that it is difficult to prevent the decrease in bone mass among postmenopausal women eating the usual Korean diet. However, the BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were positively related to body weight ad BMI in postmenopausal women. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone loss in postmenopausal women would be to maintain an adequate body weight with balanced nutrient intake and activity in the pre-and postmenopausal periods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-37
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• 1975

I. Subject of the study A study on the nutritive value and utilization of powdered seaweeds. II. Purpose and Importance of the study A. In Korea the shortage of food will be inevitable by the rapidly growing population. It will be very important study to develop a new food from the seaweeds which were not used hitherto for human consumption. B. The several kinds of seaweeds have been used by man in Korea mainly as side-dishes. However, a properly powdered seaweed will enable itself to be a good supplement or mixture to certain cereal flours. C. By adding the powdered seaweed to any cereals which have long been staple foods in this country the two fold benefits; saving of cereals and change of dietary pattern, will be secured. III. Objects and scope of the study A. Objects of the study The objects will come under four items. 1. To develop a powdered seaweed as a new food from the seaweeds which have been not used for human consumption. 2. To evaluate the nutritional quality of the products the analysis for chemical composition and animal feeding experiment will be conducted. 3. Experimental cocking and accepability test will be conducted for the powdered products to evaluate the value as food stuff. 4. Sanitary test and also economical analysis will be conducted for the powdered products. B. Scope of the study 1. Production of seaweed powders Sargassum fulvellum growing in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast were used as the material for the powders. These algae, which have been not used for human consumption, were pulverized through the processes of washing, drying, pulverization, etc. 2. Nutritional experiments a. Chemical composition Proximate components (water, protein, fat, cellulose, sugar, ash, salt), minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine), vitamins (A, $B_1,\;B_2$ niacin, C) and amino acids were analyzed for the seaweed powders. b. Animal feeding experiment Weaning 160 rats (80 male and 80 female rats) were used as experimental animals, dividing them into 16 groups, 10 rats each group. Each group was fed for 12 weeks on cereal diet (Wheat flour, rice powder, barley powder, potato powder, corn flour) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. After the feeding the growth, feed efficiency ratio, protain efficiency ratio and ,organs weights were checked and urine analysis, feces analysis and serum analysis were also conducted. 3. Experimental cooking and acceptability test a. Several basic studies were conducted to find the characteristics of the seaweed powder. b. 17 kinds of Korean dishes and 9 kinds of foreign dishes were prepared with cereal flours (wheat, rice, barley, potato, corn) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. c. Acceptability test for the dishes was conducted according to plank's Form. 4. Sanitary test The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) in the seaweed powders were determined. 5. Economical analysis The retail price of the seaweed powder was compared with those of other cereals in the market. And also economical analysis was made from the nutritional point of view, calculating the body weight gained in grams per unit price of each feeding diet. IV. Results of the study and the suggestion for application A. Chemical composition 1. There is no any big difference in proximate components between powders of Sargassum fulvellum in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast. Seasonal difference is also not significant. Higher levels of protein, cellulose, ash and salt were found in the powders compared with common cereal foods. 2. The levels of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the powders were significantly higher than common cereal foods and also rich in iodine (I). Existence of vitamin A and vitamin C in the Powders is different point from cereal foods. Vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$ are also relatively rich in the powders.'Vitamin A in ·Sargassum fulvellum is high and the levels of some minerals and vitamins are seemed4 to be some influenced by seasons. 3. In the amino acid composition methionine, isoleucine, Iysine and valine are limiting amino acids. The protein qualities of Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum patens C.A. are seemed to be .almost same and generally ·good. Seasonal difference in amino acid composition was found. B. Animal feeding experiment 1. The best growth was found at.10% supplemental level of the seaweed Powder and lower growth rate was shown at 30% level. 2. It was shown that 15% supplemental level of the Seaweed powder seems to fulfil, to some extent the mineral requirement of the animals. 3. No any changes were found in organs development except that, in kidney, there found decreasing in weight by increasing the supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 4. There is no any significant changes in nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, serum calcium and urinary calcium in each supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 5. In animal feeding experiment it was concluded that $5%{\sim}15%$ levels supplementation of the seaweed powder are possible. C. Experimental cooking and acceptability test 1. The seaweed powder showed to be utilized more excellently in foreign cookings than in Korean cookings. Higher supplemental level of seaweed was passible in foreign cookings. 2. Hae-Jo-Kang and Jeon-Byung were more excellent than Song-Pyun, wheat cake, Soo-Je-Bee and wheat noodle. Hae-Je-Kang was excellent in its quality even as high as 5% supplemental level. 3. The higher levels of supplementation were used the more sticky cooking products were obtained. Song-Pyun and wheat cake were palatable and lustrous in 2% supplementation level. 4. In drop cookie the higher levels of supplementation, the more crisp product was obtained, compared with other cookies. 5. Corn cake, thin rice gruel, rice gruel and potato Jeon-Byung were more excellent in their quality than potato Man-Doo and potato noodle. Corn cake, thin rice gruel and rice gruel were excellent even as high as 5% supplementation level. 6. In several cooking Porducts some seaweed-oder was perceived in case of 3% or more levels of supplementation. This may be much diminished by the use of proper condiments. D. Sanitary test It seems that there is no any heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) problem in these seaweed Powders in case these Powders are used as supplements to any cereal flours E. Economical analysis The price of the seaweed powder is lower than those of other cereals and that may be more lowered when mass production of the seaweed powder is made in future. The supplement of the seaweed powder to any cereals is also economical with the criterion of animal growth rate. F. It is recommended that these seaweed powders should be developed and used as supplement to any cereal flours or used as other food material. By doing so, both saving of cereals and improvement of individual's nutrition will greatly be achieved. It is also recommended that the feeding experiment for men would be conducted in future.