• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1980

[${\alpha}$]-Amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of starch, glycogen, and related poly- and oligosac-charide by random cleavage of ${\alpha}$-D-(l-4) glucan linkage. In man large amounts of amylase are secreted into the digestive tract by the salivary and exocrine pancreatic gland, minimal amount being produced also in other tissues. It has been known that ${\alpha}$-amylase exists in multiple molecular forms, isoenzyme which can be separated from each other because of difference in their physicochemical properties. By using various methods, several groups of investigator have separated the many isoenzyme in serum, saliva and pancreatic juice. Furthermore, changes of the normal serum isoenzyme pattern is diagnostically useful even when the total serum enzyme activity is noninformative, such as the clinical use of isoenzyme of serum lactate dehydrogenase. Procarboxypeptidase-A which is one of the pancreatic enzymes is also present as isoenzymes. Four forms of procarboxypeptidase-A haye been found in the bovine enzyme and three forms of the porcine enzyme. In human pancreatic juice four forms of procarboxypeptidase-A isoenzyme were found by isoelectric focusing method. Recently, the so-called isoamylase analysis was developed for the diagnostic use of amylase in pancreatic diseases. In alcohotic patients, the serum concentration of pancreatic isoamylase is subnormal and this lowered activity provides strong evidence for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the variations of the isoenzyme of amylase and procarboxypeptidase-A in serum, saliva and pancreatic juice of the experimental animals. The results are as follow. 1) Three main forms of isoenzyme of amylase by isoelectric focusing were found in pancreatic juice of normal rabbit. However, many new bands were appeared in the pancreatic juice of cholic acid administered animal intravenously while the infusion of cholic acid or elastase into pancreatic duct produced the decrease of number of the fractions on the isoelectric focusing. In the case of serum isoenzyme from normal animal, two major and a few minor isoamylases were observed. By injecting alcohol intravenousely the fractions of serum isoamylase were significantly decreased and in contrary to the pattern in the pancreatic juice the infusion of cholic acid or elastase into pancreatic duct exhitited a significant decrease of the isoenzyme of amylase fractions. In saliva from normal animal three main isoamylase were produced of the administration of alcohol. 2) In the case of procarboxypeptidase-A isoenzyme, two major fractions which have isoelectric point at 6.2 and 6.4 and other two minor bands were observed in the pancreatic juice of normal rabbit. By the treatment of the juice with trypsin, only one band was produced on the isoelectric focusing. No procarboxypeptidase was appeared on the electrofocusing by the infusion of cholic acid or phospholipase A into the pancreatic duct of rabbit. However, a single major fraction of procarboxypeptidase-A was appeared at 3 hr after simple ligation of the pancreatic duct. No significant changes were observed in the juice of the alcohol or cholic acid administered group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.604-613
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• 1994

Hydrophilic brown pigments(HBPs) produced during fermentation and aging the domestic Meju and Doenjang were separated by dialysis and chromatography , and their antioxidant activity were measured . The chemical properties of HBP were determined by UV and IR spectrophotometry. HBPs contents were found to be 93.1 mg/g and 183.2mg/g in Meju fermentated for 30 days and 80 days , respectively. The ratio of dialysate to diffusate of the HBPs were appeared to be 70 : 30 and 87 :13 in the Meju fermented for 30 days and 80 days, respectively. and the rtio in the Doenjang aged for 60 days was 91 :9 , indicating that dialysate slowly days, respectively, and the ratio in the Doenjang aged for 60 days was 91 : 9, incidatin that dialysate slowly increased by the fermentation . Both portion exhibited strong antioxidant activity, but more stronger antioxidant activity was found in the dialysate. DEAE-celluose column chromatography showed that dialysate contained more materials eluted by 0.01-0.03M HCI solution than 0.01M acetate buffer, but diffusate showed opposite results. The degree of browning reaction and antioxdiant activity found in the fraction eluted by HCI solution was stronger than that of the fraction eluted by acetate buffer. The fraction eluted from DEAE-cellulose column chormatogrphy was further fractionaged by TLC and found that strong antioxidant activity was present in the fractions which did not possess fluorescenece and showed a negative ninhydrin reaction. TLC fractions of HCI eluant in Meju exhibited a strong absorbance at 260-280nm, but most of other fractions did not show any absorbance at UV region. TLC fractions from dialysate and diffusate showed fairly identical IR spectrum with absorbance at 3400cm-1, 2800cm-3000cm -1, 1600cm, -1 1400cm-1 and 1100 cm-1 , however, in addition to these absorbances, the spectrum from HCI eluant of Meju exhibited a strong absorbance at 1750cm , indicating the carbonic acid or carbonate ester.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2001

