• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2018

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with an increasingly prevalent etiology, yet not fully understood. It has been thought that vitamin D, complex B vitamin levels and homocysteine are associated with environmental factors and are important in ASD. The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), homocysteine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate levels in ASD. Methods: In this study, serum vitamin D and VDR, homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels were determined in 60 patients with ASD (aged 3 to 12 years) and in 45 age-gender matched healthy controls. In addition, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, which are associated with vitamin D metabolism, were measured from serum in both groups. ASD severity was evaluted by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Serum vitamin D and VDR were substantially reduced in patients with ASD in comparision to control group. However, homocysteine level was significantly higher and vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate were also reduced in patients with ASD. Total CARS score showed a positive association with homocysteine and a negative correlation with vitamins D,B6, B12, folate and VDR. Conclusion: This comprehensive study, which examines many parameters has shown that low serum levels of vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR as well as high homocysteine are important in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, further studies are required to define the precise mechanism(s) of these parameters and their contributions to the etiology and treatment of ASD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2002

Hyperhomocysteinemia, resulted from an interaction between the mutation of MTHFR gene and B vitamin deficiency, is suggested as a possible cause for complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intakes of B vitamins and serum homocysteine concentrations with the C677T mutation in the MTHFR genotypes in 135 normal pregnant women of 24-28 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake of B vitamins did not differ among the three genotypes, but the negative correlation between dietary folate intake and the serum homocysteine level was the strongest in the T/T type (r ＝ -0.249) than in other genotypes (C/T: r＝ -0.040, C/C:r＝ 0.126, p＜0.05). Among the subject with the T/T type, the pregnant women who consumed folate less than 50% of the RDA had higher serum homocysteine levels than those who consumed folate greater than 125% of the RDA (10.4$\pm$5.9 vs 7.0$\pm$1.5 $\mu$mol/L, p＜0.05). Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the women with micronutrient supplements than those with no supplements in the T/T type, but such relation was not present in the C/C or the C/T type. In conclusion, serum homocysteine concentrations were influenced by the interrelationship between the MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary folate intake or micronutrient supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2006

Elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Serum homocysteine levels may be affected by the MTHFR genotypes and the nutritional status of B vitamins including vitamin $B_2,\;B_6$, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$. We investigated whether postnatal growth measurements were influenced by maternal MTHFR genotypes and their mid-pregnancy serum vitamin B and homocysteine levels. In 130 pregnant women of 24-28 wks of gestation, the MTHFR genotypes, serum B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were analyzed. Physical growth status was assessed in their offsprings by measuring height, weight, and head and chest circumferences from birth up to 24 months. Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the subjects with T/T genotype than those with the C/T or C/C. Heights and head and chest circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum homocysteine levels were above the median. The mean height of offsprings from the T/T mothers was significantly lower than those from the C/C and C/T mothers. The mean weight and head circumferences of offsprings born from the mothers whose mid-term pregnancy PLP levels were in the lowest quartile was significantly lower than those from mothers in the highest quartile. Heights and head circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum FAD levels were in the lowest quartile. These results suggest that postnatal growth up to 24 months may be influenced by the maternal C677T MTHFR genotypes, and mid-pregnancy serum homocysteine and vitamin B status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2005

Elevated homocysteine concentration is known to be related to placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and many adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of folic acid supplementation ($1000{\cal}ug$ per day) and 5, 10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism genotype on serum homocysteine and B vitamin levels in 50 infertile women ($31.2{\pm}3.2\;years$). Blood sampling was performed at baseline and at the end of folic acid supplementation period. In infertile women, serum folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were significantly higher in post-supplementation than those in pre-supplementation. Serum homocysteine concentration was significantly lower in post-supplementation than that in pre-supplementation. However, serum homocysteine levels were still higher in the T/T genotype than those in the C/C or C/T even after folic acid supplementation. Serum homo-cysteine was inversely related to serum folate in T/T homozygotes at baseline and at the end of folic acid supplementation. These results suggest that folic acid supplementation is needed for infertile women to improve their vitamin status and also to reduce the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia. These effects were different according to their MTHFR C677T genotypes. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the optimal level of supplementation of folic acid by MTHFR genotypes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2014

