• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2017

Purpose: Nurses experience burnout related to various factors. For this descriptive research job stress, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue were examined as to their relationship to burnout in nurses from children's hospital. Methods: The participants were 305 nurses working in children's hospital. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout. Results: Nurses in children's hospital experienced a greater than moderate degree of job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout, whereas differences existed according to general characteristics. Job stress, compassion fatigue and burnout showed a significant positive correlation and results of compassion fatigue and burnout were similar. Also, job stress, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were associated with burnout in nurses working in children's hospital. Conclusion: Findings indicate that as longer work experience is accompanied by higher job stress and burnout, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout among career nurses exposed to greater job stress in children's hospital.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2949-2952
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• 2000

A new neural networks and learning algorithm are proposed in order to measure nonlinear heights of complexed road environments in realtime without pre-information. This new neural networks is Error Self Recurrent Neural Networks(ESRN), The structure of it is similar to recurrent neural networks: a delayed output as the input and a delayed error between the output of plant and neural networks as a bias input. In addition, we compute the desired value of hidden layer by an optimal method instead of transfering desired values by back-propagation and each weights are updated by RLS(Recursive Least Square). Consequently. this neural networks are not sensitive to initial weights and a learning rate, and have a faster convergence rate than conventional neural networks. We can estimate nonlinear models in realtime by ESRN and learning algorithm and control nonlinear models. To show the performance of this one. we control 7 degree of freedom full car model with several control method. From this simulation. this estimation and controller were proved to be effective to the measurements of nonlinear road environment systems.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference according to the domestic fashion company use the character image of the inside and outside of the country, the recognition for the importance of the character by examining the purchasing behavior of high school girls and college women as the major consumer in the character fashion commodity (in the center of the clothe and accessory), and the aid for the self-development and the licensing of the character in the future. This study targeted 491 high school girls and college women in Daegu and Kyung-pook area. The character preference according to the character image applied the fashion commodity was used the scale of seven point modified the S D (Semantic Differential) method for Kim, Chun-Ae's image measure. The followings are the conclusions of this study; Both the group of high school girls and the group of college women almost represented the similar reaction result for the images of 9 characters. For the preference of the group of high school girls and the group of college women for 9 character, for characters Tweety, Bugs Bunny, the group of college women represented more preference than the group of high school girls. However, for characters of Hello Kitty, Pazama sister's and Dalki, the group of high school girls represented more preference than the group of college women.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2006

본 연구는 자가산부식 접착시스템과 자가산부식 프라이머 접착시스템의 다층적용이 혼성층 및 adhesive layer의 형성 양상, 그리고 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향 등을 비교 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 영구 구치 140개의 치아를 근원심으로 분할하여 협면 혹은 설면의 상아질을 이용하였다. 각 접착시스템을 1회, 2회, 3회 도포, 그리고 1회 도포 후 광중합한 후 1회의 추가 도포한 군으로 분류하였다. 전단결합강도와 혼성층 및 adhesive layer 두께를 측정하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 접착제에서 도포횟수가 증가함에 따라 adhesive layer의 두께가 증가하였으며 (p<0.05), Adpor Prompt L-Pop과 Xeno III에서는 자가산부식 프라이머 시스템에서보다 작게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. Adpor Prompt L-Pop에서 혼성층은 도포횟수에 따라 혼성층의 두께도 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. Unifill Bond와 Clearfill SE Bond의 전단결합강도는 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus와 Adpor Prompt L-Pop에서보다 높게 나타났으며 (p<0.05), Xeno III와는 유사하였다. 4. Adpor Prompt L-Pop은 접착제의 도포횟수가 증가함에 따라 전단결합강도는 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0.05), AdheSE에서는 3회 도포한 경우 전단결합강도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 5. Adpor Prompt L-Pop과 Xeno III에서 첫 층을 중합한 후 두 번째 층을 추가 도포한 경우 전단결합강도는 감소하였다(p<0.05).

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of providing toothbrushing by professionals as part of oral hygiene education for the elderly. We randomly visited 12 centers in the metropolitan city and analyzed the data of 114 participants among 310 early registrants aged >65 years, who participated in the study at all 3 time points. The subjects were categorized into an experimental group (odd-numbered visits) and a control group (even-numbered visits). Oral hygiene practices were provided for both experimental and control groups, but professional toothbrushing was performed in a different manner in the experimental group. Differences in plaque index (PI) according to the subjects' general characteristics and oral health status were assessed using the t-test, and the effect of PI difference between the experimental and control groups was assessed by repeated measure two-way analysis of variance. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting the PI. At baseline, the mean overall PI was 61.82. In both experimental and control groups, the PI significantly reduced from the baseline (p<0.01). At 5 weeks, the experimental group showed a decrease of 27.16 points from the baseline, and the 10-week PI was similar to the 5-week PI. The control group showed a decrease of 14.87 points from the baseline, and the PI increased by 5.74 points at 10 weeks. PI-related factors were gender and self-xerostomia. The PI was lower in the female group and the group with self- xerostomia (p<0.01). It is important to select an appropriate method to educate elderly subjects on proper removal of dental plaque and to habituate correct behavior, which requires inclusion of a direct toothbrushing intervention by a specialist.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1995