Bacillus licheniformis Bl을 이용하여 청국장발효를 거쳐 보존성이 높은 분말청국장을 제조하였다. 분말청국장의 다양한 생리활성 물질 중에서도 항산화물질의 존재여부와 그 효괴를 결정하였다. 분말청국장을 증류수로 추출하여, Sephadex G-75 Bel filtration chromatography 작업을 수행한 후, 390 nm에서 광범위한 분자량의 갈변물질을 검출 할 수 있었다. 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용하여 갈변물질의 항산화도를 결정하였다. 분자량이 큰 갈변물질의 항산화도는 매우 약하였으나, 분자량이 작은 갈변물질에서는 10-20%의 항산화능이 결정되었다. 체내에서는 분자량이 작은 갈변물질의 흡수가 더 유리할 수 있다. 분말청국장의 항산화물질 추출에 ethanol을 이용했을때는 60.1%, methanol을 이용했을 때는 58.97%의 높은 항산화능을 보여주어, 증류수로 추출했을 때에 비해 휠씬 효 율적이었다. 또한 분말컹국장을 ethanol 5%이상 되게끔 녹였을 때 항산화도가 가장 컸다. 본 분말청국장에 존재하는 항산화물질은 항산화능이 우수하였는 데, 앞으로 안정성이 확보된다면, 식용류, 주류에 첨가하는 천연 항산화물질로 개발할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2018

황칠나무 잎과 줄기를 분리하여 각각 methanol 추출하여, 계통분획상법에 따라 dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol로 분획하였다. 분획물로 실시한 TLC에서 알칼로이드 성분으로 분리되는 성분을 확인할 수 있었다. 잎과 줄기 모두 ethyl acetate분획물은 $IC_{50}$ $30{\mu}g/m{\ell}$으로 높게 측정 되었으며, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, butanol분획물 순으로 저해 활성이 높게 나타났다. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition assay를 실시한 결과 황칠나무 잎과 줄기 모두 dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol 분획물 순으로 저해 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 가장 높은 활성을 보인 황칠나무 줄기와 잎의 dichloromethane 분획물의 알칼로이드 함량이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 보아 알칼로이드 성분에 의한 것으로 유추 할 수 있으므로, 알칼로이드 성분의 동정 및 성분구조의 규명을 통하여 AChE저해 활성을 이용한 신경관련 질환에 도움을 줄 수 있는 천연물의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.682-689
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the variation between molecular size distribution (MSD) of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw waters after different water treatment processes like conventional process (coagulation, flocculation, filtration) followed by advanced oxidation process (ozonation, GAC adsorption). The MSD of NOM of Suji pilot plant were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) which is a kine of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with nondispersive infrared (NDIR) detector and $UV_{254}$ detector. Five distinct fractions were generally separated from water samples with the Toyopearl HW-50S column, using 28 mmol phosphate buffer at pH 6.58 as an eluent. Large and intermediate humic fractions were the most dominant fractions in surface water. High molecular weight (HMW) matter was clearly easier to remove in coagulation and clarification than low molecular weight (LMW) matter. Water treatment processes removed the two largest fractions almost completely shifting the MSD towards smaller molecular size in DW. No more distinct variation of MSD was observed by ozone process after sand filtration but the SUVA value were obviously reduced during increase of the ozone doses. UVD results and HS-Diagram demonstrate that ozone induce not the variation of molecular size of humic substance but change the bond structure from aromatic rings or double bonds to single bond. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration removed 8~9% of organic compounds and showed better adsorption property for small MSD than large one.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2005

On the analysis of triacylglycerol (TG) from the kernels of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus by reversed phase-HPLC, it was separated into three main fractions of PN 44, 46 and 48, according to partition number (PN). On the contrary, it could be clearly classified into seven fractions of SMM, MMM, SMD, MMD, SDD, MDD and MDT by silver ion-HPLC by the number of double bond in the acyl chains of TG species. But resolution of so-called critical pairs of TG molecular species such as molecular pairs of $P_eLL$ $[C_{18:1{\omega}12}/(C_{18:2{\omega}6)2}]$ and OLL $[C_{18:1{\omega}9}/(C_{18:2{\omega}6)2}]$ and OOL $[(C_{18:1{\omega}9)2}/C_{18:2{\omega}6]$, and $P_eP_eL$ $[(C_{18:2{\omega}12)2}/C_{18:1{\omega}6]$ was not achieved $(P_e;$ petroselinic acid, L; linoleic acid, O; oleic acid). On the other hand, TG extracted from Aralia continentalis kernels were also fractionated into seven groups of SSM, SMM, MMM, SMD, MMD, SDD and MDD (S; saturated acid, M; monoenoic acid, D; dienoic acid) by silver ion-HPLC, although it's were classified into three groups of PN 44, 46 and 48 by reversed phase-HPLC. The fractions of SMM, MMM, MMD and MDD were divided into two subfractions, respectively; the fractions of SMM, MMM, MMD and MDD were resolved into the subfraction of $PP_e/P_e$ and POO (critical pairs from each other), that of $P_e/P_e/P_e$ and OOO, that of $P_e/P_e/L$ and OOL, and that of $P_e/L/L$ and OLL.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

