• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1976

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 1975년도(年度) 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 농과대학(農科大學)의 시험전(試驗田)에서 경지이용율(耕地利用率)을 높이기 위한 작부체계(作付體系)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 우선 콩 단작(單作), 옥수수 단작(單作)과 몇가지 수준(水準)의 콩+감자 및 콩+옥수수 상호작시험(交互作試驗)을 실시(實施)하였는데 당년(當年) 8월이후(月以後) 10월(月)까지 계속(繼續)된 많은 강우(降雨)로 인(因)하여 콩+감자 혼작구(混作區)의 감자와 열무 시험(試驗)은 실패(失敗)하였다. 따라서 기타(其他) 처리구(處理區)에 대(對)한 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 콩 단작구(單作區)에 비(比)하여 옥수수 상호작구(交互作區)의 콩은 개화기(開花期)가 2~3일간(日間) 지연(遲延)되었으며 성숙기(成熟期)도 2일간(日間) 지연(遲延)되었으나 옥수수는 개화기(開花期), 성숙기(成熟期) 등의 처리간(處理間) 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 2. 콩의 간장(稈長)은 콩 단작구(單作區)가 콩+옥수수 혼작구(混作區)에 비(比)하여 더 길었으며 이들 Group간(間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 3. 주당협수(株當莢數)는 Group간(間)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 4. 절간장(節間長) 및 절수(節數)는 Group간(間)에 유의차(有惠差)가 인정(認定)되었는데 이들 모두 옥수수+콩의 혼작구(混作區)가 콩의 혼작구(混作區)가 콩 단작구(單作區)에 비(比)하여 더 큰 결과(結果)를 보였다. 지아수에서는 이와는 반대(反對)의 현상(現象)이 나타났다. 5. 간중(稈重)은 이들 Group간(間)에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 6. 10a당(當) 수량(收量)은 Group간(間)에 유의차(有意差)가 있었으며 콩 단작구(單作區)가 콩+옥수수 혼작구(混作區)에 비(比)하여 무거웠다. 7. 주당입중(株當粒重)에서는 Group들 간에 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었는데 콩 단작구(單作區)가 콩+옥수수 혼작구(混作區)에 비(比)하여 더 가벼웠고 혼작구(混作區)에서는 혼작방식(混作方式)에 따라서 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되었다. 8. 옥수수에 있어서 단작구(單作區)와 옥수수+콩의 혼작구(混作區)의 비교(比較)는 초장(草長), 10a당(當) 자수본수(雌穗本數), 자수일본당평균중(雌穗一本當平均重), 자수일본당입중(雌穗一本當粒重), 자수장(雌穗長), 자수(雌穗)둘레, 주당자수수(株當雌穗數)에 있어서는 Group간 또는 Group내(內)에서 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았고 단지 10a당(當) 옥수수 수량(收量)에 있어서는 1%수준(水準)에서 Group간에 유의차(有意差)가 있었는데 옥수수 단작구(單作區)가 제일 많았고 콩+옥수수 혼작구(混作區)에 있어서는 혼작방식(混作方式)에 따라서 수량(收量)에 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 9. 경제성분석(經濟性分析)에 있어서는 콩+옥수수의 혼작구(混作區)가 조수익(粗收益)이 많았으며 특히 7처리구(處理區)는 콩 단작구(單作區)에 비(比)하여 476%의 수익(收益)을 증가(增加)시켰다. 10. 예측(豫測)했던 바와 같이 콩의 각종형질(各種形質)은 작부체계(作付體系)에 따라서 옥수수에 비(比)하여 현저하게 영향(影響)을 받았다. 앞으로 농가소득증대(農家所得增大)를 위한 더욱 합리적(合理的)인 작부체계(作付體系)의 구명(究明)이 필요(必要)하다고 생각된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.53-84
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• 2013

With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.

