• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2006

The quality of Jeung-pyun made with frozen rice batter was evaluated according to variations in the freezing temperature of the batter. The physicochemical sensory and rheological characteristics of Jeung-pyun were analyzed. The rice batter was stored at -20$^{\circ}C$, -40$^{\circ}C$, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for up to 4 weeks. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS program. The pH, and brix percentage of Jeung-pyun batter decreased during the fermentation. In carbon dioxide evolution during fermentation, the levels of the sample stored at -40$^{\circ}C$:, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for 3$\sim$4 weeks were significantly higher than that of the sample stored at -20$^{\circ}C$. The Jeung-pyun moisture content was not significantly affected by freezing temperature or storage times. Specific volume of Jeung-pyun made with rice batter stored at -40$^{\circ}C$, and -70$^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks was significantly higher than that stored at -20$^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation of the stored sample for 4 weeks, the overall quality of Jeung-pyun was not significantly different between with the control and the -20$^{\circ}C$ sample, and between the control and the -40$^{\circ}C$ sample. Among the rheological properties measured with a rheometer on Jeung-pyun made with batter stored sample for 4 weeks at -20$^{\circ}C$, -40$^{\circ}C$ and unfrozen batter, the hardness was increased over the storage time, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, the most suitable freezing temperature of the rice batter for the manufacture of Jeung-pyun was proposed to be -40$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.106-113
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mugwort (Artemisia asiatica Nakai) on the rice cake and bread preservation, and to identify their antimicrobial compounds. The mugwort extracts showed complete inhibition on the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level. Antimicrobial activi쇼 of mugwort extract were stronger than that of commercial antimicrobial agent. Five % of sodium propionate solution showed complete inhibition on the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus, but L. plantarum was inhibited 50.87% at the same concentration. When various amounts of freeze-dried mugwort powder were added in sulgis (steamed rice cake), 3% ssooksulgi (mugwort powder added sulgi) had quite lower level of total bacterial count (5.5$\times$$10^/5 CFU/g) compared with the control group (1.4$\times$$10^/7 CFU/g) at ambient temp. (30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$) after 72 hr. Three % addition of mugwort showed 2 days extention of shelf-life of rice cake. The sensory qualities of ssooksulgi has no significant difference in moistness, consistency, cohesiveness, afterswallowing and overall quality compared with control group. Ssooksulgi with 3% of mugwort powder had the best overall quality in sensory test. The methanol extract of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of mugwort could lead the successful retardation of the growth of putrefactive microorganism during the incubation of rice cake at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. On the other hand, coumarin (Sigma) had 54% inhibitory effect at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal completely inhibited the growth of putrefactive microorganism of whitesulgi at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level during the incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr.48 hr.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a topping formula for pizza containing Chungkukjang and onion as the main ingredients. The maximum amount of onion was limited to 10.5%, since the pizza crust and toppings would separate if too much water dispelled from the onion tissue during baking. The Chungkukjang was substituted for Bulgoggi, a meat topping. The sensory acceptability scores for the pizza topping decreased as the amount of Chungkukjang increased from 3.6% to 7.3%, due to its unpleasant odor, but scores increased when 1.6% Kimchi powder was added to the Chungkukjang without a significant difference from the control. Thus favorable sensory quality was obtained with a topping formula containing 8.7% Chungkukjang, 10.5% onion, and 1.6% Kimchi powder. The nutrient values of the final pizza products were assessed as follows. By adding the Chungkukjang and onion, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and total dietary fiber contents increased. Moreover, the calorie level of the Chungkukjang-onion pizza was 3.8% higher than that of the control pizza. The amounts of compound amino acids including lysine increased. The free amino acids also increased from 143.3 to 188.6 mg/100 g. