• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 오래된 원자력발전소의 내진검증과 관련한 USI A-46 문제의 해결에 사용될 수 있는 캐비닛의 내진보강방안에 대해 연구하였다. 캐비닛 구조물의 동적거동특성을 파악하기 위하여 3종류의 모델링을 수행하였고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 ICRS(In Cabinet Reponse Spectrum)의 저감을 위하여 1) 보강프레임, 2)감쇠기 설치, 3) 동조질량감쇠기 등 세 가지 내진보강방안에 대하여 구조물의 응답을 산정하였다. 해석결과, 가새보강 및 감쇠기를 설치하는 보강방법에서는 보강전의 구조물보다 큰 ICRS가 얻어지는 경우가 발생해 보강시 많은 주의가 요구된다. 동조질량감쇠기의 사용은 좋은 제진효과를 보였으나 실구조물과 정확한 진동특성을 반영한 모델의 작성이 중요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2021

The carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is one of the main reasons for the corrosion of bridges, buildings, tunnels, and other reinforced concrete (RC) structures in most industrialized countries. With the growing use of fossil fuels in the world since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide in urban and industrial areas of the world has grown significantly, which increases the chance of corrosion caused by carbonation. The process of corrosion leads to a change in mechanical properties of rebars and concrete, and consequently, detrimentally impacting load-bearing capacity and seismic behavior of RC structures. Neglecting this phenomenon can trigger misleading results in the form of underestimating the seismic performance metrics. Therefore, studying the carbonation corrosion influence on the seismic behavior of RC structures in urban and industrial areas is of great significance. In this study, a 2D modern RC moment frame is developed to study and assess the effect of carbonation corrosion, in 5-year intervals, for a 50 years lifetime under two different environmental conditions. This is achieved using the nonlinear static and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) to evaluate the reinforcement corrosion effects. The reduction in the seismic capacity and performance of the reinforced concrete frame, as well as the collapse probability over the lifetime for different corrosion scenarios, is examined through the capacity curves obtained from nonlinear static analysis and the fragility curves obtained from IDA.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

인공신경망(ANN) 지진응답 예측모델 구성을 위해 다양한 지진파 및 지반 조건 하에서 구조물의 최대변위 및 최대 전단력 데이터베이스 구축이 필요하다. 하지만 3차원 컴퓨터 해석을 활용한 데이터베이스 구축은 많은 시간 및 인력, 비용을 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 지반의 포아송비와 전단파 속도에 대하여 건물의 지진응답을 예측할 수 있는 ANN 모델 개발 프레임워크를 소개하였다. 데이터베이스 구축에는 지반-상부 구조물 효과를 고려할 수 있는 간단한 단자유도 모델을 이용하였고 개발된 ANN 모델의 정확도를 결정계수(R²)를 통하여 논의하였다. 또한 구축된 데이터베이스의 백분위 90~100에서 ANN 모델을 구성하고 결정계수를 통해 각 백분위에서 ANN 모델의 정확도에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.963-978
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• 2020

Earthquakes can induce a large number of landslides and cause very serious property damage and human casualties. There are two issues in study on earthquake-induced landslides: (1) slope stability analysis under seismic loading and (2) debris flow run-out analysis. This study aims to review technical studies related to the development and application of earthquake-induced landslide models (seismic slope stability analysis). Moreover, a pilot application of a physics-based slope stability model to Mt. Umyeon, in Seoul, with several earthquake scenarios was conducted to test regional scale seismic landslide mapping. The earthquake-induced landslide simulation model can be categorized into 1) Pseudo-static model, 2) Newmark's dynamic displacement model and 3) stress-strain model. The Pseudo-static model is preferred for producing seismic landslide hazard maps because it is impossible to verify the dynamic model-based simulation results due to lack of earthquake-induced landslide inventory in Korea. Earthquake scenario-based simulation results show that given dry conditions, unstable slopes begin to occur in parts of upper areas due to the 50-year earthquake magnitude; most of the study area becomes unstable when the earthquake frequency is 200 years. On the other hand, when the soil is in a wet state due to heavy rainfall, many areas are unstable even if no earthquake occurs, and when rainfall and 50-year earthquakes occur simultaneously, most areas appear unstable, as in simulation results based on 100-year earthquakes in dry condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2019

In this paper a novel and efficient computational framework to estimate the stress range versus number of cycles curves experienced by a cable due to external excitations (e.g., seismic excitations, traffic and wind-induced vibrations, among others) is proposed. This study is limited to the wind-cable interaction governed by the Vortex Shedding mechanism which mainly rules cables vibrations at low amplitudes that may lead to their failure due to bending fatigue damage. The algorithm relies on a stochastic approach to account for the uncertainties in the cable properties, initial conditions, damping, and wind excitation which are the variables that govern the wind-induced vibration phenomena in cables. These uncertainties are propagated adopting Monte Carlo simulations and the concept of importance sampling, which is used to reduce significantly the computational costs when new scenarios with different probabilistic models for the uncertainties are evaluated. A high fidelity cable model is also proposed, capturing the effect of its internal wires distribution and helix angles on the cables stress. Simulation results on a 15 mm diameter high-strength steel strand reveal that not accounting for the initial conditions uncertainties or using a coarse wind speed discretization lead to an underestimation of the stress range experienced by the cable. In addition, parametric studies illustrate the computational efficiency of the algorithm at estimating new scenarios with new probabilistic models, running 3000 times faster than the base case.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2023

