• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the association between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and the cognitive functions in Korean elderly. Methods: The subjects were 393 adults aged 60 years or older who participated in the Yangpyeong cohort between July 2009 and August 2010. The subjects were classified into deficiency, insufficiency, or adequacy groups according to the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration diagnostic criteria suggested by the US Institute of Medicine (IOM). The cognitive function was assessed based on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC). The dietary intake was assessed using the quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 106 food items. Results: The proportions of deficiency, insufficiency, or adequacy in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 6.6%, 44.5%, and 48.9%, respectively. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly higher in men than in women and in outdoor workers than in other occupations. The adequacy group had higher MMSE-KC scores than the other two groups, but not to a significant degree. The proportion of cognitive impairment tended to decrease with increasing serum vitamin D concentration to deficiency, insufficiency, and adequacy (p for trend = 0.029). The deficiency group had a 2.28 times higher risk of cognitive impairment than the adequacy group, but the difference was not statistically significant (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.18 ~ 1.07, p for trend = 0.119). Conclusion: The serum vitamin D concentration tended to be associated with the cognitive function in elderly Koreans living in rural areas. To confirm the associations, further longitudinal studies with large samples were required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

This study explored the association between the bone nutrition indicators and the bone mineral density (BMD) in 138 apparently healthy elderly (male: 38, female: 100) dwelling in a low income area of the city. Dietary intakes were estimated from two meals (breakfast ＆ dinner) and snack using 24 hr-recall method and lunch with weighing over 3 consecutive days. Female elderly showed significant lower intakes (p<0.001∼p<0-05) for most of the nutrients except calcium and vitamin C than the elderly male. Calcium and vitamin D intakes for both male and female were 331.0 mg, 1.89 $\mu\textrm{g}$ and 308.6 mg, 1.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively and they were below the 50% of the RDA. Both the BMDs at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were positively correlated with the energy intake, calcium intake and vitamin D intake (p<0.05, respectively) for male. In female BMDs of the both sites were positively correlated with the intakes of carbohydrates, protein, lipid, calcium and vitamin D (p<0.01∼p<0.05). Female showed higher serum osteocalcin (p<0.01) and urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (DPYR/CR) (p<0.001), meaning that female had elevated rate in bone turn over and bone resorption. The proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency assessed with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$<10 mg/mL was 35.0% for female and 23.7% for male, respectively Both the BMDs at lumbar spine and trochanter were positively correlated with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$ but BMDs in most of the sites were negatively associated with urinary DPYR/CR, phosphate/CR. Stepwise multiple regression showed physical activity, serum alkaline phosphatase, weight, vitamin D explained 47.6% of the variation of the LS BMD. The indicator variable for serum alkaline phosphatase was negatively associated with LS BMD. However, the indicator variable for weight and vitamin D intake were positive and significant (p=0.0087, p=0.0007, respectively). For FN BMD, the indicator variable for age and serum alkaline phosphatase were negative and significant (p<0.0075, p<0.0015, respectively) and the weight was positively associated with the FN BMD.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Considering important role of vitamin D in many physiological processes including vestibular system in the ear, aim of present study is to evaluate saccule function via cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Subjects and Methods: After routine audiological tests, cVEMP were recorded in 15 patients with vitamin D deficiency and 16 normal subjects. The short tone burst (95 dB nHL, 500 Hz) was presented to ears. cVEMP was recorded with surface electromyography over the contracted ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Results: Mean of p13, n13, interpeak latencies and amplitude ratios were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis did not show differences between two groups. Conclusions: Maybe serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not low enough to have effect on saccule in the patients in present study or saccule have had low susceptibility to effects of vitamin D deficiency. For better judgment about effect of vitamin D deficiency on saccular function planning studies with high sample size is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Considering important role of vitamin D in many physiological processes including vestibular system in the ear, aim of present study is to evaluate saccule function via cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Subjects and Methods: After routine audiological tests, cVEMP were recorded in 15 patients with vitamin D deficiency and 16 normal subjects. The short tone burst (95 dB nHL, 500 Hz) was presented to ears. cVEMP was recorded with surface electromyography over the contracted ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Results: Mean of p13, n13, interpeak latencies and amplitude ratios were measured in both groups. Statistical analysis did not show differences between two groups. Conclusions: Maybe serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not low enough to have effect on saccule in the patients in present study or saccule have had low susceptibility to effects of vitamin D deficiency. For better judgment about effect of vitamin D deficiency on saccular function planning studies with high sample size is recommended.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

The present study was conducted to assess the association between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women. The data of a total of 9,256 adults (4,196 premenopausal women and 4,340 postmenopausal women) aged ≥ 20 years from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010-2012) were analyzed. The key study results were as follows: First, in women without MetS, after adjusting for related variables (age, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, SBP, DBP, WM, TC, TGs, HDL-C, FPG, Hb, Hct, and Fe), vitamin D status was positively associated with serum ferritin levels (premenopausal, p < 0.001; postmenopausal, p = 0.027). Second, in women with MetS, after adjusting for related variables, vitamin D status was not associated with serum ferritin levels (premenopausal, p = 0.739; postmenopausal, p = 0.278). In conclusions, vitamin D status was positively associated with serum ferritin levels in women without MetS but not in women with MetS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