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids changed from 1:0.71 to 1:0.81. For the consumer test, the age groups of the participants were classified as 15-29 years old, 30-39 years old, and 40-62 years old. A positive result on acceptability of the developed pizza was obtained from most of the panelists in all age groups. Over 93% of the 119 responding subjects had purchasing intentions. An, especially, strong purchaging intention was shown in the younger age group of 15-29 year-olds, even though they had a lower preference for the Chungkukjang. Finally, an attribute of satisfaction was induced based on 'health' (79.5%) and 'flavor' (15.7%).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of steamed bread using mixed flour containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Properties of the steamed breads were tested by colorimeter, water activity, rheometer, SEM, and sensory tests. The L values and a values were higher in steamed bread with bamboo leaf powder. On the other hand, the b values of streamed bread with bamboo leaf powder were lower than lotus leaf powder. During storage, the hardness of steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders increased control. Furthermore, steamed bread with lotus leaf powder showed hardness than bamboo leaf powder. The springiness of all steamed breads decreased with storage, and steamed breads with bamboo leaf powder showed lower values than lotus leaf powder. The cohesiveness of the control was the highest, and all samples showed significant differences each other. The gumminess of the control was higher than steamed bread with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Moreover, longer storage time yielded higher gumminess. control relatively smoother surface than that of 1% bamboo leaf powder. The steamed bread with lotus leaf powder had a rougher surface than bamboo leaf powder. sensory characteristics of steamed bread, green color of the samples with bamboo leaf powder was darker than lotus leaf powder. Leaf odor was similar throughout. Freshness of steamed bread containing 1% bamboo leaf powder the highest. The overall acceptability of consumer acceptance was the control, followed by steamed bread containing 1% lotus leaf powder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the quality changes of commercial sliced and pizza cheeses processed by gamma and electron beam irradiation. The $L^*$-value of sliced and pizza cheeses decreased and the $a^*$-value decreased only in pizza cheese by both irradiation sources. There was no change in pH. There was no difference in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value between non-irradiated and irradiated samples at a dose of 3 kGy or less (p<0.05). However, both irradiation sources resulted in increased TBARS value in sliced and pizza cheeses at 5 kGy. Sensory evaluation revealed that irradiation influenced odor, taste and overall acceptability of both cheeses and may cause the limitation of consumers' acceptance for irradiated cheese products. Results indicate that both gamma and electron beam irradiations with less than 3 kGy may not influence significantly the physicochemical quality of sliced and pizza cheeses. However, to meet a market requirement, a method to overcome the sensory deterioration of cheeses should be developed and applied.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics of Jeungpyun with added modified starch. The addition of modified starch did not change the pH level of the samples, but it did increase the volume. The b-value of Jeungpyun with 3% modified starch was significantly lower than that of the control group. The addition of 3% modified starch also significantly increased the hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of the experimental group over the control group. In the test of sensory characteristics, the cell size of Jeungpyun with 2 and 3% modified starch was larger than that of the control group. Cell uniformity of Jeungpyun with 2% modified starch was lower than that of the control group. The hardness of Jeungpyun with modified starch was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the test of taste preference, Jeungpyun with modified starch beat the control group substantially. The quality of Jeungpyun with 1 and 3% modified starch showed a higher overall score than that of the control group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 신선돈육에 천연보존제를 첨가하여 지장온도에 따른 품질변화를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. pH는 모든 시료에서 부패 수준인 pH 8.0을 넘지 않았으나, 대조구 보다는 천연보존제 처리구에서 낮은 pH의 값을 나타내었다. VBN 함량의 변화는 대조구에서 $4^{\circ}C$저장시 저장 20일, $0^{\circ}C$저장시에는 저장 25일이 경과하면 19mg%이상으로 초기 부패수준에 근접하였으나, 천연보존제 처리구는 저장온도에 상관없이 저장 25일까지 안정한 VBN 함량을 나타내었다. 총균수의 경 우 저장온도에 상관없이 대조구보다는 천연보존제 처리구에서 총균수가 낮게 나타났으며, $4^{\circ}C$저장군 대조구에서는 저장 20일이 경과하면서 $3.6{\times}10^6\;CFU/g$의 총균수를 나타내어 초기부패에 도달한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 mix 처리구의 경우 저장온도와 상관없이 가장 낮은 총균수를 나타내었으며, 대장균군은 온도와 천연보존제 처리 효과가 대장균군을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능평가는 색깔의 경우에 대조구에 비해 천연보존제 처리구들에서 저장 초기부터 색깔의 유의적인 차이를 나타냈으며, 이취에서도 처리구에 상관없이 저장기간이 경과할수록 모든 시료에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 종합적으로 고려하여 볼 때 돈육 등심을 $4^{\circ}C$ 온도 저장시 대조구에서는 15일 이하, 천연 보존제 처리구는 25일 이상의 품질수명이 예측되었다. 그러므로 대조구보다 천연보존제 첨가에 의한 품질수명의 연장효과는 약 7일 이상으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2001

