• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Phenanthrene uptake by surfactant sorbed on activated carbon was investigated to recycle of surfactant in washed solution for contaminated soil. The partitioning of phenanthrene to the activated carbon coating with Triton X-100 as a surfactant was also evaluated by a mathematical model. Phenanthrene-contaminated soil (200 mg/kg) was washed in 10 g/L of surfactant solution. Washed phenanthrene in solution was separated by various particle loadings of granular activated carbon through a mode of selective adsorption. Removal of phenanthrene was 99.3%, and surfactant recovery was 88.9% by 2.5 g/L of granular activated carbon, respectively. Phenanthrene uptake by activated carbon was greater than that of phenanthrene calculated by a standard model for a system with one partitioning component. This is accounted for enhanced surface solubilization by hemi-micelles adsorbed onto granular activated carbon. The effectiveness factor is greater than 1 and molar ratio of solubilization to sorbed surfactant is higher than that of liquid surfactant. Results suggest that separation of contaminants and surfactants by activated carbon through washing process in soil is much effective than that of calculated in a theoretical model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2006

Amino acids are required for protein synthesis and energy sources in all living cells. The amino acid transport system L is a major nutrient transport system that is responsible for $Na^+$-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. In malignant tumors, the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), the first isoform of system L, is highly expressed to support tumor cell growth. In the present study, the expression and functional characterization of amino acid transport system L were, therefore, investigated in Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells. RT-PCR and western blot analyses have revealed that the Saos2 cells expressed the LAT1 and the L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2), the second isoform of system L, together with their associating protein heavy chain of 4F2 antigen (4F2hc) in the plasma membrane, but the expression of LAT2 was very weak. The uptakes of [${14}^C$]L-leucine by Saos2 cells were $Na^+$-independent and were completely inhibited by the system L selective inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). The affinity of [${14}^C$]L-leucine uptake and the inhibition profiles of [${14}^C$]L-leucine uptake by various amino acids in the Saos2 cells were comparable with those for the LAT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The majority of [${14}^C$]L-leucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the Saos2 cells. These results suggest that the transports of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are for the most part mediated by LAT1. Therefore, the Saos2 human osteogenic sarcoma cells are excellent tools for examine the properties of LAT1. Moreover, the specific inhibition of LAT1 in tumor cells might be a new rationale for anti-tumor therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 1988

The author examined the effects of lidocaine on the veratrine-or potassium-induced release of neurotransmitters to determine the possible role of amino acid neurotransmitters in lidocaine-induced convulsion. The examined transmitters were gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartic acid, glutamic acid and norepinephrine which are released from the synaptosomes. Furthermore, the effects of lidocaine on the binding to receptors and synaptosomal uptake of the two transmitters, GABA and glutamic acid, were determined in crude synaptic membranes and synaptosomes. In addition, the effects of propranolol, norepinephrine and serotonin on the release of amino acid neurotransmitters were also examined. The veratrine-induced release of GABA was most severely inhibited by lidocaine and propranolol, while norepinephrine and serotonin reduced the release of aspartic acid and glutamic acid more than the GABA release. Generally the potassium-induced release was much more resistant to the lidocaine action than the veratrine-induced release. Among the neurotransmitters examined, the aspartic acid release was most prone to the lidocaine action, while the GABA release was most resistant. Concentrations of lidocaine below 1 mM did not significantly change the GABA and glutamic acid receptor binding and uptake. These results indicate that the blocking of sodium channels by lidocaine can result in the selective depression of the GABA release. This may result in unlimited excitation of the central nervous system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.620-625
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• 2000

The mechanisms of liver injury from cold storage and reperfusion are not completely under-stood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the inactivation of Kupffer cells (KCs) by gadolinium chloride ($GdCl_3$) modulates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver. Hepatic function was assessed using an isolated perfused rat liver model. In livers subjected to cold storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in University of Wisconsin solution for 24 hrs and to 20 min rewarm-ing ischemia, oxygen uptake was markedly decreased, Kupffer cell phagocytosis was stimulated, releases of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased as compared with control livers. Pretreatment of rats with $GdCl_3$) , a selective KC toxicant, suppressed kupffer cell activity, and reduced the grade of hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. While the initial mixed function oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin was not different from that found in the control livers, the subsequent conjugation of its meta-bolite to sulfate and glucuronide esters was suppressed by ischemia-reperfusion, CdCl$_3$restored sulfation and glucuronidation capacities to the level of the control liver. Our findings suggest that Kupffer cells could play an important role in cold/warm ischemia-reperfusion hepatic injury.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2001

