• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

This paper aims to analyze inequality of maize self-sufficiency rate among countries in 1970-2011. Utilizing sub-group consistency of Generalized Entropy and Atkinson inequality index, the estimated maize self-sufficiency rate inequality is further decomposed into two steps' separate country groups. First, lower and upper income groups and then lower, lower middle, upper middle and high income groups are used based on the national classification of the world bank. It is inferred that 1980s' policy intervention and 1990s' Uruguay Round negotiations have different effect on the inequality among four different country groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

Transformation behavior and hardness change were studied in five kinds of self-control steels; standard, high V, modified Ni, W, and high C-Ni steels. In the cooling rates of $10-100^{\circ}C/min$, the primary ferrite and bainite were formed, and the amount of the former increased with decreasing cooling rate. The bainite transformation temperature, Bs, was measured as 570, 560, 590, 575, and $565^{\circ}C$ in experimental steels, respectively, which was similar to the calculated temperature. The self-control, that is, the consistency in hardness, was observed, in which the hardness increased with the decrease in Bs. In the case of hot compression testing, the lower temperature deformation led to the enhancement in hardness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to investigate (I) the acquisition of character constancy of self and others as a function of age; (2) the pattern of acquisition of character constancy, and (3) the relationships between character constancy and conservation of number and mass. The subjects of this study were 160 children, 20 boys and 20 girls at each grade level, kindergarter through grade 3. The Character Constancy Tasks devised bi Rotenberg (1982) and conservation task of number and mass were administered to each child. Chi square, Guttman Scale analysis and Pearson's Correlation were used for the statistical analysis of data. The findings showed that there was increase with age in character constancy of others and of sell in that there was increase with age in children's belief that the characteristics of another person are stable across time and consistent despite changes in a person's appearance. Character constancy of others and of self were acquired in the developmental stages of identity, stability, and consistency. Character constancy of others and self correlated with the conservation of number and mass.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.225-242
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• 1999

