• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.422-430
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• 2013

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of So-Oochim-tang-Gagam-bang (SOCT-G) on oxidative stress and serotonin metabolism in P815 Mast Cells The effects of SOCT-G on activity of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) in P815 mast cells were investigated. The effect of SOCT-G on content of serotonin in P815 mast cells was investigated. The effects of SOCT-G on expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT), Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH-1) mRNA in P815 mast cells were investigated. The SOCT-G increased DPPH radical-scavenging activity in P815 mast cells. The SOCT-G increased SOD activity in P815 mast cells. The SOCT-G decreased the intracellular content of serotonin in P815 mast cells. The SOCT-G decreased 5-HTT and TPH-1 mRNA expression in P815 mast cells. This experiment shows that So-Ochm-Tang-Gagam-bang has a significant effect of oxidative stress that help prevent free radical damage. And So-Ochim-Tang-Gagam-bang decreased the intracellular content of serotonin and mRNA expression of 5-HTT and TPH-1. Therefore, further researches are suggested to reveal the anti-depressive effectiveness of So-Ochim-Tang-Gagam-bang.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of antioxidant activities and serotonin activities of OnDam-tang-Kami-bang (ODK) on P815 Mast Cell. Methods : The effects of ODK on the activation of DPPH radical-scavenging and SOD in P815 mast cell were investigated. The effect of ODK on the content of serotonin in P815 mast cell was investigated. The effects of ODK on the activation of 5-HTT, TPH-1 mRNA in P815 mast cell were investigated. Results : It was found that the ODK increased SOD activities and DPPH radical-scavenging activities in the P815 mast cell. Also, the ODK decreased the intracellular concentration of serotonin in the P815 mast cell. Further, the ODK decreased 5-HTT and TPH-1 mRNA expression in the P815 mast cell. Conclusions : The results of this experiment reveal that ODK has significant antioxidative effects. However, ODK decreased the intracellular concentration of serotonin and mRNA expression of 5-HTT and TPH-1, which implies that ODK might not be effective for treating depression. Further research exploring the positive aspects of ODK is suggested such that ODK could adequately target symptoms that are to be treated.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.97.3-98
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• 2003

The inhibitory effects of tetrahydropapaverine on serotonin biosynthesis in serotonin-producing murine mastocytoma P815 cells were investigated. Tetrahydropapaverine at concentration ranges of 5-20 M decreased serotonin content in a concentration-dependent manner in P815 cells and showed 42.1 % inhibition of serotonin content at 5.0 M for 24 hr. The value of 50 % inhibitory concentration, IC$\sub$50/, of tetrahydropapaverine was 6.2 M. Under these conditions, tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4, TPH), was inhibited for 24-36 hr after treatment with tetrahydropapaverine in P815 cells(49.1 % inhibition at 7.5 M). (omitted)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2008

In the methanol extract from safflower seeds, two kinds of antioxidant were detected by preparative HPLC [$\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column ($7.8{\times}300\;mm$)]. Two unknown compounds were defined as CA and CB which had peaks at 22.1 min and 24.5 min, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured by their scavenging ability on the stable tree radical of 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). For bulk extraction of antioxidants, the methanol extract was fractionated with hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. The ethyl acetate traction showing the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was further purified by silica gel column chromatography to CA and CB. By NMR analysis, CA and CB were identified as N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruoylserotonin, respectively. The content of N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruoylserotonin were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC using a $\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$ column ($3.9{\times}300\;mm$) with linear gradient elution from 10% acetonitrile to 50% acetonitrile for 30min on UV detector at 300 nm. The contents of N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruoylserotonin were 4.11 mg/g DW and 7.29 mg/g DW, respectively, and these two DPPH radical scavengers were detected only in the hull of seeds.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2004

Objectives:Recently, polymorphisms of several serotonin genes have been suggested to be associated with suicide, but the results are still unclear. We examined whether the T102C polymorphisms of the serotonin 2A receptor gene and the G861C polymorphisms of the serotonin 1B receptor gene were associated with suicidal behavior using drug intoxication. Methods:The subjects were 52 patients who visited emergency room with suicidal behaviors. Fifty controls were selected from healthy volunteers matched for sex and age to the suicide subjects. The polymorphisms were analyzed with TaqMan$^{(R)}$ assay using primers based on previous studies. Results:The T102C polymorphism of the serotonin 2A receptor gene showed no significant difference between the suicidal attempters and controls in both genotype and allele frequency analyses(p=0.179 and p=0.422, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the suicidal attempters and the controls in the G861C polymorphism of the serotonin 1B receptor gene and any significant effect of the genotype distributions or the allele frequencies was not observed(p=0.092 and p=0.987, respectively). Conclusion:These findings suggest that the T102C polymorphism in serotonin 2A receptor gene and the G861C polymorphism in serotonin 1B receptor gene are not related to the susceptibility to suicide attempts using drugs. To clarify the genetic influences of the serotonergic system on suicidal behavior, the polymorphisms of other candidate genes in the serotonergic system should be studied with larger numbers of subjects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to examine how laughter therapy impacts serotonin levels, QOL and depression in middle-aged women and to perform a path analysis for verification of the effects. Methods: A quasi-experimental study employing a nonequivalent control group and pre-post design was conducted. Participants were 64 middle-aged women (control=14 and experimental=50 in 3 groups according to level of depression). The intervention was conducted five times a week for a period of 2 weeks and the data analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA and LISREL. Results: Results showed that pre serotonin and QOL in women with severe depression were the lowest. Serotonin in the experimental groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.006) and the rise was the highest in the group with severe depression (p=.001). Depression in all groups decreased after the 5th intervention (p=.022) and the biggest decline was observed in group with severe depression (p=.007). QOL of the moderate and severe groups increased after the 10th intervention (p=.049), and the increase rate was highest in group with severe depression (p<.006). Path analysis revealed that laughter therapy did not directly affect depression, but its effect was indirectly meditated through serotonin variation (p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that serotonin activation through laughter therapy can help middle-aged women by lessening depression and providing important grounds for depression control.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 1988

