• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2022

Objective: Methionine (Met) is involved in methyl group transfer besides protein synthesis. As the availability is limited and cost is high for synthetic Met, reductions in its inclusion in broiler diet may be possible by supplementing the low Met diets with methyl donors (MD) like betaine (Bet), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (B12), and biotin (Bio). An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the MD on performance (average daily gain [ADG], daily feed intake, feed efficiency [FE]), anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein concentration in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of dietary Met. Methods: Maize-soybean meal diet was used as control (CD). Different MD like Bet (0.2%), B12 (0.1 mg), FA (4 mg), or Bio (1.5 mg/kg) were supplemented to basal diet (BD) having no supplemental Met. The BD without MD was kept for comparison. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 25 chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age. Results: At the end of experiment, the ADG in MD group was higher than BD and lower than CD. The FE improved with FA or Bet compared to the BD. Breast meat weight was higher in Bet compared to the BD, while it was intermediate between BD and CD in other groups. The lipid peroxidation reduced with Bio, B12, or Bet, while the glutathione peroxidase activity improved with Bio or B12 compared to the BD. Lymphocyte proliferation improved with Bet compared to the BD. The serum protein concentrations increased with FA, Bio, or Bet compared to those fed BD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ADG can be improved partially with supplementation of MD while the FE improved with FA or Bet. Some MD also reduced the stress indices and improved immune responses compared to the BD fed broilers.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PHEX, which encodes a phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog. We report a 26-year-old man with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets who showed decreased serum phosphate accompanied by bilateral genu valgum and short stature. He had received medical treatment with vitamin D (alfacalcidol) and phosphate from the age of 3 to 20 years. He underwent surgery due to valgus deformity at the age of 14 and 15. Targeted gene panel sequencing for Mendelian genes identified a nonsense mutation in PHEX (c.589C>T; p.Gln197Ter) and a mosaic pattern where only 38% of sequence reads showed the variant allele. This mutation was not found in his mother, who had a normal phenotype. This is a case of a sporadic nonsense mutation in PHEX and up to date, this is the first case of a mosaic mutation in PHEX in Korea.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2021

We report a rare case of anti-viral agent induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia presented with localized and radicular pain. A 51-year-old man, who had been taking adefovir for chronic hepatitis, had experienced low back pain radiating to his right thigh for 2 years. With impression of lumbar disc herniation, he underwent magnetic resonance imaging and found multi-level disc herniation with facet joint synovial cysts. He received transforaminal epidural steroid injections, however, symptoms did not improve. To find other possible causes, additional tests were performed. Blood tests revealed hypophosphatemia and increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and osteoporosis was noted in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with multiple hot uptakes in bone scan. After replacement of adefovir to entecavir and supplement of phosphate and vitamin D, phosphate level and the clinical symptoms were improved. This is the first to report the presentation of osteomalacia due to anti-viral agent as radicular low back pain with facet synovial cysts.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2007

By comparing the proteins from the workers exposed to styrene with the ones from controls, it may be possible to identify proteins that play a role in the occurrence and progress of occupational disease and thus to study the molecular mechanisms of occupational disease. In order to find the biomarkers for assessing the styrene effects early, before clinical symptoms develop and to understand the mechanisms of adverse health effects, we surveyed 134 employees, among whom 52 workers(30 male and 22 female) were chronically exposed to styrene in 10 glass-reinforced plastic boat manufacturing factories in Korea and 82 controls had never been occupationally exposed to hazardous chemicals including styrene. The age and drinking habits and serum biochemistry such as total protein, BUN and serum creatinine in both groups were significantly different. Exposed workers were divided into three groups according to exposure levels of styrene(G1, below 1/2 TLV; G2, 1/2 TLV to TLV; G3, above TLV). The mean concentration of airborne styrene in G1 group was $10.93{\pm}11.33ppm$, and those of urinary mandelic acid(MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid(PGA) were $0.17{\pm}0.21$ and $0.13{\pm}0.11g/g$ creatinine, respectively. The mean concentration of airborne styrene in G2 and G3 groups were $47.54{\pm}22.43$ and $65.33{\pm}33.47ppm$, respectively, and levels of urinary metabolites such as MA and PGA increased considerably as expected with the increase in exposure level of styrene. The airborne styrene concentration were significantly correlated to the urinary concentration of MA(r=0.784, p=0.000) and PGA(r=0.626, p<0.001). In the 2D electrophoresis, the concentration of five proteins including complement C3 precursor, alpha-1-antitrypsin(AAT), vitamin D binding protein precursor(DBP), alpha-1-B-glycoprotein(A1BG) and inter alpha trypsin inhibitor(ITI) heavy chain-related protein were significantly altered in workers exposed to styrene compared with controls. While expression of complement C3 precursor and AAT increased by exposure to styrene, expression of DBP, A1BG and ITI heavy chain-related protein decreased. These results suggest that the exposure of styrene might affects levels of plasma proteinase, carriers of endogenous substances and immune system. In particular, increasing of AAT with the increase in exposure level of styrene can explain the tissue damage and inflammation by the imbalance of proteinase/antiproteinase and decrease of DBP, A1BG and ITI heavy chain-related protein in workers exposed to styrene is associated with dysfunction and/or declination in immune system and signal transduction

