• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in females in Sri Lanka and early detection can lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate selected aspects of breast cancer early detection services implemented through well woman clinics (WWCs) in the Gampaha District. Methods: The study consisted of two components. A retrospective descriptive arm assessed clinical breast examination (CBE) coverage of target age group women (TGW) of 35-59 years in all the WWCs in Gampaha district over 2003-2007. A cross sectional descriptive study additionally assessed quality of breast cancer early detection services. The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique was used to decide on the lot size and threshold values, which were computed as twenty and six clinics. Checklists were employed in assessing coverage, physical facilities and clinic activities. Client satisfaction on WWC services was assessed among 200 TGW attending 20 WWCs using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: CBE coverage in the Gampaha district increased only from 1.1-2.2% over 2003-2007. With regard to physical facilities, the number of clinics that were rated substandard varied between 7-18 (35-90%). The items that were lacking included dust bins, notice boards, stationary, furniture and linen, and cleanliness of outside premises and toilets. With regard to clinic activities, punctuality of staff, late commencement of clinics, provision of health education, supervision, CBE and breast self-examination (BSE) were substandard in 7-20 clinics (35-100%). Client satisfaction for WWC services was 45.2% (IQR: 38.7-54.8%) and only 11% had a score of ${\geq}70%$, the cut off set for satisfaction. Conclusions: Breast cancer early detection service coverage in the Gampaha district remained low (2.2%) in 2007, 11 years after commencing WWCs. All 20 clinics were substandard for overall CBE and BSE.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 2007

Fashion have been expressed by a face through various a period, social change, and various culture changing. Human expresses as "Transformation" by applying these needs of changing to the fashion. A origin tribe expressed its own self by using direct body transformation and extreme decorations in the past. However, human express creative and esthetic desire based on shape, material, and transformation method in the present time characteristics of the body. Exceptional transformation breaking a existing fixed idea appeared frequently due to dissolution through transformation which is positive expression method in the fashion from 20th century. As a results, followings are obtained in this study. First, human body transforms by using a tool or intermediation in investigation of aesthetic meaning for human body. The object, Transformation, is stably transformed by disintegration, distortion, exaggeration and simplification reduction, as design's sensitivity. Second, transformation from relation of clothing composition is expressed by extension, reduction, simplification, and dissolution. In transformation from original tribe's sensitivity, past decorative desire lead to transformation of human body. To give variable change from past to present fashion, external formative will is introduced. Then, extreme expression is made by direct transformation of clothing type. It seems to be accomplished that human body's expression method is continuously changed into extension, exaggeration, reduction, and dissolution from transformation method as described before. Transformation of modem fashion is expression method by creative supervision. Extreme transformation substituted body's each part is based on immanent play and representative satisfaction. Through these transformation, it is judged that variety of creative type is achieved.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This study reviews the general theory on Li-Qi (理-氣) found in Dongmu Lee Jema (東武 李濟馬) and Nosa Gi Jeongjin (蘆沙 奇正鎭)'s works and explores the associations between their philosophical systems. 2. Methods: The main ideas on Predisposition (氣稟論) found in Dongmu's works were explored in connection with the Li-Qi (理-氣) theory and compared with the perspectives suggested by Nosa. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Nosa criticized the "weakened supervision of Li (理)" and the "separation of Li (理) and Qi (氣)", proposing that this problem can be overcome through "mutual embracement of Li and its manifestations (理分圓融 理分相涵)". 2) When Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論) is interpreted in terms of Li-Qi (理-氣), the Seong-Li (laws governing the organ scheme) (性理(臟理)) represents the Li (理) while the formational variations in organ scheme(臟局短長) and and the level of self-cultivation (心地淸濁) represents the Qi (氣). 3) The concept of "Diversification of Li (理之異)", bearing similarities to Nosa's Li-Qi (理-氣) theory, was introduced for the first time in Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論), which presumably built the fundamental theories in the Sasang Constitutional Typology. 4) Within Dongmu's theory of Predisposition (氣稟論) can be found a dichotomous division of "similitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the ontological plane and "dissimilitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the axiological plane; this dichotomy is more extensive and developed compared to Nosa's attempt to find a consistent logic in both the ontological and axiological plane through a Li-Qi (理-氣) structure with Li-predominance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS). Methods: The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors. Results: Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision. Conclusions: These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.2
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• pp.227-258
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• 1999