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sponge cakes with addition of yam (Dioscorea) powders prepared by different drying methods, hot air (HDYP : hot air dried yam powder) and freeze drying (FDYP: freeze dried yam powder), using several physical and sensory examinations. For the foam forming ability and foam stability, the specific gravities of egg foams containing 5% yam powders were measured by drainage using funnels for 78 hrs. The results showed that HDYP and FDYP did not affect the foam forming ability but FDYP increased foam stability due to increased viscosity. When the strength of 8% gels composed of wheat starch and HDYP/FDYP was measured to predict the setting of cake structure, the strengths of starch gels containing yam powders were higher than those of control without yam powders. The volume of sponge cake containing 5% HDYP increased whereas those containing FDYP decreased at the levels of 5, 7%. From the texture profile analysis data, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of cakes containing yam powders increased. The color of cake crust and crumb became darker as the amount of yam powders increased. The results of sensory evaluation by QDA (quantitative descriptive analysis) to compare two different drying methods showed that appearance and texture of cakes containing 5% HDYP were closer to those of control than cakes containing 5% FDYP but overall acceptability of sponge cakes containing yams were comparable to the control cakes regardless of drying methods. The addition of yam powders to sponge cakes increased yam flavor and decreased egg smell. Therefore, it can be suggested that HDYP and FDYP can be added to the sponge cake formula up to 7% and 5%, respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.586-592
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• 2009

Sulgidduk samples containing 2, 4, and 8% red ginseng powder and a control[ED highlight - consider specifying what the control was, if 0%, then change to Sulgidduk samples containing 0(control), 2, 4 and 8%] were examined for moisture content, color, gelatinization properties, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities to determine the optimal ratio of red ginseng powder in the formulation. The moisture contents among the samples did not differ significantly. Specifically, they ranged from 39.64 to 40.69%, and increased as the red ginseng powder content increased. Additionally, the lightness decreased and the yellowness and redness increased as the red ginseng powder content increased. Evaluation of the gelatinization properties revealed that the, peak viscosity(P), hold viscosity(H), final viscosity(F), setback, and time to peak viscosity decreased with increasing red ginseng powder content, but the breakdown and temperature to peak viscosity did not differ significantly among samples[ED highlight - please ensure my changes are correct]. The hardness and adhesiveness decreased with increasing red ginseng powder content, as did the cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness; however, the springiness did not differ significantly among samples. Sulgidduk containing 4% red ginseng received the highest scores for flavor, taste, texture and overallquality. Based on the above results of the sensory and texture analyses, Sulgidduk containing 4% red ginseng had the highest quality[ED highlight - please ensure my changes are correct].

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.994-998
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• 2002

콩 종자에 가해진 열충격이 콩나물의 품질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보기 위하여 콩에 다양한 열처리를 한 후 콩나물을 재배하면서 콩나물의 생장특성과 부패 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 콩나물의 중량, 배축과 자엽의 길이와 두께를 재배기간동안 측정한 결과 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분과 120분 동안 열처리한 시료의 생장이 대조군보다 높거나 비슷한 생장을 하였다. 부패율은 열처리한 시료들이 대조군보다 높은 값을 나타내었는데, 예외적으로 4$0^{\circ}C$/60분 시료는 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 총균수의 결과에서도 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분 동안 열처리한 시료는 대조군보다 약간 낮은 미생물 수를 나타내었다. 콩나물 자엽의 색은 열처리함에 따라 밝아져서 대조군이 가장 높은 황색도를 나타내었다. 비타민 C함량도 열처리에 의해 모두 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 열처리에 의해 비린 냄새와 쓴맛이 약해지고 고소한 맛이 증가하는 것을 확인하였고, 4$0^{\circ}C$/60분 처리한 시료가 외관과 전체적인 수용도에서 가장 좋은 평가를 받아 열처리하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다.