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2009

만성 신질환 환아들의 치료는 신대체 요법과 더불어 적절한 식이 요법, 수분, 전해질 및 산-염기의 관리, 신장 골형성 장애의 예방 및 치료, 빈혈과 고혈압, 성장 지연의 치료 등으로 이루어진다. 식이 요법은 환아들의 성장이 충분히 이루어질 수 있도록 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질 및 열량의 공급이 적절하게 이루어져야 한다. 수분, 전해질 및 산-염기의 상태를 확인하고 적절하게 관리해야 한다. 혈청 칼슘, 인, 부갑상선 호르몬 농도가 사구체 여과율에 따른 적절한 목표치 안에서 유지될 수 있도록 인 결합 제제와 비타민 D 제제를 투여하여 신장 골형성 장애를 예방하여야 한다. 적혈구 생산 촉진제와 철분 제제를 투여하여 혈색소 값을 11-12 g/dl로 유지하여야 한다. 수분 및 염분의 균형과 적절한 항고혈압제의 투여로 고혈압을 조절해야 한다. 사람 재조합 성장 호르몬을 투여하여 최종 성인 키를 호전시키도록 한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.382-395
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• 2007

The herb, Cajanus indicus L, is well known for its hepatoprotective action. A 43 kD protein has been isolated, purified and partially sequenced from the leaves of this herb. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that this protein might be a major component responsible for the hepatoprotective action of the herb. Our successive studies have been designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of this protein in protecting the hepatic as well as renal tissues from the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress. The experimental groups of mice were exposed to NaF at a dose of 600 ppm through drinking water for one week. This exposure significantly altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and the cellular metabolites such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total thiols, lipid peroxidation end products in liver and kidney compared to the normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the protein at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for seven days followed by NaF treatment (600 ppm for next seven days) normalized the activities of the hepato-renal antioxidant enzymes, the level of cellular metabolites and lipid peroxidation end products. Post treatment with the protein for four days showed that it could help recovering the damages after NaF administration. Time-course study suggests that the protein could stimulate the recovery of both the organs faster than natural process. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, and a non-relevant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been included in the study to validate the experimental data. Combining all, result suggests that NaF could induce severe oxidative stress both in the liver and kidney tissues in mice and the protein possessed the ability to attenuate that hepato-renal toxic effect of NaF probably via its antioxidant activity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.783-795
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• 2010

This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: $44.4\;{\pm}\;7.8\;yrs$). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic ($134.1\;{\pm}\;1.4\;mmHg$) and the diastolic blood ($87.9\;{\pm}\;1.1\;mmHg$) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG ($173.6\;{\pm}\;9.4\;mg/dL$) and fasting blood glucose ($109.0\;{\pm}\;2.4\;mg/dL$) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.679-685
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• 2010