In a broad sense, ‘After-care SYSTEM’ for discharged prisoners mean legal actions of prisoners who have been released from lawful detention In its narrow sense, mean preventive protection and observation activities under regular guidance and supervision against those released from penal facilities after a certain period of detention Therefore, they should not be viewed as objects of mere concern or social work programs but preventive protection should he provided to them as part of national criminal policy After-care system is in the following two ways, The one is based on individual prisoner's request and consent, which is called 'Voluntary After-care system', The other is the one which is not based in personal request or consent but is based on obligation, which is named 'Compulsory After-care system In Korea, however no Compulsory After-care system is in practice Voluntary After-care system is to be carried out 6 method in the following by existing Probation, Parole Law. (1) offer of board and lodging (2) allowance of Traveling expense (3) allowance of occupation instrument or lending rehabilitation fund (4) training of occupation and vocational guidance (5) self-reliance support for After-care probationer (6) guidance of good deed And then to establish the society without offenders is the ideal of human beings, but criminal acts don't fade away, so in the field of the science of criminology, the importance of correctional system has become greater. The correctional idea has moved from severe punishment to educational rehabilitation for the goal of protecting both offender and security from the threat of crime in to day Some it is required that Compulsory After-care system is most important system in effective measures, and that existing Probation, Parole Law in Korea is renewed into Compulsory After-care system in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the education program developed to raise the potential of entrepreneurial capabilities of senior citizens under the supervision of SMBA and investigate the effects of educational contents and environment on program satisfaction and entrepreneurial intention. The sample of this study was composed of 44 trainees who participated in the education program implemented by H University. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed employing paired-sample t-test and path analysis techniques. The study found that the program was effective in strengthening the potential of entrepreneurial capabilities of senior citizens and that educational content and environment had positive effects on program satisfaction, which in turn, positively impacted on entrepreneurial intention. The practical implications of the findings were discussed and the future directions for research were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

This study is related with support system plans of public-private convergence for emergency recovery services to fire victims. The current issues are analysed from the condition and problem analysis results of emergency recovery activities for fire victims. And building plans of an integrated support system based on the government and private sector cooperation are proposed. Overall, the system shows that the government is responsible for the functionality of management and supervision for the system operation, and the private is responsible for the functionality of specialized agencies for practical emergency recovery. Consequently, support system plans include with infrastructure maintenance of laws and regulations, contracting-out of the support system, stable supply of operating budget and function strengthening of public-private convergence for emergency recovery. Especially, plan for stable supply of operating budget in detail including with establishment of the fund and self-financing composition of private corporations for emergency recovery services is proposed. The results of this study will lead strengthening of fire safety welfare and social safety nets at future.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

Background: The number and curriculum of dental hygienists in Korea have dramatically increased. Controversies have since resulted from insufficient job descriptions of the work performed by a dental hygienist. A dentist's perception was examined to legally reflect the actual work of dental hygienists. Methods: Four hundred and nineteen dentists were surveyed about the duties of a dental hygienist. Their views on the career and availability of each job were examined. The duties of the dental hygienist include 13 items in dental treatment preparation, 14 items of radiography, 21 items of preventive dentistry, 6 items of periodontal treatment, 12 items of oral medicine, 12 items of conservative dentistry, 8 items of prosthetics, 10 items of orthodontics, 7 items of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 6 items of implantation, 6 items of impression taking and model fabrication, 5 items of anesthesia and injection, 11 items of management and administrative, and 3 items of self-development. Results: Most of the duties were doable by a dental hygienist. Many dentists reported that managing implants, oral hygiene of special patients, some duties in oral medicine, teeth brightening, making temporary crowns, making individual trays, selecting shades, ligaturing, and precision impressions need ≥3 years of experience. Duties perceived by dentists not to be performed by dental hygienists were reading radiographs (55.4%), suture and stitch out (48.0%), intramuscular injection (36.0%), root planning (27.2%), cementation and removal of prostheses (23.2%), and examining pulp vitality (22.0%). Conclusion: Current laws are to be revised to include, the care provided by dental hygienists and under a physician's supervision. Flexibility is also needed to cope with rapidly changing dental technology.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 1999

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between various job-related factors and the intent to turnover of employees working at different types of hospitals/clinics in urban and rural areas. The data was compiled from 1,506 employees in 21 hospitals and 10 clinics located in Kyung-gi Do. Korea, using a self-administered questionnaire. Major findings are as follows: 1) The intent to turnover was higher for the employees of small hospitals located in rural areas. It was also higher when the employees were less than 30 in age, female, single, had not received college education, and had worked for 2-5 years in their hospitals. 2) An important factor affecting the intent to turnover was job satisfaction, which in turn had a strong correlation with the job itself(opportunity of utilizing abilities and skills, subjective value attached to the current job, sense of accomplishment) and had a rather weak correlation with salary, supervision, promotion and co-worker relationship. 3) In the analysis by job category, it was found that, besides job satisfaction, the intent to turnover was significantly affected by the job itself in case of administrative personnel and by the level of salary in case of nurses. 4) For a successful management of turnover, hospitals need to develop (a) programs for improving adaptive abilities of 'new' employees(who have worked for less than 2 years), and (b) for the other employees(who have worked for more than 2 years), strategies for enhancing job satisfaction by providing the environment where they can show their maximum abilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2015

In this research, we conducted meta analysis of the cases of "burnout" of social workers from the 1990s to 2013. The result of analysis shows that the factors that cause burnout of social workers include work experience, compensation from work environment, supervision, promotion, work freedom-related factors and client-related factors such as the seriousness of client problems, the appropriateness of client counts, and all factors excluding client-related factors showed signficaint correlatoins. Moreover, the higher the age and the length of work experience, the lower the sense of self-wroth and emotional intelligence; the higher the social support, the lower the possibility of burn out. The research results suggest need for programs to prevent burn out of social service providers both in environment internal and external to organizatoins.