The effects of vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectmized rats were investigated. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 180 g) were divided into two group, ovariectomy and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and casein supplemented with vitamin $D_{3}$ diets. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXlmus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 6 weeks after feeding. Osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. Serum Ca concentration and urinary Ca excretion were higher in vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented group than in casein group in Sham and OVX. Crosslinks values were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups. Spine BMD and femur BMD of ovariectomy group were significantly lower than Sham groups, however vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented groups were significantly higher than control groups in Sham and OVX. In conclusion, dietary vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on ovariectimized rats were significantly increased bone mineral density and bone mineral content in spine and femur.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

It has been reported that taking a proper amount of calcium and vitamin D helps to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and is effective in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. This study investigated the supplementary effects of calcium and vitamin D on postmenopausal women who had osteoporosis and used calcium and vitamin D supplements. The study subjects consisted of osteoporotic postmenopausal women who were recruited from the Department of Orthopedics in a university-affiliated hospital. Sixty-seven study subjects were orally administrated 1,000 mg of calcium (calcium carbonate) and 2.5 mg of active vitamin D (1-$\alpha$ hydroxyvitamin D) (cholecalciferol 250 IU) twice a day for a year and a half. BMD and biochemical markers were evaluated and repeated every six months. One year after the intervention test, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was significantly increased as compared to the baseline. Six months after supplement administration, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase began to decrease, and afterwards a significant difference was maintained Concentration of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D at 1.5 years was higher than that of the baseline. In comparison with that of the baseline, the level of urinary hydroxyproline in the study subjects over six months was significantly decreased This study continued that effects such as BMD improvement and changes in biochemical markers appeared at least one year after administration of supplements.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.775-788
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Koreans is quite high; however, until recently, Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) had not analyzed the vitamin D intake among Koreans. Additionally, the Korean Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D was established based on insufficient evidence. Therefore, we investigated vitamin D intake and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults using the combined data from the 2009-2011 KNHANES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in 11,949 healthy adults. Vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method, and the BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 64% in men and 77% in women. In women aged ≥ 50 yrs and men aged < 50 yrs, there was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level after sun exposure adjustment. The BMD of postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 yrs with a vitamin D intake of 5 ㎍/day or more was significantly higher than that of women with intake less than 5 ㎍/day. After adjusting for age, energy, and calcium intake, the vitamin D intake of the osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of the osteopenia group in women. CONCLUSIONS: Since the relationship between vitamin D intake and BMD was observed in women aged ≥ 50 yrs, further research is needed to clarify these findings using cohort or randomized controlled trials.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Purpose: We aimed to investigate how serum vitamin D levels are related to survival of terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: From May 2012 through June 2013, a retrospective chart review was performed on 96 hospice patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and Coxcy and Coxional hazard analyses were used to evaluate effects on survival. Results: The mean vitamin D level in patients was $8.60{\pm}7.16ng/ml$. Vitamin D was severely deficient (<10 ng/ml) in 75 patients (78.2%), deficient (10~20 ng/ml) in 13 patients (13.5%), relatively insufficient (21~29 ng/ml) in five patients (8.3%) and sufficient ((t ng/ml) in three patients (3.1%). Hyperbilirubinemia (${\geq}1.2g/dl$) was the only factor associated with severe vitamin D deficiency according to the multiple logistic regression analysis (Odds ratio, OR=18.48, P<0.05). Although hyperbilirubinemia showed a strong association with survival (Hazard ratio, HR=2.25, P<0.01), no association was found between severe vitamin D deficiency and survival (HR=1.15, P>0.05) in Cox's proportional hazard analysis. Conclusion: Although serum vitamin D levels were severely low in terminally ill cancer patients, we found no association between severe vitamin D deficiency and patient survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3377-3381
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• 2014

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with vitamin D deficiency as shown in recently published studies. In addition, prospective investigations have indicated that low vitamin D levels may be associated with increased mortality of colorectal cancer, especially in stage III and IV cases. However, the exact incidence of vitamin D deficiency and the relation between vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia/osteporosis is still not known. The aim of this study is to identify severity of vitamin D deficiency and absolute risk factors of osteopenia/osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A total of 113 colorectal cancer survivors treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy ${\pm}$ radiotherapy were recruited from medical oncology outpatient clinics during routine follow-up visits in 2012-2013. Bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was performed, and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were also checked on the same day of the questionnaire. The patients was divided into 2 groups, group A with normal BMD and group B with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Results: The median age of the study population was 58 (40-76). Thirty (30.0%) were female, whereas 79 (70.0%) were male. The median follow-up was 48 months (14-120 months). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 109 (96.5%); mild deficiency (20-30 ng/ml) in 19 (16.8%), moderate deficiency (10-20 ng/ml) in 54 (47.8%) and severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml) in 36 (31.9%). Osteopenia was evident in 58 (51.4%) patients whereas osteoporosis was noted in 17 (15.0%). Normal BMD was observed in 38 (33.6%). No apparent effects of type of surgery, presence of stoma, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and TNM stage were found regarding the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Also, the severity of the vitamin D deficiency had no effect in the risk of osteopenia and osteporosis (p=0.93). In female patients, osteopenia/osteoporosis were observed in 79.5% patients as compared to 60.7% of male patients (p=0.04). Conclusions: In our study, vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia/osteoporosis was observed in 96.5% and 66.4% of colorectal cancer survivors, respectively. There is no defined absolute risk factor of osteopenia and osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors. To our knowledge, in the literature, our study is the first to evaluateall the risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in colorectal cancer survivors.