지방유래줄기세포(adipose-derived stem cell; ADSC)는 조직재생을 위한 탁월한 수단으로 인정되고 있으나 세포증식속도가 느려 ADSC의 배양용 배지에는 대게 fetal bovine serum (FBS)이 첨가된다. FBS는 세포에 다양한 영양분을 공급하지만 세포의 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 미 동정 물질도 많이 함유하고 있다. FBS에 의한 예상밖의 영향과 동물유래물질의 오염을 방지하기 위해 ADSC의 무혈청 배양법에 관한 연구가 광범위하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ADSC세포에 SV40의 T항원 유전자를 도입하여 증식속도를 향상시킨 ADSC-T세포주의 효율적인 무혈청 배양법을 확립하기 위해 ADSC-T의 세포증식에 미치는 아미노산복합체, 비타민 복합체 및 여러가지 영양분 혼합물(B27)의 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과, ADSC-T세포를 DMEM/F12 무혈청 배지에 현탁하여 plate에 주입하였을 때는 증식하지 않았으며 아미노산, 비타민 및 B27 영양소복합체는 증식촉진효과를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 ADSC-T세포를 유혈청 DMEM배지로 24시간 배양 후 DMEM/F12 무혈청 배지로 교체하여 배양했을 때는 세포가 증식하였으며 이때, 비타민 복합체와 B27 영양소복합체는 증식촉진효과를 나타내었다. 또한 Stem pro 배지를 이용하면 ADSC-T의 무혈청 부유배양이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. ADSC-T세포는 분자량 70 kDa 부근의 단백질을 다량으로 분비하였으며, 성장인자 중에서 insulin-like growth factor (IGF)와 fibroblast growth factor basic (FGF basic)는 유혈청 배양보다 무혈청 배양에서 더 많이 분비되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1197-1203
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins status of male patients with cerebrovascular disease. The study consisted of 16 hospital patients(57.8$\pm$13.7 years) at 3 General Hospitals in Taegu who suffer from cerebrovascular disease and 21 healthy adults(55.5$\pm$7.2 years). The results were as follows: The systolic blood pressure of the patients(150.0$\pm$13.7mmHg) was sig nificantly higher than healthy control(126.0$\pm$17.4mmHg). In patients the percentages of drinking alcohol(more than 5 times/week) and smoking were also higher. And the patients had more stress than control. Total calorie, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin B1 and niacin intakes were significantly lower in the patients. The energy nutrients consumption reached the recommended level in all subjects who were investigated. HDL cholesterol(24.99 vs 37.86mg/dl) and vitamin E(12.94 vs 20.88mg/L) level showed significantly lower, but triglyceride level(175.50 vs 117.69mg/dl), total cholesterol/HDL cho lesterol(6.22 vs 4.39) and atherogenic index(5.22 vs 3.39) were significantly higher in the patient group. Therefore, it might be expected that refraining from drinking alcohol and smoking, and that having proper exercise and certain other healthy living habits which can decrease stress in addition suitable consumption of antioxidant vitamins can prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

Aflatoxin은 자연속에 존재하며 높은 독성을 가진 곰팡이 독소이다. 이들 곰팡이 독소는 Aspergillus flavus와 Aspergillus parasiticus로부터 생성되는 대사산물로서 식품에서 다양한 오염 경로를 가지고 발생한다. 특히 Aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$)은 사람에게 있어서 간독성 및 간암을 유발하는 잠재력을 가진 곰팡이 독소이며, 지질과산화 반응은 aflatoxin B$_1$에 의한 세포 산화적 손상시 발생하는 주요 현상중의 하나이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aflatoxin B$_1$과 항산화 비타민 혼합 투여 후 유도된 간과 혈청의 지질 구성 성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 특히 비타민 C와 비타민 E는 중요한 항산화제에 속하는 것으로 이들을 복강내 주사(i.p, intraperitoneal injection)를 통하여 각각 10 mg/kg, 63.8 mg/kg씩 male ICR mice에 투여하였으며 1시간후 0.4mg/kg의 AFB$_1$을 동일한 방법으로 투여하였다. AFB$_1$에 의하여 유도된 지질구성 성분의 변화에 있어서 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군과 항산화 비타민 혼합 투여군을 비교하였을 때 혈청에서의 유리콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤등은 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군에서 2배 이상 증가되었다. 간에서의 지방산 조성에서도 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군에서 항산화비타민 혼합투여군보다 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 인지질의 P/S ratio가 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 AFB$_1$에 의한 세포손상이 항산화 비타민에 의해 감소되는 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2003

