• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

The incidence of reproductive abnormalities in the male has been reported to have increased during the past 50 years. These changes may be attributable to the presence of chemical with oestrogenic activity in our environment. Present study was carried out to determine the effects of maternal exposure to xenoestrogens on the testicular development and on the transcriptional expression of the steroidogenic enzyme and subunits of inhibin/activin in testis of male offspring. Pregnant female mice were administrated with 4-tert-octylphenol (OP; 2, 20, 200mg/kg), Bisphenol A (BPA; 2, 20, 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg), $\beta$-estradiol 17-valerate (EV; 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) or vehicle (CV; corn oil) during gestational days 11 to 17. Offsprings were sacrificed on gestational day 18 (fetal 18) and neonatal day 7. Body weights were significantly increased in groups treated with all doses of OP and BPA. Maximum seminiferous tubules diameter on gestational day 18 were not changed in any treatment group, however, they were significantly increased on the neonatal day 7 in the group treated with low-dose of OP (2 mg/kg) and BPA (2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg). Increased expression of the P450$_{17a}$-hydroxylase dehydrogenase (P450$_{17a}$), 3$\beta$-hydroxylase dehydrogenase (3$\beta$-HSD), and 17$\beta$-hydroxylase dehydrogenase (17$\beta$-HSD) on gestational day 18 were observed in the groups treated with 2 or 20 mg/kg of OP. However, expression of the steroidogenic enzymes were not changed in the groups treated with all the doses of BPA. In contrast with the results from fetal testis, no expressional changes of these enzymes was found in all the OP-treated group and increased expression of inhibin/activin $\beta$B subunit mRNA were obseued in the 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BPA-treated group in the neonatal day 7. These results suggest that gestational exposure to low level of xenoestrogen causes a stimulatory effects on the transcriptional expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and subunits of inhibin/activin and on the seminiferous tubule development by their estrogen-like actions.ons.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.405-413
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• 1975

Testosterone이 조정기능(造精機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 숫흰쥐에 매(每) 10일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 20mg씩의 Testosterone Propionate를 투여(投與)한 후(後) 정소(精巢)의 중량(重量) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)를 50일간(日間) 조사(調査)하여 정상대조군(正常對照群)과 비교검토(比較檢討)한바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 정소(精巢)의 중량(重量)은 처리기간(處理期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 감소(減少)되는 결과(結果)를 보였는데 20일후(日後)부터 유의성(有意性)이 조정(詔定)되었다. 2. 곡세정관(曲細精管)의 직경(直徑)은 처리(處理) 40일(日)과 50일후(日後)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였다. 3. 조정기능(造精機能)이 파괴된 곡세정관(曲細精管)의 비율(比率)은 처리(處理) 20일(日) 후(後)부터 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 증가(增加)를 하여 50일(日) 후(後)에 65.8%(대조군(對照群):20.0%)로 최고치(最高値)를 보였다. 4. 정소조직(精巢組織) 구성성분(構成成分)의 비율변화(比率變化)에 있어서 정자(精子)는 20일후(日後) 정낭세포(精娘細胞) 30일후(日後)부터 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 감소(減少)를 하였으며 기타성분(其他成分)은 실제적(實除的)인 차이(差異)는 없었다. 5. Testosterone의 과량투여(過量投與)는 조정기능(造精機能)을 파괴(破壞)하는데 정자(精子)와 정낭세포(精娘細胞)가 가장 심(甚)한 손상(損傷)을 받으며 다른 부위(部位)는 큰손상(損傷)을 받지는 않았다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 1995

1992년 5월부터 1993년 8월까지 부산 수영만 인근해역에서 채집된 망상어, Ditrema temmincki를 대상으로 조직학적 방법에 의해 생식주기와 군성숙도를 조사하였다. 조사된 결과는 다음과 같다. 본종의 군성숙도는 수컷은 체장 13.5cm, 암컷은 체장 12.5cm로 조사되었다. 생식소중량지수는 수컷은 10월, 암컷은 6월에 연중 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 정소의 내부조직상은 곡정세관형이며, 난소는 5∼6장의 난소습곡으로 이루어져 있는데, 곡정세관상피와 난소습곡상피에서 각각 정원세포와 난원세포가 유래한다. 생식주기는 수컷은 성장기(5∼8월), 성숙기(9∼10월), 교미기 (11∼12월), 퇴화 및 휴지기 (1∼4월)로 나눌 수 있으며, 암컷은 성장기 (9∼10월), 교미 및 성숙기 (11∼12월), 임신기 (1∼6월), 휴지기 (7∼8월)로 나눌 수 있다. 간중량지수는 암수 모두 4월에 최고치를 보여, 수컷에서는 생식소중량지수의 월변화와 역상관 관계를 보이고, 암컷에서는 정상관 관계를 보였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-187
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• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out specific proteins from different organs of Clonorchis sinensis. Crude extract, organ-specific and excretory-secretory (ES) proteins were analyzed by immunoblot with infected human sera. The bands of 7- and 17 -kDa were main component of intestinal fluid and ES protein and commonly found in all organ-specific proteins. The 17-kDa protein was observed from ES antigen, intestinal fluid, eggs and sperms, 26- and 28-kDa proteins were from the uterus, vitellaria, and ovary, and 34-, 37-, 43- and 50-kDa proteins were mainly from the testis and sperms. Serum of mice immunized with sperms reacted to the 50-kDa protein by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining showed a positive reaction at the seminal receptacle and seminiferous tubule. The present results show that the 7-kDa protein is a common antigen of every part or organ of C. sinensis, but different organs express their specific antigenic protein bands.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2000