We have synthesized a novel platinum(II) coordination complex containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP) as a leaving group. A new series of [Pt(cis- DACH)(DCP)](PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. The new platinum complex has demonstrated high efficacy in the cytotoxicity against MKN-45/P, MKN-45/ADM and MKN-45/CDDP cell-lines. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues, determined by MTT assay, the $[^3H]-thymidine$ uptake and glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum(II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new, clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.1 s.88
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• pp.96-101
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• 2006

Chlorination inhibition on the organic removal activity of activated sludge microorganism was investigated in this study. It is well known that chlorination improves the settleability of filamentous bulking sludge through the selective impediment of filamentous microorganisms. However, it is based on the declination of effluent water quality after actual chlorination in dairy wastewater treatment plant. In case of the activated sludge which was exposed in the suggested concentration of chlorine $7.5\;mgCl_2/gVSS/day$ for the filamentous bulking control, decrease of organic uptake rate of $4.9\~24.0\%$, and dentrification rate of $24.8\~30.3\%$ ware shown in comparison to the control group which was not reacted with chlorine. As a result of comparing floc size of activated sludge microorganism, the average of floc diameter in the chlorine exposed group was $150\;{\mu}m$, which displays $25\%$ decrease compared with the control group.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

Madhuca indica has been used ethnomedically in Indian folks. In the present study we have investigated anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and hypoglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract (EE) and crude alkaloid extract of Madhuca indica seed cake on albino rats. The study showed that the EE had a significant, dose dependent anti-edematogenic, anti-ulcerogenic and hypoglycaemic activity, whereas the crude alkaloid extract exhibited a significant only. Both the extracts possess dose dependent inhibitory activity on carrageenan-induced edema, inhibiting prostaglandins or mediators involved in prostaglandin synthesis, the second phase of inflammation. The EE was significantly effective in protecting pylorus-ligation-induced gastric ulcers at a higher dose level. The active principle of EE seems to be a selective inhibitor of the COX II (prostaglandin synthesis) without important effect on COX I since, EE exhibited both anti-edematogenic and anti-ulcerogenic effect. The EE was effective in reducing the plasma glucose level in normal albino rats in a dose dependent manner, producing hypoglycaemic effect by stimulating the release of insulin from the ${\beta}-cells$ and/or increasing the uptake of glucose from the plasma.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ (PPAR${\gamma}$) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is used as a target for anti-diabetic drug development. In a search for novel PPAR${\gamma}$ agonists, the $\beta$-carboxyethyl-rhodanine derivative SP1818 was identified. We report here the characteristics of SP1818 as a selective PPAR${\gamma}$ agonist. In transactivation assays, SP1818 selectively activated PPAR${\gamma}$, but the degree of PPAR${\gamma}$ stimulation was less than with $1{\mu}M$ rosiglitazone. SP1818 also stimulated glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The adipocyte differentiation markers adiponectin, scavenger receptor CD36 and aP2 were weakly induced by treatment with SP1818, and TRAP220 subunit was specifically recruited into PPAR${\gamma}$ activated by rosiglitazone but not PPAR${\gamma}$ activated by SP1818.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-321
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• 2019

Recent studies showed that tight junctions (TJs) integrity and assembly are required for blastocyst development in mouse and pig models. However, the biological functions of TJs associated with embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy were not investigated yet. To examine whether disrupted TJs affect further embryo development, we employed RNAi approach and inhibitor treatment. The embryos were injected with Cxadr (Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) siRNA for knock down (KD) and treated with Adam10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase specific inhibitor 10; GI254023X; SI). We compared blastocyst development and paracellular sealing assay using FITC dextran uptake between control and KD or SI embryos. Finally, we transferred control and Cxadr KD or Adam 10 SI treated blastocyst to uteri of recipients. Cxadr KD and Adam 10 SI showed lower blastocyst development and more permeable to FITC-dextran. Moreover, we observed that half of KD and inhibited embryos failed to maintain pregnancies after the second trimester. Our findings suggested that TJs integrity is required for the maintenance of pregnancy and can be used as a selective marker for the successful application of assisted reproduction technologies.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.3_4
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• pp.87-94
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• 1998

The use of cisplatin is limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-base drug discovery is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and improving antitumor activity. We synthesized new Pt (II) complex analogue [Pt (cis-DACH)(DPPP)]. 2NO$_3$ (PC) containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as a carrier ligand and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improved the solubility. In this study, its structure was determined and its antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma, and in vitro cytotoxicity was determined against primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubular and renal cortical cells of human kidney using colorimetric MTT assay. PC demonstrated acceptable antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and NIH-OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma and significant activity as compared with that of cisplatin. The toxicity of PC was found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and $^3$H-thymidine uptake tests in rabbit proximal tubular cells and human kidney cortical cells. PC was used for human cortical tissue in 7 weeks hitoculture by the glucose-consumption tests. We determined that the new platinum drug has lower nephrotoxicity than cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC) represent a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.