• 기록학연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.157-199
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• 2009

중국공산당의 창당과 함께 문서와 당안 관리 조직이 출현한 것은 아니었다. 1926년 중앙 비서처가 설립된 이후 문서과와 그 소속 문건열람처, 문건보관처 등이 설립됨으로써 본격화되었던 것이다. 1930년대 초 비서조직의 업무개선이 집중적으로 논의되었는데, 비판의 핵심은 정치적 역할을 자각하지 못한 채 단순히 "기능적 조직"으로 전락하고 말았다는 것이었고, 이의 해결 방안은 곧 "비서처 업무의 정치화"였다. 나아가 1940년대에는 "정풍운동"의 영향으로 문서만이 아니라 각종 주요 정보자료를 수집하여 정리, 제공하는 재료과의 임무가 강조되었다. 한편, 문서의 작성에 있어서 인물이나 기관의 명칭을 다르게 표기한다든가 약물을 사용하여 문서를 작성하는 등 보안의 유지가 줄곧 강조되었으며, 또한 업무활동과 지역의 상황에 대한 정기보고를 통해 중앙과 지방간의 소통이 강조되었다. 비서장은 중요 공문의 초안을 작성하는 것은 물론, 모든 문건의 열람과 심사를 담당하여 문서처리의 중심적 역할을 수행하였다. 문서의 처리가 끝나면 당안이라고 불리우며 보관되었는데, 중앙 비서처 문서과의 "문건보관처"가 이러한 역할을 담당하였다. "중앙문고"라고 불리기도 한 문건보관처는 1930년대 초부터 더 이상 당안을 이관받을 수 없었지만, 1940년대에는 재료과가 문서와 간행재료를 보존하고 제공하는 역할을 강화해갔다. 특히 조사연구를 위한 재료의 수집이 실행되었고, 일본의 통치 아래에 있던 지역을 회복하면서 대량의 당안과 문헌 자료를 수집하기도 하였다. 1931년 당안의 분류방법과 목록작성방법이 규정된 이후 특히 1940년대에 본격적으로 제도화되었는데, 기본적으로는 주제분류법이 유지되었고 기초적인 목록표기법이 채택되었다. "중요성"과 "기밀성"을 관리의 기준으로 삼는 원칙은 비교적 초기부터 나타났지만, 문서의 보존과 폐기를 구분하는 평가의 개념이나 절차는 명확치 않았다. 비밀의 보안관리와 접근제한의 제도를 실행하는 한편, "보존과 이용의 통일"이라는 구호에서도 알 수 있듯이 당안재료의 이용제공에 대한 문제의식은 매우 강렬하였다. 혁명운동과 전쟁의 와중에서도 중국공산당은 문서당안의 관리와 보존을 강화해가는 노력을 지속했다. 그 성과가 항상 바람직한 것도 아니었고, 그 경험을 안정적으로 발전시켜갈 수 있었던 것도 아니었다. 그것은 필경 중국공산당이 처해 있던 역사적 여건에서는 불가피한 일이었을 것이다. 이 과정에서 두드러지게 나타난 특성은 단지 기능적인 수준에서 문서당안관리의 효율화를 추진했던 것이 아니라 것이 아니라, 오히려 중국공산당의 혁명운동에 미치는 정치적 의의에 대한 자각을 강화해가며, 혁명 정책 연구의 실증적 근거이자 또한 중국공산당 역사의 증거로서 당안재료가 갖는 가치에 주목하였던 것에서 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.173-198
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• 2020

최근 온라인의 비약적인 활성화로 캠페인 채널들이 다양하게 확대되면서 과거와는 비교할 수 없을 수준의 다양한 유형들의 캠페인들이 기업에서 수행되고 있다. 하지만, 고객의 입장에서는 중복 노출로 인한 캠페인에 대한 피로감이 커지면서 스팸으로 인식하는 경향이 있고, 기업입장에서도 캠페인에 투자하는 비용은 점점 더 늘어났지만 실제 캠페인 성공률은 오히려 더 낮아지고 있는 등 캠페인 자체의 효용성이 낮아지고 있다는 문제점이 있어 실무적으로 캠페인의 효과를 높이고자 하는 다양한 연구들이 지속되고 있다. 특히 최근에는 기계학습을 이용하여 캠페인의 반응과 관련된 다양한 예측을 해보려는 시도들이 진행되고 있는데, 이 때 캠페인 데이터의 다양한 특징들로 인해 적절한 특징을 선별하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 전통적인 특징 선택 기법으로 탐욕 알고리즘(Greedy Algorithm) 중 SFS(Sequential Forward Selection), SBS(Sequential Backward Selection), SFFS(Sequential Floating Forward Selection) 등이 많이 사용되었지만 최적 특징만을 학습하는 모델을 생성하기 때문에 과적합의 위험이 크고, 특징이 많은 경우 분류 예측 성능 하락 및 학습시간이 많이 소요된다는 한계점이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 캠페인에서의 효과성 제고를 위해 개선된 방식의 특징 선택 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 연구의 목적은 캠페인 시스템에서 처리해야 하는 데이터의 통계학적 특성을 이용하여 기계 학습 모델 성능 향상의 기반이 되는 특징 부분 집합을 탐색하는 과정에서 기존의 SFFS의 순차방식을 개선하는 것이다. 구체적으로 특징들의 데이터 변형을 통해 성능에 영향을 많이 끼치는 특징들을 먼저 도출하고 부정적인 영향을 미치는 특징들은 제거를 한 후 순차방식을 적용하여 탐색 성능에 대한 효율을 높이고 일반화된 예측이 가능하도록 개선된 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 실제 캠페인 데이터를 이용해 성능을 검증한 결과, 전통적인 탐욕알고리즘은 물론 유전자알고리즘(GA, Genetic Algorithm), RFE(Recursive Feature Elimination) 같은 기존 모형들 보다 제안된 모형이 보다 우수한 탐색 성능과 예측 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 제안 특징 선택 알고리즘은 도출된 특징들의 중요도를 제공하여 예측 결과의 분석 및 해석에도 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이를 통해 캠페인 유형별로 중요 특징에 대한 분석과 이해가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2011

본 연구는 문화예술상품 소비자 연구를 위한 개념적 구조를 마련하고, 문화예술상품 생산기관 및 문화예술정책기관과 문화예술을 활용하는 기업의 문화마케팅의 효율성을 위하여 문화예술정책기관에 실무적 시사점을 제시하기 위하여 실시되었다. 현대소비문화 속에서 문화예술상품 소비자의 가치인식과 추구혜택을 사회적 맥락에서 심층적으로 파악하기 위해, 문화예술상품 소비자를 대표할 수 있는 10대부터 50대까지의 남녀 58명을 12개의 그룹으로 나누어 총 12회에 걸친 표적집단면접(FGI)를 실시하였다. 문화예술상품은 예술가의 정신적·관념적 창작행위나 그 결과물인 작품에 경제적 교환가치가 부여되어 소비되는 상품이다. 문화예술상품의 특성을 바탕으로 문화예술상품에 대한 소비자의 가치인식의 개념구조를 알아본 결과 '실제적·개인적 가치재', '사회적 공공재', '미학적·감각적 경험재'로 나타났으며, 경험적 소비재의 관점에서 문화예술상품 소비 추구혜택의 개념구조를 알아본 결과 '예술적 특성지향', '사회적 관계지향', '개인적 유익지향'의 방향성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 문화예술상품 소비에 대한 이와 같은 소비자의 가치인식과 추구혜택의 개념구조는 합리적 소비, 기호 상징적 소비, 경험적 소비, 반성적 소비라는 복합적인 현대소비문화가 반영된 것으로 해석 할 수 있다. 문화예술상품에 대한 소비자 가치인식과 추구혜택의 관계를 개념적으로 분석한 결과 문화예술상품 소비자의 가치인식에 따라 추구혜택이 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 문화예술상품에 대한 소비자의 가치인식이 추구혜택의 특성을 형성하며, 소비를 결정하고 문화예술상품을 선택하는데 있어서 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구 결과로 나타난 가치인식과 추구혜택의 개념구조는 문화예술상품 소비자 연구의 측정도구 개발에 사용될 수 있으며, 기업의 효율적인 문화예술마케팅 전략 및 소비자 중심의 문화예술상품 생산과 국민의 삶의 질을 향상시키고자 하는 국가기관의 정책 수립에 필요한 소비자 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-40
