• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2017

Human norovirus (hNoV) infection accounts for the vast majority of virus-mediated gastroenteritis cases worldwide. It causes self-limiting acute illnesses in healthy individuals lasting for a few days, however, in immunocompromised patients, hNoV can establish chronic and potentially fatal infections. Since its discovery in 1968, much effort had been made to develop cell culture and animal infection models to no avail. Only recently, some promising breakthroughs in the development of in vitro infection models have been made. Here, we will contrast and compare those models and discuss what further needs to be done to develop a reliable and robust cell culture model.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

With the development of fetal ultrasonography, detection of fetal ovarian cysts has been increased. Although ovarian cyst formation during the perinatal period is a self limiting process, there is still considerable controversy regarding the best treatment of the fetal ovarian cyst. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural history of fetal ovarian cysts and to analyze the result of treatment. From 1995 to 2004, 31 consecutive fetuses with ovarian cysts were followed by ultrasonography during the perinatal period. The fetal ovarian cyst was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography between 25weeks and 38 weeks and the mean size of the cysts was 5cm (ranged from 2 to 8cm). At birth, 3 cysts disappeared. In 2 cases, the diagnoses were changed to multicystic kidney disease and intestinal duplication. During following up of 26 cysts, 15 cysts have resolved completely. Seven cysts required oophorectomy because of cyst torsion (n=3), differentiation of tumorous condition (n=2), increased size of cyst (n=1), and large size (8cm) of cyst at birth (n=l). Fetal ovarian cyst should primarily be observed, and only in the limited cases, surgical treatment would be required for the risk of complications such as torsion and differentiation from benign to malignant pathology.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.485-492
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• 1993

Necrotizing lymphadenitis was first recognised as a self-limiting lymphadenitis by Japanese workers in 1972. It is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, but can be mistaken as malignant lymphoma. We have studied clinicopathologic features in 15 cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis. This disease occurs predominantly in young adult. Male-female ratio is 2 : 1. The commonest presentation is lateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Pain, tenderness, and fever can be seen. Biopsy of the lymph nodes from all patients demonstrates the characteristic histologic features : multifocal, relatively circumscribed nodules in the cortex and/or paracortex, consisting of a mixture of activated large lymphoid cells, histiocytes and small lymphocytes. Numerous karyorrhetic debris are present. Neutrophils and plasma cells are strikingly absent.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis is a usually asymptomatic and self-limiting disease in immunocompetent patients. However, the range of severity is wide, and the serological diagnosis is typically difficult until the convalescent phase. Thus, we examined the value of plasma EBV DNA real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in EBV hepatitis for the timely diagnosis and the relationship between EBV viral load and clinical severity. Methods: Sixty samples were confirmed as having EBV infection by RT-qPCR with the EBV BALF5 gene sequence. We examined the clinical characteristics of EBV hepatitis by reviewing medical records. Results: The median total duration of fever was 8 days (range: 0-13 days). The mean peak value of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was $241{\pm}214$ U/L, and the mean peak value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was $298{\pm}312$ U/L. There was no correlation between the serum levels of liver enzyme and plasma EBV DNA titer ($p$=0.1) or between median total duration of fever and EBV DNA titer ($p$=0.056). The median age of the EBV VCA IgM-negative group was lower compared with the EBV VCA IgM-positive group in EBV hepatitis (2 years vs. 6 years, $p$=0.0009). Conclusion: The severity of EBV hepatitis does not correlate with circulating EBV DNA load according to our data. Furthermore, we suggest that plasma EBV PCR may be valuable in young infants in whom the results of serology test for EBV infection commonly are negative.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1999

Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum. The most common manifestation in human is enteric symptoms, which in immunocompetent hosts are self-limiting but can be life threatening in immunocompromised hosts, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, severe weight loss. It's prevalence rate in immunocompetent host is variable by geographic locations (3~11%) but up to 15~40% in AIDS patients. Now it is considered as one of the important enteropathogens causing diarrhea not only in immunocompromised but also in immunocompetent hosts, especially in children. We experienced two cases of cryptosporidiosis in a 15 year old boy who was admitted due to diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever and in a 8 year old boy who was admitted due to watery diarrhea and vomiting. These are the first clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis confirmed by electron microscopy of the colonic mucosa among immunocompetent children in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-220
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• 2010

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative lesion on oral mucosa featuring as a benign mass of self-limiting growth. It can be easily misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) due to its long healing period and elevated or rolled-up margin. A 57-year old male patient who visited our department was diagnosed as SCC according to the clinical features, results of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the oral lesion. However, after performing incisional biopsy, histopathologically, there were no atypical cells, but eosinophil and CD 30+ T-cells were clustered in subcutaneous and muscle tissue. It is very significant to consider this reactive lesion in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its possibility of mistaken as malignant disease. Here, we will report a couple of cases of TUGSE with references and limit of radiographic tools used for diagnosis of head and neck cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2004