This study was performed to test the validity and reliability of the Health Self-Determinism Index for Children(HSDI-C), an instrument designed to measure dimensions and strength of motivation in health behavior, to improve the applicability of the tool through application to the various samples. The convenient sample of 148 (boys=75, girls=72 third grade=42, fourth grade=22, fifth grade=32, sixth grade=52 : Caucasian=72, Asian=30, African=19) comprised the children at a chatholic elementary school in Chicago. The children completed English version of HSDI-C from December 5th, 1994 to January l0th, 1995. The findings were as follows : 1. Four factors of HSDI-C were isolated through the principal component analysis and oblique rotation, and explained 48% of the variance in total score. Low correlations among four factors were anticipated because each factor contributed uniquely, All items of the tool loaded above .30 on one of 4 factors. But items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. 2. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 for the total items and .57∼ .81 for 4 subscales. 3. The differences of HSDI-c mean scores between boys and girls and that of among races were not statistically signifcant, but the mean score of girls and the Caucasian were relatively high. The total mean score of the scale was highest at the 3rd grade, decreased at the 4th or 5th grade, and reincreased at the 6th grade. The trend of mean score of four subscales was similar to that of total mean score. According to the results, suggested below : 1. The items loaded on each factor in this study were very different from those in the previous studies. To clear away the problem of the conceptual confusion, HSDI-C needs to be performed to various and large samples. 2. Unexpectedly, the HSDI-C mean score decreased at middle school age. A longitudinal study will be helpful to search for the change trend of the intrinsic motivation. 3. To improve the applicabilty of the HSDI-C, various reliability and validity test methods besides factor analysis or internal consistency are recommended.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.895-900
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• 2019

초음파는 인체에 무해하다고 알려져 산부인과에서 태아의 진단 및 발육상태 확인을 위해 널리 이용되고 있다. 진단 초음파의 장시간 사용은 체온 변화를 야기할 수 있지만 초음파로 인한 임신부의 자궁온도 변화에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자체 제작한 자궁모형팬텀을 이용하여 초음파 주사시간에 따른 온도 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 조직등가 물질인 아크릴과 돼지 자궁을 이용하여 인체 자궁과 유사한 자궁모형팬텀을 자체 제작하였으며 초음파 장비와 4MHz convex probe를 사용하였다. 아크릴 수조 내부, 자궁내부, 대기온도 측정을 위해 3개의 탐침형 온도계를 설치하였고 측정대상의 온도를 분단위로 6시간, 총 361회 측정 한 결과 자궁모형팬텀의 온도가 상승되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 초음파로 인한 인체 체온 상승의 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었고 본 연구가 초음파 열 흡수효과 연구의 기초자료로 활용 될 것이라 사료된다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2004