Maternal nutritional status has been shown to influence pregnancy outcomes. And the elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the effects of maternal serum levels of B vitamins and homocysteine, and the C677T MTHFR (5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) polymorphism on pregnancy outcomes. In 177 pregnant women of 24-28 wks of gestation, the MTHFR gene mutation, serum B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were measured, and their pregnancy outcomes were investigated from medical records. The birth length, and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of neonates in the T/T mothers were 45.4 $\pm$ 9.3 cm, 7.6 $\pm$ 3.2 and 8.5 $\pm$ 3.8, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the C/T (48.6 $\pm$ 3.3 cm, 9.0 $\pm$ 0.2, 10.0 $\pm$ 0.2) or the C/C mothers (49.4 $\pm$ 1.9 cm, 9.0 $\pm$ 0.2, 10.0 $\pm$ 0.0). The birth weight, birth length and the gestational age of neonates at delivery from hyperhomocysteinemic mothers whose homocysteine levels higher than 15 $\mu$ mol were 2.5 $\pm$ 1.3 kg, 43.9 $\pm$ 9.0 cm, 35.4 $\pm$ 6.3 wk, respectively, which were significant lower than those from normohomocysteinemic mothers (3.1 $\pm$ 0.6 kg, 48.8 $\pm$ 3.6 cm, 38.5 $\pm$ 2.5 wk). The birth weight and birth length of neonates in mothers whose PLP levels were below the median were significantly lower than those from mothers with the PLP levels above the median. The 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of neonates were lower in mothers with the T/T MTHFR genotype than those with the C/T or C/C only when the serum PLP levels were below the median. The 1-, 5 min Apgar scores and birth length of neonates were lower in mothers with the T/T MTHFR genotype than those with the C/T or C/C only when the serum FMN levels were below the median. In conclusion, maternal B vitamin status, homocysteine and the C677T MTHFR genotype seem to have played an important role on pregnancy outcomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 1999

Vitamin and mineral deletion from swine diets can result in reduced growth if done during the period wher muscle and bone development is occurring. Several of the vitamins and minerals decline in the serum during the starter period, suggesting a higher dietary inclusion may be necessary postweaning. Vitamin research with grower-finisher pigs is limited, but results suggest that rapidly growing lean pigs may have a higher dietary requirement for the B vitamins. Several studies have suggested that early weaning and pigs of a lean genotype may have a dietary requirement for vitamin C, CI and Cr. High dietary vitamin E levels are fortified in the diet and seems to be effective in preventing mulberry heart problems in weanling and grower pigs. Organic Se is more effectively retained in muscle tissue than inorganic Se, approximately 20% less is excreted, but the bioavailability of organic Se for glutathione peroxidase activity is only 80 to 90% to that of sodium selenite. The active form of thyroxine (T4) is dependent upon a Se containing enzyme. Withdrawal of vitamins and minerals during the latter part of the finisher period has not affected pig performance responses, but studies with poultry suggest that the vitamin content of the meat may be reduced if the vitamins are withdrawn prior to marketing. High levels of vitamin E have been shown to improve pork quality, by reducing drip loss. Studies with vitamin C and Se have suggested that they may also be involved in pork quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

Adequate vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ nutrition is known to be important for reproductive function in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ status and serum homocysteine levels in 115 women aged 33.2$\pm$4.0 years, who had been diagnosed with infertility, and 49 women aged 34.5$\pm$3.8 years having at least one born child. Total vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin B$_{6}$ intakes in infertile women were significantly lower than those in control. Serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ concentrations were significantly lower in infertile women than those in control and serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in infertile women than those in control. Thirteen percent in infertile women and zero percent in control were assessed as hyperhomocysteinemic and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia between infertile women and control. 41% infertile women were assessed as folate deficiency. Serum folate concentrations was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_2$ intakes was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_{6}$, folate intakes were negatively correlated with homocysteine of infertile women only. In conclusion, infertile women are needed to intake more B vitamins intakes. Furthermore researches are needed to estimate adequate B vitamin supplementation in infertile women. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 115-122, 2004): 115-122, 2004)