Existing reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings have seismic vulnerabilities because of seismically deficient details. In particular, since cumulative damage caused by successive earthquakes causes serious damage, repair/retrofit rehabilitation studies for successive earthquakes are needed. This study investigates the repair effect of fiber-reinforced polymer jacketing system for the seismically-vulnerable building structures under successive earthquakes. The repair modeling method developed and validated from the previous study was implemented to the building models. Additionally, the main parameters of the FRP jacketing system were selected as the number of FRP layers associated with the confinement effects and the installation location. To define the repair effects of the FRP jacketing system with the main parameters, this study conducted nonlinear time-history analyses for the building structural models with the various repairing scenarios. Based on this investigation, the repair effects of the damaged building structures were significantly affected by the damage levels induced from the mainshocks regardless of the retrofit scenarios.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.391-405
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• 2020

The use of passive energy dissipation devices has been widely used in the construction industry to minimize the probability of damage occurred under intense ground motion. In this study, collapse margin ratio (CMR) and fragility curves are the main parameters in the assessment to characterize the collapse safety of the structures. The assessment is done on three types of RC frame structures, incorporating three types of dampers, viscoelastic, friction, and BRB dampers. The Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed by simulating an array of 20 strong ground motion (SGM) records considering both far-field and near-field seismic scenarios that were followed by fragility curves. With respect to far-field ground motion records, the CMR values of the selected frames indicate to be higher and reachable to safety margin more than those under near-field ground motion records that introduce a high devastating impact on the structures compared to far-field excitations. This implies that the near field impact affects the ground movements at the site by attenuation the direction and causing high-frequency filtration. Besides that, the results show that the viscoelastic damper gives better performance for the structures in terms of reducing the damages compared to the other energy dissipation devices during earthquakes.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2024

This study investigated the impact of soil-structure interaction on multi-degree-of-freedom structures using the shallow-foundation Winkler model, known as the BNWF model. The model's period was determined through eigenvalue analysis and compared to results obtained from FEMA's formula. Results indicated that considering the soil, the structure's period increased by up to 8.7% compared to the fixed-base model, aligning with FEMA's calculations. Furthermore, with adequate ground acceleration, roof displacement increased by 3.4% to 3.8%, while base shear decreased by 4% to 10%. However, roof displacement and base shear increased in some earthquake scenarios due to spectral shape effects in regions with extended structural periods. Foundation damping effects, determined through the foundation's moment-rotation history, grew with higher ground acceleration. This suggests that accounting for period elongation and foundation damping can enhance the seismic design of multi-degree-of-freedom structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2022

The importance of seismicity in developing countries and the strengthening of buildings is a topic of major importance. Therefore, the study of several solutions with the development of new technologies is of great importance to investigate the damage on retrofitted structures by using probabilistic methods. The Federal Emergency Management Agency considers three types of performance levels by considering different scenarios, intensity and duration. The selection and scaling of ground motions mainly depends on the aim of the study. Intensity-based assessments are the most common and compute the response of buildings for a specified seismic intensity. Assessments based on scenarios estimate the response of buildings to different earthquake scenarios. A risk-based assessment is considered as one of the most effective. This research represents a practical method for developing countries where exists many active faults, tall buildings and lack of good implementable approaches. Therefore, to achieve the main goal, two high-rise steel buildings have been modeled and assessed. The contribution of buckling-restrained braces in the elastic design of both buildings is firstly verified. In the nonlinear static range, both buildings presented repairable damage at the central top part and some life safety hinges at the bottom. The nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis was applied by 15 representative/scaled accelerograms to obtain levels of performance and fragility curves. The results shown that by using probabilistic methods, it is possible to estimate the probability of collapse of retrofitted buildings by buckling-restrained braces and tuned mass dampers, which are practical retrofitting options to protect existing structures against earthquakes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2019

비탈면 붕괴는 크게 내적요인과 외적요인으로 분류할 수 있다. 내적요인은 토층 깊이, 사면경사, 흙의 전단강도 등의 기존에 비탈면의 형성과 함께 내재 되어있는 공학적 요인이며, 외적요인은 지진과 같은 하중이다. 이때 최대가속도(PGA), 최대속도(PGV), Arias계수(I), 고유주기(T_p), 스펙트럼 가속도(S_aT=1.0) 등은 지진의 외적요인으로 대변되는 값이다. 특히, 최대지반가속도(peak ground acceleration, PGA)는 지진의 지반 운동 크기를 정의하는 가장 대표적인 값이지만 동일한 최대 지반가속도 값을 가지는 진동이라도 지진의 지속시간에 따라 달라지는 사면에서의 변위를 충분히 고려하지 못하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공사면을 대상으로 2차원 평면변형률 조건의 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 다양한 지진 시나리오의 PGA를 0.2g로 스케일링하여 적용했을 때 비탈면에서 발생하는 응답특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비탈면의 상층부와 하층부의 응답은 활동면 발생 여부에 따라 차이를 보이며, 입력 지진파의 외적요인 보다는 소성변형을 유발시킨 진동 특성의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.