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• 1972

Much has teed changed in the field of hospital administration in the It wake of the rapid development of sciences, techniques ana systematic hospital management. However, we still have a long way to go in organization, in the quality of hospital employees and hospital equipment and facilities, and in financial support in order to achieve proper hospital management. The above factors greatly effect the ability of hospitals to fulfill their obligation in patient care and nursing services. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal methods of standardization and quality nursing so as to improve present nursing services through investigations and analyses of various problems concerning nursing administration. This study has been undertaken during the six month period from October 1971 to March 1972. The 41 comprehensive hospitals have been selected iron amongst the 139 in the whole country. These have been categorized according-to the specific purposes of their establishment, such as 7 university hospitals, 18 national or public hospitals, 12 religious hospitals and 4 enterprise ones. The following conclusions have been acquired thus far from information obtained through interviews with nursing directors who are in charge of the nursing administration in each hospital, and further investigations concerning the purposes of establishment, the organization, personnel arrangements, working conditions, practices of service, and budgets of the nursing service department. 1. The nursing administration along with its activities in this country has been uncritical1y adopted from that of the developed countries. It is necessary for us to re-establish a new medical and nursing system which is adequate for our social environments through continuous study and research. 2. The survey shows that the 7 university hospitals were chiefly concerned with education, medical care and research; the 18 national or public hospitals with medical care, public health and charity work; the 2 religious hospitals with medical care, charity and missionary works; and the 4 enterprise hospitals with public health, medical care and charity works. In general, the main purposes of the hospitals were those of charity organizations in the pursuit of medical care, education and public benefits. 3. The survey shows that in general hospital facilities rate 64 per cent and medical care 60 per-cent against a 100 per cent optimum basis in accordance with the medical treatment law and approved criteria for training hospitals. In these respects, university hospitals have achieved the highest standards, followed by religious ones, enterprise ones, and national or public ones in that order. 4. The ages of nursing directors range from 30 to 50. The level of education achieved by most of the directors is that of graduation from a nursing technical high school and a three year nursing junior college; a very few have graduated from college or have taken graduate courses. 5. As for the career tenure of nurses in the hospitals: one-third of the nurses, or 38 per cent, have worked less than one year; those in the category of one year to two represent 24 pet cent. This means that a total of 62 per cent of the career nurses have been practicing their profession for less than two years. Career nurses with over 5 years experience number only 16 per cent: therefore the efficiency of nursing services has been rated very low. 6. As for the standard of education of the nurses: 62 per cent of them have taken a three year course of nursing in junior colleges, and 22 per cent in nursing technical high schools. College graduate nurses come up to only 15 per cent; and those with graduate course only 0.4 per cent. This indicates that most of the nurses are front nursing technical high schools and three year nursing junior colleges. Accordingly, it is advisable that nursing services be divided according to their functions, such as professional, technical nurses and nurse's aides. 