• 제목/요약/키워드: self-blame

검색결과 37건 처리시간 0.021초

Near Misses Experienced at a University Hospital in Korea

  • Park, Mi-Hyang;Kim, Hyun-Joo;Lee, Bo-Woo;Bae, Seok-Hwan;Lee, Jin-Yong
    • 한국의료질향상학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.41-57
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how many healthcare professionals experienced near misses, what types of near misses occurred most often, and healthcare professionals' opinions about near misses at one university hospital in Korea. Methods: The authors developed a questionnaire including 26 core types of near misses and 4 questions about preventability and reporting barriers. The survey was conducted from Oct. 31st to Nov. 18th 2011, about 3 weeks, using a self-administrated questionnaire that was administered to 697 healthcare professionals (registered nurses, pharmacists, technicians, and nurses aides) who worked at a university hospital. Medical doctors and employees working in the department of administration were excluded. Results: About half of hospital workers experienced at least one or more near misses during the past one year. The drug dispensing process was the most common subcategory of near misses. Among the 26 items, patient falls was highest. Over 95% of respondents reported that the near miss they experienced was preventable. Also, more than half of respondents did not report the near miss and the main reason for omission was fear of blame. Conclusion: Regarding patient safety issues, a near miss is a very significant factor because it can be a potential adverse event. Therefore, we should grasp the size of the problem through tracking and analyzing near misses and should make an effort to reduce them. To do so, we should check whether our reporting system is well designed and functioning.

온라인 게임 내 괴롭힘 경험, 조직대응에 대한 기대, 유저의 성별이 대응전략에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Harassment Experiences in Online Games, Expectation on Organizational Response, and Gender on Coping Strategies)

  • 김민채;노혜경
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.266-277
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 온라인 게임 내 괴롭힘 상황에서의 대응전략 유형에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 탐색적으로 조사하였다. 온라인 게임을 이용하는 만 19세 이상의 성인 남녀 416명을 대상으로 게임 내 괴롭힘 경험과 조직대응에 대한 기대 수준, 대응전략 유형을 조사한 결과, 여성 유저는 남성 유저에 비해 더 많은 괴롭힘을 경험하며, 특히 성적 괴롭힘은 주로 여성 유저들만을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 여성 유저들은 남성에 비해 성별가리기, 도움구하기, 회피, 미러링을 자주 선택하였으며, 남성은 자기비난을 더 많이 선택하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 이용해 괴롭힘 경험, 조직대응에 대한 기대, 성별이 각각의 대응전략 유형에 영향을 미치는 경로를 분석하였다. 성적 괴롭힘 경험은 모든 대응전략에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 조직대응에 대한 기대가 높을수록 유저들은 성별가리기보다는 도움구하기를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 향후 온라인 게임 내 괴롭힘에 관한 대처방안 마련의 가능성을 논의하였다.

'사람됨' 준거 위반과 도덕적 정서로서의 화(火)의 관계 분석 (The Relationship between Transgressive Behaviors of Humanity and Moral Anger in Korean Culture)

  • 김기범;임효진
    • 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2005
  • 한국 문화에서 '사람'에 대한 지각이나 평가의 차원으로 '도덕성'과 '능력' 등이 중요한 것으로 나타나고 있다. '사람은 어떠해야 한다'는 문화적으로 공유된 신념이나 가정 혹은 표상이 있다는 것은 어떤 행위자가 사람으로서의 기대와 신념을 위반하는 행동을 했을 때 도덕적 평가를 받게 됨을 의미한다. 이러한 도덕적 판단이나 평가와 관련된 정서 중 하나가 화(火)이다. 화 표현은 도덕적 관례 속에서 문화적이고 규범적인 양식에 따라 나타나는 것이라고 할 수 있고, 화를 내는 것은 타인의 행위에 대한 도덕적 판단이 개입된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사람됨의 준거가 무엇이고 사람됨의 준거를 위반했을 때 화 반응을 분석하기 위해 두 가지 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 1에서는 사람됨의 준거와 이를 위반했을 때 평가와 이유를 질적인 접근법 중 FGI와 면접을 통해 알아보았고, 연구 2에서는 사람됨의 준거 위반을 대인관계 차원과 개인의 자율 차원으로 구분하여 행위자에 대한 평가를 측정하였다. 면접 분석 결과 사람됨의 준거는 대인관계 윤리를 지키는 것이 중요한 차원으로 나타났고, 실험 결과 자율성 영역보다는 대인관계 윤리 영역을 위반했을 때 더욱 화가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 화 반응은 비난이나 책임과 밀접한 관련이 있고, 사회규범을 위반했다는 판단에 행동을 억제하거나 제지하는 심리적 기능이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