This study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and melanogenesis inhibition activities of methanol extract and various organic solvent fractions of Arecae Pericarpium. We examined the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging activity, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin contents. The study showed that, among all tested fractions, methylene chloride fraction showed the strongest inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ value $8.89{\mu}g/mL$) and DPPH radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}$ value $21.39{\mu}g/mL$). Methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions similarly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity. Methanol extract exhibited strongest reduction of melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Based on the bioactivity assay results, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions were further separated. Eight phenolic compounds were isolated, which are dimeric syringol (1), catechol (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), vanillin (4), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (5), apocynin (6), protocatechuic acid (7) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8). Among the isolated compounds tested, catechol showed the strongest inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Catechol also showed the concentration-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibition activity. Arecae Pericarpium might have potentials to be developed as anti-inflammatory agent or dermatological product for skin-whitening agent.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.319-327
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• 1991

Gingko biloba is one of the oldest trees on earth. It can be traced 300 million years or more into past. In recent years, this tree has become increasingly popular because of its longevity. Amount of comsumption of Gingko leaves in Korea is increased to produce drugs for blood circulating system's disorder. The workers who work at the company of product drug with Gingko leaves complain pruritus at belt position of west, however toxic substance from extracts of Gingko biloba was carried out to determine what kind of the toxic substance from extract could induce a contact dermatitis by means of histopathological study. Dried leaves of Korean G. biloba were exhaustively extracted with chloroform. The aqueous chloroform residue was extracted with hexane. After evaporation, the hexane extract was passed through a silica gel column chromatography, it was separated into 9 fractions by means of gradient solvent (benzene: acetone/ 98~93 : 2~7%). The 4th and 7th fraction were idendified as bilibol and gingkolic acid by silica gel thin layer chromatography and NMR spectrophotometer. The 4th and 7th fractions of Korean Gingko leaves have an irritant substances which can be induced ear swelling and increased thickness of stratum cornium of rabbit ear exposed with the fractions (3 time/3 day, $100{\mu}l$ of 50mg/ml ethyl alcohol). In the 4th fraction, the substance have induced the surface of ear to swell and mass of unknown cell like inflammatory cell were infiltrated within the stratum corneum, and the 7th fraction have the surface of ear to loss the hairs, and sebaceous gland and follicle of hair were infiltrated with inflammatory cells. and other fractions at all did not induced a certain contact dermatitis and also Deutschen drug of Gingko (named as Gerigeron) have induced the contact dermatitis such as dematitis of Korean Gingko extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1986

Fusarium moniliforme 액체배양으로부터 얻어진 조효소를 황산암모늄 분획침전, Sephadex G-25, Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-150 및 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 컬럼크로마토그래피를 통하여 2개의 여지분해 효소와 2개의 ${\beta}-glucanase$를 분리하고 팥전분 제조에 이용하였다. 팥을 $50^{\circ}C$에서 2시간동안 섬유소 분해효소와 작용시킨 결과 효소처리구는 세포벽, 세포간극 그리고 전분입자간극이 일부 분해되었음을 알 수 있었다. 0.004 units/ml의 여지분해효소와 0.3 units/ml의 ${\beta}-glucanase$를 혼합 처리했을 때 팥전분 입자의 침강 속도가 최대가 되였고 0.004 units/ml의 여지분해효소와 0.2 units/ml의 ${\beta}-glucanase$를 혼합하여 처리했을 때 수율증가는 약 7%이었다. 증자후와 마쇄후의 폐수에서 혼탁물질은 효소처리구가 대조구보다 약 40% 정도 감소되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.456-460
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• 1993

전통 기호음료 성분에 의하여 나타나는 기능특성을 조사하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 결명자,들깨, 대추, 모과, 오미자, 오갈피 및 생강 추출물을 ion-exchange chromatography, 유기용매에 의한 분획, silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography에 의하여 여러 가지 획분으로 분획하여 Angiotensin I 전환효소(ACE) 저해작용을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 기호음료 원료에서 추출한 수용성 획분의 ACE 저해작용은 생강>오갈피>오미자>들깨>결명자>모과>대추의 순으로 나타났다. 일반 가정에서 널리 이용되고 있는 결명자에서 분리한 compound C 는 ACE 저해제로 알려져 있는 bradykinin에 비하여 ACE 저해작용이 비교적 낮았다.