Objective: The present study was undertaken to synthesize a human Y chromosome specific probe and to confirm the usefulness of the probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various types of human cells. Methods: An approximately 400 bp DNA fragment of the DYZ1 sequences was synthesized by PCR using digoxigenin labeled dUTP (dig-PCR). The fidelity of probe was tested by FISH for cultured and uncultured human lymphocytes, amniocytes, chorionic villus cells, embryos, sperms, and germ cells of seminiferous tubule. Results: The human Y chromosome specific probe hybridized specifically to Y chromosome of the cells that had been tested. This probe assigned to the Yq12 region where the DYZ1 repetitive sequence is concentrated. Conclusion: We have identified a human Y chromosome specific probe that hybridized specifically to the Y chromosome by FISH for various types of uncultured as well as cultured cells. Therefore FISH technique using human Y chromosome specific probe should be useful for clinical application as a diagnostic tool for the detection of human Y chromosome.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2002

The subacute oral toxicity of 1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-phenylisoquinoline (CWJ- a-5) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Five groups of 5 males and 5 females were orally administered at doses of 0, 37.5, 75, 150 and 200 mg/kg with CWJ-a-5 for 2 weeks. In clinical signs, Salivation was observed in the 75, 150 and 500 mg/kg male and female groups. Loss of fur was observed in the 500 mg/kg male and female group. Body weight were significantly decreased in the 150 and 500 mg/kg male groups and in the 500 mg/kg female group. Food consumption was significantly decreased in the 300 mg/kg male group. In serum biochemistry, total cholesterol and phospholipid were significantly increased in 500 mg/kg male and female group. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly increased in the 500 mg/kg female group. In histopathological examination, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules in the kidney, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in the liver vacuolar degeneration of myocytes in the heart, vacuolar degeneration of histiocytes in the spleen and thymus, atrophy of seminiferous tubule and degeneration of germinal epithelium in the testis, vacuolar degeneration of corpus luteum, granulosa cell and theca cell in the ovary were observed in the 150 and 500 mg/kg male and female groups. Based on these results, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) with CWJ-a-5 was considered to be 75 mg/kg and the absolute toxic dose was considered to be 150 mg/kg in this study

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2004

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng (인삼) on the sperm motility and spermatogenesis in the male rat. Methods : We used 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and administered the extract powder of Panax Ginseng to 5 rats (treated group) and normal saline (control group) once a day for 28 days. We isolated their testes surgically, then observed the change of the body weights before and after administration of Panax Ginseng extracts and normal saline. We observed the weight of the testes, epididymis, vascular gland, and prostate. Also, we examined the total, normal motile sperm concentration, and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase. Results : We found that the concentration of normal, motile sperm in the testes of the Panax Ginseng group showed a significant difference compared with the control group. The angiogenesis of the seminiferous tubule was increased and the increasement of the number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte was observed in the Panax Ginseng group through a microscope. The body weight, the weight of the testes, epididymis, prostate and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase were higher in the Panax Ginseng group but showed no significant difference. Conclusion : This study shows that Panax Ginseng may have an effect on the morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility, and can promote the concentration of antioxidants, catalase and peroxidase, which is the important factor in spermatogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1398-1406
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• 2016

In general, the seminiferous tubule basement membrane (STBM), comprising laminin, collagen IV, perlecan, and entactin, plays an important role in self-renewal and spermatogenesis of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testis. However, among the diverse extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins constituting the STBM, the mechanism by which each regulates SSC fate has yet to be revealed. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of various ECM proteins on the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of SSCs in pigs. First, an extracellular signaling-free culture system was optimized, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and transcriptional regulation of SSC-specific genes were analyzed in porcine SSCs (pSSCs) cultured for 1, 3, and 5 days on non-, laminin- and collagen IV-coated Petri dishes in the optimized culture system. The microenvironment consisting of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-supplemented mouse embryonic stem cell culture medium (mESCCM) (GDNF-mESCCM) demonstrated the highest efficiency in the maintenance of AP activity. Moreover, under the established extracellular signaling-free microenvironment, effective maintenance of AP activity and SSC-specific gene expression was detected in pSSCs experiencing laminin-derived signaling. From these results, we believe that laminin can serve as an extracellular niche factor required for the in vitro maintenance of undifferentiated pSSCs in the establishment of the pSSC culture system.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

Objective: The effects on spermatogenesis by expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Testicular specimens were obtained from 40 infertile males due to primary testicular failure and from 10 fertile males with other urologic problems. The specimens of infertile males were devided into 4 groups according to histologic findings; Sertoli cell only syndrome (A), maturation arrest (B), hypospermatogenesis (C) and sloughing and disorganization (D). VEGF and ET-1 expression were detected with immunohistochemical stain. Results: VEGF expression on Leydig cell was detected in all cases. But, VEGF expression rates on germ cell were significantly higher in infertile group B, C, D compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). ET-1 expression rates on Leydig cell was significantly lower in all infertile group compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). But, ET-1 expression rates on Sertoli cell was significantly higher in all infertile group compared to that of the control group (p>0.05). In germ cell of infertile group, LH, FSH and prolactin were significantly decreased, and estradiol is increased in positive stain group on ET-1 immunohistochemical stain (p<0.05). VEGF and ET-1 expression were not correlated mean seminiferous tubule diameter (p>0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal spermatogenesis would be reflected in VEGF expression in germ cell.