• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 2012

Recently, high performance(strength) steels have been utilized to structural materials in buildings and bridges with the demand for high-rise and long-span of main structures. This paper is a series of basic study for the design specification of structural members using high performance steel, material properties of high performance rolled steel building structures; material properties of HSA800 steel was compared with the requirements of Korean Standards(KS) for HSA800. Welded H-shape stub columns with variables of width-to-thickness ratios are planned in order to investigate the local buckling behaviors and check the current design limit of width-to-thickness ratio and uniaxial compressive tests are carried out. In addition, the buckling behaviors of stub columns obtained finite element analysis were compared with those of test results.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between panoramic perception and space organization for restoration of urban environment and architecture. Panorama is a collective visual catalogue composed by series of perspective images. It is a product from continuous movements of viewer by defamilarizing real image and structuring order between city and building. Through understanding the panoramic image, the viewer is able to achieve the total image of the city. For example, achieving visual perception of the city by employing the panoramic view from different historical backgrounds and cultures, Berlin developed its urban characteristic by rebuilding panoramic view as an aesthetic device. First, this paper mention theory of panorama as an aesthetic device for shaping the city from the building. Second, this paper analyze the relationships between characteristics of panorama and historical contexts for why those panoramic views are valuable by mentioning the Altes Museum, the Berlin National Gallery, Museum of Modern Literature, and Folkwang Museum of panoramic view. In conclusion, this paper argues that visual perception such as panoramic view is the valuable device for organizing the image of the city's own identity. Constructing vision of each city influences not only shaping the city but also mapping the mental views of the building. Also, historical conditions and open spaces are one of the inherent elements combined with panoramic view for establishing urban identity. In search for good place making, it is important to understand the role of the historical context and fabric plan in shaping how a resident sees - literally, sees- their city with buildings. Berlin serve as excellent counter example in how the valuable place making panoramic mental views of urbanities take shape.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

This paper is a study on locality in architecture in Jeju with the theme of locality of architecture. This paper, as the last research paper in this series of studies, is a paper that verifies whether there is anything other than the locality revealed in the categories of 'hermeneutic' and 'phenomenal'. To this end, in this paper, the regional characteristics of the buildings of five Jeju IT companies were analyzed. As a result, the elements reflected in the architecture in terms of the locality of Jeju were quite insufficient. This can be seen as a result of the fact that the corporate image is important in terms of the architecture of an IT company. Nevertheless, if we summarize the elements that reflect the characteristics of Jeju in IT architecture, it is the wind and oreum used as architectural concepts, and Jeju stone used as the exterior finish. In conclusion, it could be seen that the regional characteristics of wind, oreum, and Jeju stone were used in IT architecture, and it was also found that these characteristics were within the scope of interpretive locality and phenomenal locality. Soon, it was found that the locality of Jeju architecture was within the hermeneutic and phenomenal category.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-93
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• 2022

Focus on climate change and extreme weather conditions has received considerable attention in recent years. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing buildings that are more eco-friendly in the face of climate change. This paper describes the research conducted to assess the impact of future climate change on energy usage and carbon emissions in a typical supermarket at multiple locations across the UK. Locations that were included in the study were London, Manchester, and Southampton. These three cities were compared against their building performance based on their respective climatic conditions. Based on the UK Climatic Projections (UKCP09), a series of energy modelling simulations which were provided by the Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers (CIBSE) were conducted on future weather years for this investigation. This investigation ascertains and quantifies the annual energy consumption, carbon emissions, cooling, and heating demand of the selected supermarkets at the three locations under various climatic projections and emission scenarios, which further validates annual temperature rise as a result of climatic variation. The data showed a trend of increasing variations across the UK as one moves southwards, with London and Southampton at the higher side of the spectrum followed by Manchester which has the least variability amongst these three cities. This is the first study which investigates impact of the climate change on the UK supermarkets across different regions by using the real case scenarios.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.5 s.39
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

The seismic behavior of a 1/3-scale model of a two-story unreinforced masonry (URM) structure typically used in constructing low-rise residential buildings in Korea is studied through a shaking table test. The purposes of this study are to investigate seismic behavior and damage patterns of the URM structure that was not engineered against seismic loading and to provide its experimental test results. The test structure was symmetric about the transverse axis but asymmetric to some degrees about longitudinal axis and had a relatively strong diaphragm of concrete slab. The test structure was subjected to a series of differentlevels of earthquake shakings that were applied along the longitudinal direction. The measured dynamic response of the test structure was analyzed in terms of various global parameters (i.e., floor accelerations, base shear, floor displacements and storydrift, and torsional displacements) and correlated with the input table motion. Moreover, different levels of seismic performance were suggested for performance-based design approach. The results of the shaking table test revealed that the shear failure was dominant on a weak side of the 1stfloor while the upper part of the test model remained as a rigid body. Also, it was found that substantial strength and deformation capacity existed after cracking.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