관절염은 증상 발현 이후 치료 효과가 매우 더디게 나타나기 때문에 조기 발견과 그에 따른 적절한 처치가 무엇보다도 중요하다. 따라서 많은 연구자들은 관절염 질환모델을 통한 조기 진단 인자의 발견을 위해 그 동안 지속적으로 연구해 오고 있는 실정이다. 개에서 고관절 탈구와 이형성은 정형외과에서 흔한 질병으로 고관절의 관절염과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 관절염 유발을 위해서는 흔히 대퇴골두인대의 절단이 필요한데 이는 대퇴골두인대의 절단을 통해 관절의 움직임을 극대화 시키기 위한 방법이다. 지금까지 유발 관절염에 대한 관절액의 분석을 위해서 프로테오믹스를 이용한 연구는 매우 드물다. 실험동물은 열 마리의 건강한 수컷 비글견을 사용하였으며, 나이는 2-3세 (평균 $2.57{\pm}0.20$ 살), 몸무게는 10 - 16kg (평균 $11.90{\pm}1.68 kg$) 이었다. 실험 기간 동안 방사선검사, 일반혈액검사, 혈청화학검사상 특이사항이 없었다. 실험동물은 술 후 평균 일주일에 보행을 하였다. Proteomic 검사 상, 관절액의 단백질 변화가 보여졌으며 단백질의 변화의 유의성검증을 위해 ANOVA (p < 0.05)테스트를 실시하였다. 실험 결과로는 프로테오믹스 검사에서는2개의 단백질 점(Vitamin D-binding protein precursor, ANOVA (p < 0.004); Kinogen-1, ANOVA (p < 0.039))이 유의성 있게 증가되는 모습이 확인하였다(ANOVA (p < 0.05)). 이 두 단백질은 류마티스 관절염, 혹은 퇴행성 관절염에서도 증가하는 경향이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 실험에서 관절염 유발 방법으로 이용한 대퇴골두인대의 절단은 관절염 유발에 적절한 모델이었으며 또한 고관절에서 관절액 단백질의 변화를 유도할 수 있는 적합한 방법이라고 생각된다. 따라서 관절염 유발 모델에서 프로테오믹스를 이용한 관절액 변화의 관찰은 실제 임상에 있어서 관절염 조기 진단방법으로 매우 유용성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of vertebral fracture (VF) in children with chronic liver disease (CLD) with and without liver transplantation (LT) and to determine the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients aged 3-21 years with CLD both before and after LT were enrolled in the study. Lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs were obtained and assessed for VF using Mäkitie's method. Clinical and biochemical data were collected. Results: We enrolled 147 patients (80 females; median age 8.8 years [interquartile range 6.0-11.8]; 110 [74.8%] in the LT group and 37 [25.2%] in the non-LT group). VF was identified in 21 patients (14.3%): 17/110 (15.5%) in the LT group and 4/37 (10.8%) in the non-LT group (p=0.54). Back pain was noted in only three patients with VF. In the univariate analysis, a height z-score below -2.0 (p=0.010), pre-LT hepatopulmonary syndrome (p=0.014), elevated serum direct and total bilirubin levels (p=0.037 and p=0.049, respectively), and vitamin D deficiency at 1-year post-LT (p=0.048) were associated with VF in the LT group. In multivariate analysis, height z-score below -2.0 was the only significant associated factor (odds ratio, 5.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-23.76; p=0.012) for VF. All VFs in the non-LT group were reported in males. Conclusion: In children with CLD, VF is common before and after LT. Most patients with VF are asymptomatic. Screening for VF should be considered in patients with a height z-score below -2.0 after LT.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2001

A cell-based assay system for monitoring NF-$textsc{k}$B activity was developed to determine the influence of activated NF-$textsc{k}$B in human HaCaT cells. The pNF-$textsc{k}$B-SEAP-NPT plasmid that permits expression of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reported gene in response to the NF-$textsc{k}$B activity and contains neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene for the geneticin resistance in host cells was constructed and transfected into human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Human HaCaT transfectant cells secreted the SEAP enzyme into the culture medium in a time-dependent manner until 72h. NF-$textsc{k}$B activities were measured in the SEAP reporter gene assay using a fluorescent detection method. The treatment of HaCaT cell transfectants with known antioxidants [e.g., N-acetyl-L-cysteine and vitamin C] showed inhibition of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) known as a stimulator of NF-$textsc{k}$B expression demonstrated that it increased NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This assay system could be used to determine the quantitative measurement of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in the human skin and allow the screening of anti-inflammatory agents from various synthetic chemicals and natural products for dermatological purpose. Abbrevitions used: NF-$textsc{k}$B, nuclear factor kappa B; I-$textsc{k}$B, Inhibitory kappa B; SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase; NPT, neomycin phosphotransferease; PCR, polymerase chain reaction: dNTP, deoxynucleoside triphosphates; DMEM, dulbecco’s modified eagle medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PBs, phosphate-buffered saline; MUP, 4-methylumbellifery phosphate; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.