• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.357-364
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• 1992

Artemisia Iwayomogi Compositae) has been used clinically for jaundice, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. The purposes of present study were to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia Iwayomogi water extract(AIWE) on biochemical parameters (activities of ALP and LAP, contents of glucose, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin in serum, A/G ratio, and levels of hepatic glycogen) against hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rats. The results were as follows ; 1. Increased ALP activities by $CCl_4$ were very significantly(p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 72 hours and significantly(p<0.05) decreased in AIWE pretreatment groups at 72 hours. Increased LAP activities by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 72 hours. A little increased total bilirubin contents by $CCl_4$ were very significantly (p<0.001) decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours. 2. Increased glucose contents by $CCl_4$ were decreased in AIWE posttreatment groups. Decreased hepatic glycogen levels by $CCl_4$, were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 and 72 hours. 3. Decreased total protein contents by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48, 72 hours. Decreased albumin contents by $CCl_4$ were increased in proportion to numbers of AIWE treatments in AIWE pre- and posttreatement groups. Decreased A/G ratios by $CCl_4$ were significantly (p<0.05) increased in AIWE posttreatment groups at 48 hours. In conclusion, AIWE did not affect normal liver function and had hepatoprotective effects rather than direct preventive effects to $CCl_4$-induced cholestasis, damages in metabolisms of glucose, protein and bilirubin.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2010

Effect of ethanol (ASE) and water (ASW) extracts of Argyreia speciosa on blood glucose and lipid profile was investigated in normoglycemic and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals. In oral glucose and sucrose tolerance test, treatment with ASE and ASW (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Glidenclamide (10 mg/kg) significantly improved the glucose and sucrose tolerance in normal animals. In addition, respective treatment for fifteen-day resulted in significant percentage reduction in serum glucose (SG) ie., 30.39% (lower dose of ASE) and 33.21% (higher dose of ASW). In standardized STZ (50 mg/kg, iv)-induced diabetic rats, a single dose of ASE and ASW treatment exhibited reduction in SG levels at different time intervals compared to basal levels. Administration of both the doses of ASE and ASW for fifteen-day days exhibited greater percentage reduction in glycemia (24.6%, 24.7%, 23.9% and 21.9% respectively) and also ameliorated restored to near normal value of all tested lipid parameters. Further, treatment also exhibited significantly improved glucose tolerance over the period of 120 min compared to diabetic control group. Eventhough treatment failed to increase serum insulin levels significantly but peripheral utilization of insulin was increased as evident by insulin tolerance test. Taken together, present study supports the traditional usage of title plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.69-89
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-oxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Sungyoutanggagambang(SYTG). Methods: In the study of anti-oxidant activities. SYTG was investigated by DPPH radical scavenger activity. superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity. In the study of anti-inflammatory effects. SYTG was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation. levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were measured in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. Results: Prior to the experiment. we investigated the security of SYTG by measuring GOT and GPT in serum. 1. SYTG showed high antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent degree by measured scavenging activity of DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. 2. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6. TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree in RAW264.7 cell line. 3. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production significantly at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and TNF-$\alpha$ production significantly at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ as compared with the control group in RA W264.7 cell line. 4. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, and IL-6 production significantly as compared with the control group in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. and decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in spleen tissue. and also decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in liver tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that SYTG can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion. chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol (EtAS), ethyl acetate (EAAS) and aqueous (AQAS) extracts of Argyreia speciosa (AS) roots against Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The animals were exposed to isoproterenol (200 mg/kg. s.c) twice at an interval of 24 hrs. Cardioprotective effect was assessed by observing ECG parameters, serum marker enzymes and histopathology of the heart. Pretreatment of EAAS, and EtAS (200 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) increase in P wave, QRS complex and R-R interval, whereas heart rate, QT interval and cardiac cycle were maintained near to normal values. EtAS and EAAS showed significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.001) reduction in all the tested diagnostic markers compared to ISO treated group. Histological studies on the structural changes of heart tissue supported the protective activity of AS. The result suggest that treatment of AS prior to ISO has a significant role in protecting the animals from ISO induced myocardial infarction.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Cilostazol has both antithrombotic and cerebral vasodilating effects, and one of the mechanism is the selective inhibition of platalet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the $Pletaal^{TM}$ (Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.) and the LG $Cilostazol^{TM}$ (LG Chemical Co.), was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen normal male volunteers ($20\sim29$ years old) were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$ cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of $Pletaal^{TM}$ or LG $Cilostazol^{TM}$ tablet (100 mg cilostazol), blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the serum cilostazol concentrations were determined using an HPLC method with UV/VIS detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max})$ were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis. The results showed that the differences in AUCt, C_{max} and Tmax between two tablets based on the $Pletaal^{TM}$ tablet were $-5.39\%,\;2.32\%\;and\;4.26\%$, respectively. The powers (1-${\beta}$) for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;83.81\%,\;96.02\%\;and\;91.04%$, respectively. Minimum detectable differences ($\Delta$) and $90\%$ confidence intervals were all less than $\pm20\%$. All these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that LG $Cilostazol^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Pletaal^{TM}$ tablet.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6721-6726
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this preliminary study was to address variations of responses observed with different starting tumor sizes of 10 and 15 mm, and the effects of different doses of tamoxifen (TAM) on experimental rat mammary tumors. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five inbred female Sprague Dawley rats aged 43 days were administered with three weekly doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) intraperitoneally (ip) at 50 mg/kg body weight. Animals were randomized (beginning from 10 mm tumor size) into four TAM-treated (50, 100, 200 and $500{\mu}g/day$) groups of six animals each, and another group (n=6) treated with TAM $100{\mu}g/day$ at starting tumour size of 15 mm. The animals were treated by oral gavage daily for 8 weeks before sacrifice. Results: Serum urea and creatinine, and overall physical tumor burden were significantly modulated in animals treated with variable doses of TAM compared to the untreated controls (n=5). Final body weight and tumor number were significantly different in the 10 mm-treated animals compared to those treated at 15 mm. There were no significant differences in histopathological features among all the groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the importance of standardizing tumour size and drug doses before initiation of treatment, particularly in the direct comparison of basic end-tumour physical parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2005

The nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the essential catalytic enzyme for the viral replication and is an appealing target for the development of new therapeutic agents against HCV infection. A small amount of serum from a single patient with hepatitis C was used to get the genome of a Korean HCV isolate. Sequence analysis of NS5B 1701 nucleotides showed the genotype of a Korean isolate to be subtype 1b. The soluble recombinant HCV NS5B polymerase lacking the C-terminal 24 amino acids was expressed and purified to homogeneity. With the highly purified NS5B protein, we established in vitro systems for RdRp activity to identify potential polymerase inhibitors. The rhodanine family compounds were found to be potent and specific inhibitors of NS5B from high throughput screening (HTS) assay utilizing the scintillation proximity assay (SPA) system. The binding mode of an inhibitor was analyzed by measuring various kinetic parameters. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the inhibitor suggested it binds not to the active site of NS5B polymerase, but to an allosteric site of the enzyme. The activity of NS5B in in vitro polymerase reactions with homopolymeric RNA requires interaction with multiple substrates that include a template/primer and ribonucleotide triphosphate. Steady-state kinetic parameter, such as Km, was determined for the ribonucleotide triphosphate. One of compounds found interacts directly with the viral polymerase and inhibits RNA synthesis in a manner noncompetitively with respect to UTP. Furthermore, we also investigated the ability of the compound to inhibit NS5B-directed viral RNA replication using the Huh7 cell-based HCV replicon system. The investigation is potentially very useful for the utility of such compounds as anti-hepatitic agents.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1994

Subzonal insemination(SUZI) has been proposed for patients with severe male factor and previous fertilization failure. However, very low fertilization rates still persisted. The aims of this study were firstly, to examine the relationships between the fertilization rate and sperm parmeters, sperm incubation media and time, secondly, to evaluate the outcome of 119 cycles of SUZI applied the modified sperm preparation method. The fertilization rates were influenced more sensitively by sperm preincubation media and time than by sperm parameters. According to preincubation media and time, the fertilization rates were 43.3% in 50% follicular fluid (HFF), 36.6% in 10% fetal cord serum(FCS), and with the time, increased in FCS, but decreased in HFF. In regrd with sperm parameters, the fertilization rates were 42.9% in normal and 37.6% in subnormal group. The best results were obtained from SUZI by the spermatozoa incubated in 50% HFF for 6-8 hours. So we tried 119 cycles of SUZI(normal; 39 cycles, subnormal; 80 cycles) using the preparation method of 6-8 hour incubation in 50% HFF. There were no signigicant differences in the fertilization rates between normal(125/269, 46.4%) and subnormal sperm(264/635, 41.6%). Contrary to the fertilization rates, pregnancy outcomes were different between both groups. Better results obtained from the subnormal group than the normal in the number of transferred embryos, that of good embryos, and developmental rate of the fertilized eggs. The pregnancy rates per transfer were totally 13.3%(13/98),20.0%(13/65) in subnormal group. In the normal group, 2 patients showed ${\beta}$-hCG positive, but resulted in chemical pregnancy. Of 13 clinical pregnancies, two aborted, 6 on-going, and 5 delivered. In conclusion, SUZI is an effective technique to overcome fertilization failure for male factor and unexplained. The fertilization rate is influenced by sperm parameters, sperm incubation media and time. Also the quality of oocytes might be important for pregnancy as same as that of sperm.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2003

Chitosan is known to have antibacterial, antitumorogenic, hypolipidemic and immunopotentiating activities, hence finding diverse uses as a component in varying functional foodstuffs. However, some investigators reported it caused mineral absoiption inhibition and excess coagulation. From the chemical viewpoint, conventional chitosans are high-molecule polymers lacking water solubility, which could be related with their possible toxicity. A newly developed low- molecule water soluble chitosan is thought to have low toxicity compared to conventional chitosans. But no investigation was carried out to evaluate its toxicity. In this study, a 28-day subacute oral toxicity study of the water-soluble chitosan was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Each 36 male and female rats were orally administered with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Clinical parameters (growth rate, feed and water consumption, daily inspection, urine analysis) during the 28 days indicated the water-soluble chitosan did not induce any abnonnal changes. There were no abnormal findings due to the administration of the test substance in gross and microscopic findings. We had not found alteration in absolute and relative organ weight between the control and treated groups, with only exception in the liver but lacking dose-dependency. The results of hematology and serum biochemistry examination revealed that no treatment related changes were between control and all dose groups. In conclusion, it was suggested that subacute toxicity of the water-soluble chitosan was low and the no-observed adverse effect level was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Seonpyejeongcheon-tang (SJT) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : In this single oral toxicity study, rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 or 5,000 mg/kg SJT. There were 7 rats in each group. After single administration, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross pathological findings were observed for 14 days. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology were tested after 14 days. Results : There was no mortality or other clinical signs for 14 days. There were also no significant differences in body weight, organ weights, hematological and serum chemical parameters between the SJT and control groups. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose of SJT is over 5,000 mg/kg, so this finding can be expected to provide scientific evidence for the safety of SJT.