The psychometric properties of a preliminary version of the Friendship Quality Scale(FQS) were examined with data collected from 300 3rd and 5th grade children. Scores on the Self-Perception Scale were obtained to examine convergent validity. The FQS assesses friendship quality in 9 sub-scales, inclusive of 6 friendship functions. Factor analysis confirmed the 9 sudscale structure of the FQS for 5th graders, but 4 friendship functions instead of 6 were a better fit for 3rd graders. Except for one, the sub-scales showed relatively high internal consistency ; Cronbach ${\alpha}$ ranged from .70 to .93. Convergent validity was indicated by correlations between self-perception and sex differences in friendship functions. Friendship functions and satisfaction were related to self-perceptions in social acceptance, behavior, and global self-worth. Girls reported higher friendship functions and satisfaction in friendship than boys.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.317-328
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to measure the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-efficacy for restorative care activity (K-SERCA) scale and the outcome expectations for restorative care activity (K-OERCA) scale. Psychometric testing was given to 187 nurses who have worked in 69 long-term care facilities in South Korea via post service and personal visit. Data were collected via structured-questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content, construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity and internal consistency reliability were conducted. The K-SERCA scale had factor loading of the 10 items ranged from .74 to .87, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.96, NFI=.94, RMSEA=.10). The K-SERCA scale was also a significantly positive correlation with 'Job satisfaction' (r=.32, p<.001). There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.94$. The K-OERCA scale had factor loading of the 9 items ranging from .38 to .95, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.98, NFI=.96, RMSEA=.09). The K-OERCA scale was also a positive correlation with 'Knowledge (r=.26, p<.001)', and 'Job satisfaction (r=.30, p<.001)'. There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$. The results demonstrate that the K-SERCA and K-OERCA scales had satisfactory validity and reliability to measure self-efficacy and outcome expectations for restorative care activities among nurses who have worked in long-term care facilities in South Korea.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.411-421
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a self-control competency scale for school-aged children and to confirm its reliability and validity. Methods: This study involved methodological research to verify the reliability and validity of a self-control competency scale for school-aged children. Data were collected from 438 students in the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school. Results: The self-control competency scale was composed of 13 items and six subscales (control of relationship with one's teacher, problem-solving, peer empathy, control of relationships with one's peers, impulse control, and emotional control). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's α, which was .83 for the entire scale and ranged from .65 to .76 for the subscales. The model of six subscales was validated by CFA (CMIN/df=1.977; p<.001, GFI=.94, SRMR=.050, RMSEA=.065, IFI=.95, TLI=.93, CFI=.95). Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing this scale to the scale developed by Nam and Ok (2000), and a significant correlation was found (r=.82, p<.001). On this scale, higher scores indicate higher levels of self-control among late-school-aged children. Conclusion: This scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for examining self-control competency among late-school-aged children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to validate the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale(CPIC) with Korean children. The subjects were 323 sixth graders from three elementary schools in Seoul. The CPIC Scale (Grych, Seid. & Fincham, 1992). the Children's Depression Inventory(CDI; Kovacs, 1981) and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale( RCMAS: Reynolds & Richmond, 1978) were used as methodological instruments. The methods for data analyses were Pearson's r. factor analysis, and Cronbach's. Eight of the nine initial scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. The correlations among the CPIC subscales were assessed and the data were examined with factor analysis. Three factors were extracted and labeled 'Conflict Properties, Self-Blame,' and 'Threat', respectively. The validity of the CPIC subscales was assessed by examining correlations between the CPIC subscales and the CDI and the RCMAS, and the coefficients were significant. The three scales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's=.86, .81, .79).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-132
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to recognize the self - efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior. For the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed and the Cronbach's s value was calculated to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The effect of organizational culture of self - efficacy on organizational citizenship behavior was as follows. First, it was analyzed that individual culture, collective culture, hierarchical culture, and rational culture had a significant effect on self - efficacy. Second, self-efficacy had an important effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Third, individual culture and rational culture had a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. However, the collective culture and hierarchical culture, which put emphasis on family relations and teamwork, had no significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior respectively. Therefore, it is found that the group culture which valuesfamily-friendly and feamwork of its members,or the hierarchical citure for adapting to the external environment has no effect on organizational citizenship behavior family-friendly and lay emphasis on the teamwork of the organization members, and it does not have an effect on the organizational citizenship behavior.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2015

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is a stable and cohesive high consistency concrete mix with enhanced filling ability properties that reduce the need for mechanical compaction. Limited standards and specifications have been reported in the literature on the structural behavior of reinforced self-compacting concrete elements. The significance of the research presented in this paper stems from the need to investigate the effect of enhanced fluidity of SCC on the structural behavior of high strength self-consolidating reinforced concrete beams. To meet the objectives of this research, twelve reinforced concrete beams were prepared with two different generations of superplasticizers and designed to exhibit flexure, shear, or bond splitting failure. The compared beams were identical except for the type of superplasticizer being used (second generation sulphonated-based superplasticizer or third generation polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer). The outcomes of the experimental work revealed comparable resistance of beam specimens made with self-compacting (SCC) and conventional vibrated concrete (VC). The dissimilarities in the experimental values between the SCC and the control VC beams were not major, leading to the conclusion that the high flowability of SCC has little effect on the flexural, shear and bond strengths of concrete members.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Purpose : The objective of this study was the development and validation of a scale to measure the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in Korea. Method: Self-care scale was developed based on the self-care activities patients had to carry out in order to manage their COPD. The original scale contained 34 items rated along a five-point Likert scale and was reviewed by 18 professional nurses and 10 Korean patients with COPD for content validity. Subsequently, patients with COPD were asked to complete this 23-item scale and further tests were done with the 125 useable responses. Result: Factor analysis identified eight factors-'maintaining a clean air way', 'taking medication', 'support from family', 'preventing infection', 'managing symptoms', 'breathing exercising', and 'taking in nutrition'. The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's α=0.7226. These eight factors explained 60.8% of total variance. There was correlation among Korean Self-Care Scale score, administration level, and knowledge level but there was no correlation to patients' satisfaction with medical services. Conclusion: The 23 item questionnaire positively identified 8 areas defined important for COPD patients. Further studies are required to see how these can be integrated into patient education.