7. The survey also shows that the purpose of nursing service administration in the hospitals has been regulated in writing in 74 per cent of the hospitals and not regulated in writing in 26 per cent of the hospitals. The general purposes of nursing are as follows: patient care, assistance in medical care and education. The main purpose of these nursing services is to establish proper operational and personnel management which focus on in-service education. 8. The nursing service departments belong to the medical departments in almost 60 per cent of the hospitals. Even though the nursing service department is formally separated, about 24 per cent of the hospitals regard it as a functional unit in the medical department. Only 5 per cent of the hospitals keep the department as a separate one. To the contrary, approximately 12 per cent of the hospitals have not established a nursing service department at all but surbodinate it to the other department. In this respect, it is required that a new hospital organization be made to acknowledge the independent function of the nursing department. In 76 per cent of the hospitals they have advisory committees under the nursing department, such as a dormitory self·regulating committee, an in-service education committee and a nursing procedure and policy committee. 9. Personnel arrangement and working conditions of nurses 1) The ratio of nurses to patients is as follows: In university hospitals, 1 to 2.9 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 4.0 for out-patients; in religious hospitals, 1 to 2.3 for hospitalized patients and 1 to 5.4 for out-patients. Grouped together this indicates that one nurse covers 2.2 hospitalized patients and 4.3 out-patients on a daily basis. The current medical treatment law stipulates that one nurse should care for 2.5 hospitalized patients or 30.0 out-patients. Therefore the statistics indicate that nursing services are being peformed with an insufficient number of nurses to cover out-patients. The current law concerns the minimum number of nurses and disregards the required number of nurses for operation rooms, recovery rooms, delivery rooms, new-born baby rooms, central supply rooms and emergency rooms. Accordingly, tile medical treatment law has been requested to be amended. 2) The ratio of doctors to nurses: In university hospitals, the ratio is 1 to 1.1; in national of public hospitals, 1 to 0.8; in religious hospitals 1 to 0.5; and in private hospitals 1 to 0.7. The average ratio is 1 to 0.8; generally the ideal ratio is 3 to 1. Since the number of doctors working in hospitals has been recently increasing, the nursing services have consequently teen overloaded, sacrificing the services to the patients. 3) The ratio of nurses to clerical staff is 1 to 0.4. However, the ideal ratio is 5 to 1, that is, 1 to 0.2. This means that clerical personnel far outnumber the nursing staff. 4) The ratio of nurses to nurse's-aides; The average 2.5 to 1 indicates that most of the nursing service are delegated to nurse's-aides owing to the shortage of registered nurses. This is the main cause of the deterioration in the quality of nursing services. It is a real problem in the guest for better nursing services that certain hospitals employ a disproportionate number of nurse's-aides in order to meet financial requirements. 5) As for the working conditions, most of hospitals employ a three-shift day with 8 hours of duty each. However, certain hospitals still use two shifts a day. 6) As for the working environment, most of the hospitals lack welfare and hygienic facilities. 7) The salary basis is the highest in the private university hospitals, with enterprise hospitals next and religious hospitals and national or public ones lowest. 8) Method of employment is made through paper screening, and further that the appointment of nurses is conditional upon the favorable opinion of the nursing directors. 