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in ten portions of the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native cattle were observed by immunocytochemical methods using specific antisera against chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP), neurotensin, secretin, gastrin and substance P. The results observed are summarized as follows: In the abomasum, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, motilin-, glucagon-, gastrin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were found. Chromogranin-and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the fundic region than pyloric region. Somatostatin- and gastrinimmunoreactive cells were numerous in the pyloric region than in the fundic region. In the small intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP-, motilin-, gastrin-, GIP-, neurotensin-, secretin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected. Chromogranin-, somatostatin-, GIP- and secretin-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum, while BPP-, motilin-, glucagon-, neurotensin- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the small intestine. In the large intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed and most numerous in the rectum. Somatostatin-, glucagon- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the large intestine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1990

The contractile mechanisms of serotonin were investigated in the renal artery of a rabbit. The helical strips of isolated renal artery were immersed in the normal or $Ca^{2+}$-free tris-buffered Tyrode's solution, which was equilibrated with 100% $O_{2}$ at $35^{\circ}C$. The contraction by serotonin or norepinephrine (NE) began at $1{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ and reached the maximal contraction at $1{\times}10^{-5}\;M$. The maximal contraction by serotonin corresponded to $58.1{\pm}4.2%$ of maximal contraction by NE. Cyproheptadine, a serotonin receptor blocker, shifted the concentration-response curve to the right without any reduction in the maximum response but shifted that of NE to the right with reduction in maximum response. And phentolamine, an ${\alpha}-receptor$ blocker, shifted the concentration-response curve of serotonin or NE without any reduction in maximum responses. The $pA_{2}$ values for cyproheptadine against serotonin and NE were $10.35{\pm}0.04$ and $8.45{\pm}0.13$, respectively. The $pA_{2}$ values for phentolamine against serotonin and NE were $6.87{\pm}0.04$ and $8.14{\pm}0.08$, respectively. after the pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, the contraction induced by 100 mM $K^{+}$, tyramine and serotonin reduced to $83.0{\pm}2.0$, $26.8{\pm}6.2$ and $82.0{\pm}3.5%$ of control, respectively. The contraction by serotonin in the $Ca^{2+}$-free Tyrode's solution was increased and sustained with the addition of $Ca^{2+}$ extracellulary. The serotonin-sensitive intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool was depleted completely by the pretreatment with NE, but the NE-sensitive intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool was depleted partially by the pretreatment with serotonin. From the above results, it is suggested that the contraction induced by serotonin in the renal artery of a rabbit may be due to mechanisms in which serotonin acts directly on specific serotonin receptors and also acts indirectly on ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ by displacing NE from neuronal stores.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2011

Objectives : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Gamisoyo-san(Jiaweixiaoyaosan, SYS) on serotonin activity of P815 Mast Cell. Methods : The effects of SYS on activation of TPH-1 mRNA and AAADC mRNA in P815 mast cell were investigated. The effect of SYS on content of serotonin in P815 mast cell was investigated. The effects of SYS on activation of DPPH and SOD in P815 mast cell were investigated. Results : 1. The SYS increased the activation of SOD and DPPH in P815 mast cell. 2. The SYS decreased the manifestation TPH-1 mRNA in P815 mast cell. 3. The SYS decreased the manifestation AAADC mRNA in P815 mast cell. Conclusions : This experiment shows that Gamisoyo-san might not be effective for treating depression in terms of biogenic amine theory. However, Gamisoyo-san showed significant anti-oxidative effect and it can not yet be ruled out for treating depression. Therefore, pathogenesis of depression and clinical research of Gamisoyo-san is suggested for future research.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 1991

Brain serotonin and its utilization was investigated on stressed rats after feeding high tryptophan diet for a month. High tryptophan fed rats displayed significantly higher level of serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) than the control diet fed rats. When rats were treated with 3 hour immobilization (IMMB) stress, serotonin turnover was slightly increased, but not statistically significant, in control diet group rats. However in high tryptophan diet rats, 3 hr IMMB stress resulted in statistically significantly (p<0.05) decreased the serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan and 5-HT level. The concentration of 5-HIAA was significantly increased indicating accelerated utilization of the brain 5-HT of the high trp. fed rat. The utilization pattern of the serotonin was found to be similar among young and adult rats. Rats on a tryptophan enriched diet displayed higher coping ability to the stress as they exhibited smaller increment of corticosterone level. A possble involvement of opioid system was suggested in serotonin utilization by measuring total $^{3}$[H]-naloxone binding in brain.