Gemcitabine is an effective newly developed chemotherapeutic agent, which is increasingly being used to treat non-small cell lung, ovarian and breast cancers. Pulmonary toxicity is usually self-limiting mild dyspnea, bronchospasm, but severe pulmonary toxicity is rarely reported. Herein, we report drug induced interstitial lung disease associated with gemcitabine treatment. High resolution computerized tomogram (HRCT) showed an increased ground glass opacity and thickened septal lines. The patient showed a rapid good response with prednisolone treatment.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2024

The spread of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) genetic testing, where users request tests directly, has been increasing. With growing demand, certification systems have been implemented to grant testing qualifications to non-medical institutions, and the scope of tests has been expanded. However, unlike cases in less regulated foreign countries, disease-related tests are still excluded from the domestic regulations. The existing de-identification method does not adequately ensure the uniqueness and familial sharing of genomic information, limiting its practical utility. Therefore, this study proposes the application of fully homomorphic encryption in the analysis process to guarantee the usefulness of genomic information while minimizing the risk of leakage. Additionally, to safeguard the individual's right to self-determination, a privacy preservation model based on Opt-out is suggested. This aims to balance genomic information protection with maintainability of usability, ensuring the availability of information in line with the user's preferences.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.295-310
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• 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to a global health crisis with substantial mortality and morbidity. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, various vaccines have been developed, but unexpected serious adverse events including vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, carditis, and thromboembolic events have been reported and became a huddle for COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine-related myocarditis (VRM) is a rare but significant adverse event associated primarily with mRNA vaccines. This review explores the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, management strategies, and outcomes associated with VRM. The incidence of VRM is notably higher in male adolescents and young adults, especially after the second dose of mRNA vaccines. The pathogenesis appears to involve an immune-mediated process, but the precise mechanism remains mostly unknown so far. Most studies have suggested that VRM is mild and self-limiting, and responds well to conventional treatment. However, a recent nationwide study in Korea warns that severe cases, including fulminant myocarditis or death, are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 VRM. The long-term cardiovascular consequences of VRM have not been well understood and warrant further investigation. This review also briefly addresses the critical balance between the substantial benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and the rare risks of VRM in the coming endemic era. It emphasizes the need for continued surveillance, research to understand the underlying mechanisms, and strategies to mitigate risk. Filling these knowledge gaps would be vital to refining vaccination recommendations and improving patient care in the evolving COVID-19 pandemic landscape.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.356-366
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• 2012

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) involving sensory and motor nerve damage or dysfunction is a common and serious clinical problem that affects many patients receiving cancer treatment. This condition may pose challenges for the clinician to diagnose and manage, particularly in patients with coexisting conditions or disorders that involve the peripheral nervous system. Many chemotherapeutic agents used today are associated with the development of serious and dose-limiting CIPN that can adversely affect the administration of planned therapy and can impair quality of life by interference with the patients' activities of daily living. The most important clinical objective in the evaluation of patients with CIPN is to determine their level of functional impairment involving activities of daily living. These findings are used to make medical decisions to continue, modify, delay, or stop treatment. The most commonly reported drugs to cause CIPN include taxanes, platinum agents, vinca alkaloids, thalidomide, and bortezomib. We aimed to determine PN incidence during cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin administration. Methods: We collected data from 125 patients who received at least one cycle of cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin. They completed a self-reported questionnaire and items related to their disease and peripheral neuropathy. The investigators filled in part of items about disease and treatment. Patient Neurotoxicity Qeustionnaire developed by Bionumerik company were applied for PN assessment. Results: The incidences of sensory neurotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were respectively 23%, 56% and 50%. The incidences of motor neurotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were respectively 18%, 42% and 19%. The incidences of severe neurotoxicities of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were respectively 13%, 28% and 14%. The incidences of PN were associated with cumulative dose but not age, gender and concurrent illness. 19.2% of the patients (24/125) were prescribed with gabapentin, nortriptyline or gabapentin plus nortriptyline to reduce these peripheral symptoms and 75% of the patients answered the drug were effective. Conclusion: Incidence of PN after cisplatin or oxaliplatin administration is cumulative dose-related. Physician-based assessments under-reported the incidence and severity of CIPN. To overcome this limitation, diagnostic tools specifically designed to assess peripheral neuropathy severity associated with chemotherapy must be developed.