새로운 자연과학의 패러다임으로 대두되고 있는 복잡성의 과학인 카오스(Chaos), 프랙탈(Fractal) 이론은 자연을 몇 개의 단순한 요소로 분해 이해하는 것이 아니라 전체적인 관계 속에서 이해하는 것이다. 인간과 자연을 포함한 모든 세계를 바라보는 우리의 시각을 비선형성, 다양성, 시간성, 복잡성으로 향하게 하며 비정수 차원의 자연과 복잡성을 표현하기에 적합한 적용 방법이다. 비선형적 프랙탈 기하학과 카오스 이론을 예술방면으로 응용하는 것은 과학과 예술이 만나는 상상의 영역이며 아직까지 많은 연구가 이루어지지 않은 분야이다. 이러한 프랙탈 형태의 기하학적 특성과 조형 원리를 파악하기 위해 객관적인 자료를 분석해 조형 언어를 추출한 연구이다. 형식에 있어서 수학적인 방법에 의한 프랙탈적 분석이라기보다는 프랙탈의 여러 개념 가운데 특히 자기 유사성(Self-similarity)과 반복성(Recursiveness) 그리고 무작위성(Randomness), 불가능한 공간에 의해 표현되어진 도형과 그래픽디자인과의 조형적인 유사성을 밝혀 보았다. 즉 프랙탈 도형은 부분의 부분, 또 그 부분을 반복해서 확대해 가도 도형의 본직적인 구조가 변하지 않는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이와 같이 무한소까지 확대해도 전체와 일치하는 자기 닮음 구조로 되어있다. 이것은 어느 부분이나 전체를 재구성할 수 있는 정보를 모두 가지고 있음을 뜻한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 그래픽디자인에서 나타난 기하학적 조형성에 대한 프랙탈적 분석 가능성을 주로 검토하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 그리고 연구의 결과 그래픽디자인은 이미 수학적인 계산 속에서 아름다운 비례를 찾고 있었다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 자연을 표현하는 가장 적합한 공식인 프랙탈 기하학은 앞으로 과학과 그래픽디자인의 복합체로서 고유성과 특수성의 고부가가치를 창출해야 한다. 이런 요구를 수용하고 변화에 적응 발전해야 하는 필요성이 대두되는 단계에서 본 연구의 의의가 크다고 하겠다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.532-543
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide the basic data necessary for the improvement of the teaching method for basic nursing practice as well as the effectiveness of the practice by examining the students' competency in cleansing enema after doing the self study instead of the traditional education. To examine the competency in cleansing enema after the self study, this study is an one group pretest-posttest design that subjects did the enema practice through the self study. The subjects were 89 sophomore students at Y University. College of Nursing. In basic nursing lab practice class, cleansing enema self study module was given to the students which was developed by the researcher based on the literature review and asked them to finish doing the pre study and checking the self study evaluation criteria after reading the goal, learning activities and theoretical guideline. After watching the video tape, students practiced the process in the module by themselves. For the competency in cleansing enema. repeated autonomous practices were done during the open lab other than the regular class. Whenever the practice was done, the frequency and time were measure and documented. When the student felt confident through repeated practices, the competency was evaluated by the researcher and two assistants based on the evaluation criteria. And the process was repeated till the student could perform all the items on evaluation criteria completely. The data were collected for 42 days from Oct. 15 to Nov. 26 in 1996. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient and variance analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. 43.2% of the students were favorable to nursing and 63.6% like lecture, but 71.6% like practice. So they were more interested in practice than in lecture. 2. 62.3% of the students scored high in written test, 97.8% scored high in practice. So the practice score was better. 3. The frequency of repeated practice to pass the test ranged from 1 to 4 and the average is 2.2. 4. The average time needed in preparation and the performance was nearly the same regardless of the frequency. It took 5 to 38 minutes for those who passed the test after practicing once and the average was 16 minutes. 5 to 60 minutes were taken for those who practiced twice to pass the test and the average was 21 minutes. Those who passed the test after three practices needed 8 to 30 minutes and the average was 15 minutes, which was similar to the time that the students who passed the test for the first trial. Only one student passed the test after 4 practices and it took 10 minutes. 5. 64% of the students agreed that the context and the content of the module were appropriate for the self study and 68.2% were satisfied. And 71.9% said that the module helped them to practice the enema self study 6. Though only 42% of the students were satisfied with the video. 50.6% said that it was helpful for the self study. 7. 52.3% of the students were satisfied with the self study method, and 86.6% obtained self-confidence when performing the enema. 8. The lower the student's practice score was, the more practices were needed for them to pass the test(r=-.213, P<.05). As a result, for performing the enema practice competently, two or more practice opportunities were needed to be given. And it is possible to obtain the less complex nursing skills through the self study, when enough learning resources and assistance such as learning guidance or video tapes are provided. Based on this study. I want to suggest that. 1. There must be college policy that can support the new method instead of the traditional learning method for the students to attain the proficiency in basic nursing skills. 2. The assistant materials should be developed as soon as possible to promote the self study of basic nursing skills.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

해성점토를 활용한 준설매립공사에서는 준설토의 거동분석이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 침강압밀하는 준설토의 밀도와 간극비 변화를 관찰하기 위해 물리탐사기법을 적용하였다. 서해안에서 채취한 흙에 대한 기본물성시험을 실시하였고, 침강압밀시험기에 시료를 단계적으로 투기하여 시간에 따른 계면고와 탄성파의 변화를 관찰하였다. 흙의 침강압밀이 완료된 후 하방향의 투수시험을 실시하여 조간대의 영향이 준설토의 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 또한 초소형 전기저항탐침을 관입하여 깊이에 따른 시료의 전기비저항을 측정하였다. 모든 실험이 완료된 후, 시료를 채취하여 간극비를 계산하였다. 실험결과, ML 시료의 특성상 급격한 침강을 보여 침강압밀특성을 육안으로 관찰하기 어려웠으나, 단계투기가 계속될수록 탄성파의 속도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 하방향 투수에 따른 조간대 영향은 매우 적어 관찰할 수 없었다. 한편 탄성파 속도로 추정한 시료의 간극비는 단계투기에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전기비저항으로부터 계산된 간극비는 깊이에 따라 반복적으로 증가, 감소하는 형태를 나타내었으며 이는 단계투기에 따라 층을 이루고 있는 시료의 영향으로 파악된다. 시료채취, 탄성파 속도, 그리고 전기비저항으로부터 구한 간극비를 비교한 결과, 서로 유사한 관계를 나타내었다. 본 연구는 물리탐사기법이 준설토의 간극비 관찰에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.