9) The unemployment ratio for one year in 1971 averaged 29 per cent. The reasons for unemployment indicate that the highest is because of marriage up to 40 per cent, and next is because of overseas employment. This high unemployment ratio further causes the deterioration of efficiency in nursing services and supplementary activities. The hospital authorities concerned should take this matter into a jeep consideration in order to reduce unemployment. 10) The importance of in-service education is well recognized and established. 1% has been noted that on the-job nurses. training has been most active, with nursing directors taking charge of the orientation programs of newly employed nurses. However, it is most necessary that a comprehensive study be made of instructors, contents and methods of education with a separate section for in-service education. 10. Nursing services'activities 1) Division of services and job descriptions are urgently required. 81 per rent of the hospitals keep written regulations of services in accordance with nursing service manuals. 19 per cent of the hospitals do not keep written regulations. Most of hospitals delegate to the nursing directors or certain supervisors the power of stipulating service regulations. In 21 per cent of the total hospitals they have policy committees, standardization committees and advisory committees to proceed with the stipulation of regulations. 2) Approximately 81 per cent of the hospitals have service channels in which directors, supervisors, head nurses and staff nurses perform their appropriate services according to the service plans and make up the service reports. In approximately 19 per cent of the hospitals the staff perform their nursing services without utilizing the above channels. 3) In the performance of nursing services, a ward manual is considered the most important one to be utilized in about 32 percent of hospitals. 25 per cent of hospitals indicate they use a kardex; 17 per cent use ward-rounding, and others take advantage of work sheets or coordination with other departments through conferences. 4) In about 78 per cent of hospitals they have records which indicate the status of personnel, and in 22 per cent they have not. 5) It has been advised that morale among nurses may be increased, ensuring more efficient services, by their being able to exchange opinions and views with each other. 6) The satisfactory performance of nursing services rely on the following factors to the degree indicated: approximately 32 per cent to the systematic nursing activities and services; 27 per cent to the head nurses ability for nursing diagnosis; 22 per cent to an effective supervisory system; 16 per cent to the hospital facilities and proper supply, and 3 per cent to effective in·service education. This means that nurses, supervisors, head nurses and directors play the most important roles in the performance of nursing services. 11. About 87 per cent of the hospitals do not have separate budgets for their nursing departments, and only 13 per cent of the hospitals have separate budgets. It is recommended that the planning and execution of the nursing administration be delegated to the pertinent administrators in order to bring about improved proved performances and activities in nursing services.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.163-193
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• 1997

복지사회를 지향하는 오늘날, 건강 중진에 직접 관계되는 의료시설의 접근성 문제는 주요 과제이다. 특히 삶의 질이라는 측면에서 질병의 치료 외에 건강진단, 예방과 회복, 요양 및 응급서비스의 비중이 커지고, 인구의 노령화 현상이 진전되면서 의료시설의 효율적인 입지가 주 관심사로 대두되고 있다. 의료시설은 주민의 생존과 직접 관계되는 기본적이고도 필수적인 중심시설로, 지역 주민은 균등한 혜택을 받을 수 있어야 한다. 이를 실현시키기 위해서는 기본적으로는 효율성과 평등성을 기반으로 1차 진료기관이 균등 분포해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 광주시를 사례지역으로 선정하여 의료시설의 입지와 그에 대한 주민의 효율적 이용에 관하여 분석하였다. 분석에 있어서는 통계자료와 기존의 연구 성과 외에 설문 및 현지조사 자료를 기반으로 시설 측면과 이용자 측면을 동시에 고찰하였다. 우선 의료 환경의 변화 및 의료시설의 변화 과정을 고찰하고, 이어서 의료시설의 유형별 입지 특성과 주민의 분포 특성을 고려한 지역별 의료수준을 분석하였다. 그리고 유형별 의료시설의 이용행태와 그 요인을 구명한 후, 마지막으로 장래 이용 유형의 예측과 문제지역의 추출, 나아가서는 시설의 합리적인 입지와 경영 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는, 앞으로 신설될 의료시설의 적정 입지에 관한 기본 자료로서는 물론 지역 주민의 불평등성 해소라는 응용적 측면에서 의의를 지닌다.