Recently, high-performance steels have been increasingly used for structural materials in buildings and bridges with the demand for high-rise and long-span of main structures. This paper offers a series of basic study for the design specification of structural members using high performance steel, that is material properties of HSA800 (High-performance rolled steel for building structures). Built-up square tube stub columns with variables of width-to-thickness ratios are planned as a parametric study in order to investigate the local buckling behaviors and check the current design limit of width-to-thickness ratio. In addition, the buckling behaviors of stub columns obtained finite element (FE) analysis were compared with those from experimental tests. The verified FE model was used for parametric study and checked applicability of high-strength steel on current design specification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the theoretical background of spatial fantage effects in Piranesi etching "Le Carceri" called 'Architectural Capriccio'. In a life time Piranesi created a prodigious oeuvre of dramatic and fantastic images about magnificent buildings and mysterious ruins and prison. The increasing "tourism" after the middle of the 18th century contributed a lot to Piranesi's success. He was famous for his poetic views of Rome and also his fantastic imaginary interiors. The terms "Capriccio" and "Veduta" are strongly connected with Piranesi's work. The term Veduta describes a form of landscape depiction in print with close to reality imitation of the scenery, whereas the "Capriccio" contains the elements of invention in artificial architectural landscape. Trained in Venice as an engineer and architect, his studies had included perspective and stage design. These skills, allied to his deep knowledge of archaeology, provided the substance for his Veduta, etchings of ancient Rome. But his most remarkable etchings are those of imaginary interiors, the Carceri d'Invenzione(Imaginary Prisons), a series of capric plates issued in 1750. It appears to Piranesi etching 'Le Carceri' that 18th century experimental scenography's effect very strongly. Also, it can understand about "Scena per Angolo" which was revealed by Ferdinando Galli Bibiena that Piranesi spatial view and viewpoint deconstruction operate motive and cause. Piranesi's spatial fortification was influence by Filippo Juvarra's spatial concept. As a result of this research will be foundation of understanding deeply that Piranesi etching has been affect to present architecture and art.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.619-637
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• 2015

A field based non-destructive hardness method is being developed to determine plastic strain in steel elements subjected to seismic loading. The focus of this study is on the active links of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series, especially the very intense February 22 shaking, which was the first earthquake worldwide to push complete EBF systems into their inelastic state, generating a moderate to high level of plastic strain in EBF active links for a range of buildings from 3 to 23 storeys in height. Plastic deformation was confined to the active links. This raised two important questions: what was the extent of plastic deformation and what effect does that have on post-earthquake steel properties? A non-destructive hardness test method is being used to determine a relationship between hardness and plastic strain in active link beams. Active links from the earthquake affected, 23-storey Pacific Tower building in Christchurch are being analysed in the field and laboratory. Test results to date show clear evidence that this method is able to give a good relationship between plastic strain and demand. This paper presents significant findings from this project to investigate the relationship between hardness and plastic strain that warrant publication prior to the completion of the project. Principal of these is the discovery that hot rolled steel beams carry manufacturing induced plastic strains, in regions of the webs, of up to 5%.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2011

Aims of this study is to investigate the daylighting control strategy of venetian blind system was performed as a function of ratio of shading height to window and slat angles in the preliminary stage of the parametric study. Floor-to-ceiling window walls of living spaces are used widely in apartment buildings since the Korean government has legally allowed elimination of the balcony area. Enlarging living area by balcony elimination, the larger glass area of window is exposed to the direct sunlight. As a common sunlight controlling device, blind system can be used in all orientations and all latitudes and it may obstruct, absorb, reflect and transmit solar radiation to building by proper adjusting. However, blind system can produce discomfort in occupant and less energy efficiency, if it has not been controlled optimally. The simulation model was based on the unit module of typical living space with balcony elimination. The room dimension was $6.0m(w){\times}6.9m(d){\times}2.7m(h)$ with floor to ceiling height of 2.5m. The blind system was simulated at five slat angles (horizontal, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ upward and downward tilted) and the four ratio of shading height to window (fully closed, partly opened, no-blind) using the Desktop RADIANCE 2.0 program. The series of simulation results indicates that the advantages of available daylight and outside of view can be improved by proper adjusting blind system.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-161
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• 2016

In seismic fragility and risk analysis, the definition of structural limit state (LS) capacities is of crucial importance. Traditionally, LS capacities are defined according to design code provisions or using deterministic pushover analysis without considering the inherent randomness of structural parameters. To assess the effects of structural randomness on LS capacities, ten structural parameters that include material strengths and gravity loads are considered as random variables, and a probabilistic pushover method based on a correlation-controlled Latin hypercube sampling technique is used to estimate the uncertainties in LS capacities for four typical reinforced concrete frame buildings. A series of ten LSs are identified from the pushover curves based on the design-code-given thresholds and the available damage-controlled criteria. The obtained LS capacities are further represented by a lognormal model with the median $m_C$ and the dispersion ${\beta}_C$. The results show that structural uncertainties have limited influence on $m_C$ for the LSs other than that near collapse. The commonly used assumption of ${\beta}_C$ between 0.25 and 0.30 overestimates the uncertainties in LS capacities for each individual building, but they are suitable for a building group with moderate damages. A low uncertainty as ${\beta}_C=0.1{\sim}0.15$ is adequate for the LSs associated with slight damages of structures, while a large uncertainty as ${\beta}_C=0.40{\sim}0.45$ is suggested for the LSs near collapse.