외국어 원문 및 영문 초록

  • 한국환경교육학회
    • 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.89-211
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    • 1993
  • The Korean government embarked upon ambitious economic development plans in the 1960's the goals of development policy at that time were the elimination of absolute poverty and the alleviation of unemployment. With scant natural resources, the government had to push for industrialization based upon borrowed foreign raw materials with surplus local labor. Preoccupation with the economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environmental protection. It is evident that Korea's exported industrialization strategy of the past three decades has been a success in terms of income, production, and other macroeconomic indicators, but it cannot be denied that a host of undesirable side-effects have been created. These include environmental problems. congestion in several large cities, poor wealth distribution, and regional disparities. The environmental problems were recognized even in the early stage of development, but preoccupation with the pending economic goals of industrialization and export expansion left little room for considering environment protection. The perceived and actual seriousness of the problems, however, has reached such a level that further negligence may imperil political stability and developmental problems facing the world arise from a world economic order characterized by ever expanding consumption and production, which exhausts and contaminates natural resources and creates and perpetuates gross inequalities between and within nations. It will be necessary to develop new culture and ethical values, transform economic structures, and reorient, our lifestyles. Changing lifestyles can not be promoted by government policy initiative alone but through self=generated educational efforts and mutual training by people themselves. The citizens group for environment (NGOs) should assume these educational and training responsibilities starting from grass-root level of people. It must be reawakened to the reality that the environmental preservation for better quality of life is based on the development of human relationships, creativity, spirituality, reverance for the natural world and celebration of life, and is not dependent upon increased consumption of non-basic material goods. To carry on such environment education social movements and NGOs should (1) provides educational methodologies, which focus on values clarification and moving beyond clarification and moving beyond blame to constructive action. (2) provide training for leaders of business and industry, government, union and others on consumption and production. (3) initiate and support the training and work of environmental counselor who encourage responsible consumption. (4) cooperative with media to initiate and strengthen educational programs on the social environmental programs on the social environmental impacts of consumption and production and to build awareness of consumer responsibility and potential. Economic and social development can be compatible with environment protection : both can be achieved simultaneously. Effective environmental management depends on the various factors : political will, institutional arrangements, appropriate legislation, and availability of the requistite financial and technological resources, which is possible with a strong public awareness of the importance of environmental preservation.

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직업적 역할은 정신장애인이 지각한 편견을 감소시키는가? (Effects of vocational roles on the perceived prejudice of people with psychiatric disabilities)

  • 김문근
    • 사회복지연구
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.299-326
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 정신장애인이 지각하는 사회의 편견에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇이며 이러한 요인의 영향은 어떠한 이론적 근거에서 설명될 수 있는지 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 상징적 상호작용주의이론에 근거하여 직업적 역할, 직업재활서비스욕구, 가족의 편견인식이 정신장애인이 지각하는 편견에 미치는 영향을 검정하였다. 본 연구의 분석에 활용된 자료는 2008년 국가인권위원회의 '전국 정신질환자 및 가족 생활실태조사'자료 중 충실히 응답된 229사례였고, 자료분석은 위계적 회귀분석을 활용하였다. 자료분석결과 정신장애인의 증상이 높을수록 편견인식이 높았고, 직업적 역할이 있으면 편견인식이 유의하게 감소하였다. 직업을 통해 재활을 도모하는 상태에 있으면 편견인식이 유의하게 증가하였고, 가족의 편견인식이 높으면 정신장애인의 편견인식도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가족의 편견인식은 직업적 역할이 정신장애인의 편견인식을 감소시키는 효과를 상쇄하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 근거하여 이론적, 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

초기노년기 여성이 경험한 이혼결정단계별 심리적 어려움에 관한 질적사례연구 (Qualitative Case Study on Psychological Difficulties Found In Each Divorce Decision Making Stage That Senescent Women Face in Their Early Stage of Elderly Life)

  • 문정화;김미라
    • 한국가족복지학
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    • 제58호
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    • pp.67-96
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 초기 노년기에 이혼한 여성노인을 대상으로 진행된 상담사례를 통해 이혼결정단계별로 경험한 심리적 어려움에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2012년 11월부터 2013년 3 월까지 총 18회기 진행된 상담 사례를 수집하여 질적 분석을 시도하였다. 상담과정에서 진술된 의미 있는 주제를 분석하여 도출된 연구 결과로 이혼결정은 <불일치로 인한 잠재적 갈등>, <소통 장애로 인한 이혼 위기 촉발>, <밖으로 도는 남편과의 정서적 균열>, <자식을 위한 이혼철회>, <분리를 시도하는 딸들에 대한 배신감 증폭>, <결혼생활 유지 의미 상실과 이혼결심>의 단계를 거친 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이혼결정과정에서 나타난 심리적 경험으로는 <실망과 불신>, <피해의식과 분노>, <정서적 유기와 상처>, <자책과 감내>, <원통함과 소외>, <무기력과 한(恨)>으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 이혼결정과정에서 어려움을 겪는 초기노년기 여성노인의 심리사회적 어려움을 지원하기 위한 상담 전략을 제공하였다는데 의미가있다.

쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로 (Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers)

  • 박경원;박주영
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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