• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2017

To overcome the difficulty of performing multi-point response spectrum analysis for engineering structures under spatially varying ground motions (SVGM) using the general finite element code such as ANSYS, an approach has been developed by improving the modelling of the input ground motions in the spectral analysis. Based on the stochastic vibration analyses, the cross-power spectral density (c-PSD) matrix is adopted to model the stationary SVGM. The design response spectra are converted into the corresponding PSD model with appropriate coherency functions and apparent wave velocities. Then elements of c-PSD matrix are summarized in the row and the PSD matrix is transformed into the response spectra for a general spectral analysis. A long-span high-pier bridge under multiple support excitations is analyzed using the proposed approach considering the incoherence, wave-passage and site-response effects. The proposed approach is deemed to be an efficient numerical method that can be used for seismic analysis of large engineering structures under SVGM.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

The Finite Element (FE) modeling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) under seismic loading has a sensitive impact in terms of getting good contribution compared to experimental results. Several idealized model types for simulating the nonlinear response have been developed based on the plasticity distribution alone the model. The Continuum Models are the most used category of modeling, to understand the seismic behavior of structural elements in terms of their components, cracking patterns, hysteretic response, and failure mechanisms. However, the material modeling, contact and nonlinear analysis strategy are highly complex due to the joint operation of concrete and steel. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a chosen RC column under monotonic and cyclic loading using the FE Abaqus, to assessthe hysteretic response and failure mechanisms in the RC columns, where the perfect bonding option is used for the contact between concrete and steel. While results of the numerical study under cyclic loading compared to experimental tests might be unsuccessful due to the lack of bond-slip modeling. The monotonic loading shows a good estimation of the envelope response and deformation components. In addition, this work further demonstrates the advantage and efficiency of the damage distributions since the obtained damage distributions fit the expected results.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

본 연구는 시간차 탄성파 탐사에 대한 천부지하구조의 영향을 분석하기 위해 반복적인 수치모형실험을 이용하였다. 수치 실험의 목적은 Otway 분지에 있는 Naylor 지역에서 $CO_2$ 격리를 목적으로 수행 된 현장 실험에서 관찰된 주요한 산란파들을 재생성하는 것이다. 특히, 수포화도를 변화시켜 가면서 상부토양과 심부의 주름진 점토/석회암 경계면의 탄성 성질들의 변화를 관찰하였다. 이러한 실험을 통해서 건기 빛 우기 계절에 행해진 측정치를 모사하였고, 계절의 변화가 탄성파 측정에 미치는 영향을 비반복성 관점에서 평가하였다. 이 영향들에 대한 정량화와 각각의 기여도를 측정하기 위해서 탄성파 파동방정식을 이용한 수치모델링이 수행되었다. 수치모델링 결과는 천부의 점토/석회암의 주름진 경계면에서의 상대적으로 간단한 분산 효과등이 시간차 탐사에 대한 상당한 영향을 미침을 보여주었다. 또한, 상부 토양에서의 포화도의 변화는 심지어 심부의 주름진 경계면보다도 더 탄성파 신호에 잠재적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 현장에서 측정된 반복된 (시간차) 2차원 탄성파탐사 자료들 사이의 정규화원 RMS(Root-mean-square) 차이와 수치적으로 계산된 차이와의 전체적인 일치는 더 많은 연구가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 향후 진행될 연구는 micro VSP 배영과 매우 조밀한 굴절법 탐사를 이용해서 풍화 지역의 탄성 성질을 현장에서 측정하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 중풍이냐 호주와 같이 카르스트 지형으로 생산에 어려움이 따르는 지역의 석유 생산 영상화와 같은 $CO_2$ 지중격리와 상관이 없는 분야에도 효과가 있을 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 비상디젤발전기의 구조물 및 내부 회전체에 대한 건전성 평가를 위한 해석적 방법을 제시한다. 비상발전기는 원자력발전소 안전과 관련된 매우 중요한 기기로써 지진과 같은 비상사태에 원전의 안전 정지를 위한 관련 기기에 비상 전원을 공급한다. 비상발전기의 회전기 부분 또한 지진과 같은 충격에도 안전성을 확보해야 한다. 비상발전기 본체에 대한 모달 해석을 하여 공진 주파수가 지진 주파수 영역에 있는지를 확인하여 응력 해석의 방법을 정했다. 회전체 부분의 안전성은 저널 베어링의 필름 두께와 임계 회전수를 계산하여 최소 유막 요구치와 운전속도와 비교하여 안전성을 판단하였다. 계산된 응력해석의 최대치는 허용치보다 작았으며, 저널 베어링의 유막과 회전수 또한 안전한 범위에 들었다. 이 논문에서는 저널 베어링의 안전해석에 지진하중을 정적 하중으로 보았으나 향후 연구에 있어서는 지진하중의 동적 특성을 회전체에 적응하는 새로운 해석적 방법의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2019

Concrete pipelines are the most efficient and safe means for gas and oil transportation over a long distance. The use of nano materials and nono-engineering can be considered for enhancing concrete pipelines properties. the tests show that SiO2 nanoparticles can improve the mechanical behavior of concrete. Moreover, severe hazard for pipelines is seismic ground motion. Over the years, scientists have attempted to understand pipe behavior against earthquake most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic response of underwater nanocomposite submerged pipeline conveying fluid is studied. The structure is subjected to the dynamic loads caused by earthquake and the governing equations of the system are derived using mathematical model via Classic shell theory and Hamilton's principle. Navier-Stokes equation is employed to calculate the force due to the fluid in the pipe. As well, the effect of external fluid is modeled with an external force. Mori-Tanaka approach is used to estimate the equivalent material properties of the nanocomposite. 1978 Tabas earthquake in Iran is considered for modelling seismic load. The dynamic displacement of the structure is extracted using differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newmark method. The effects of different parameters such as SiO2 nanoparticles volume percent, boundary conditions, thickness to radius ratios, length to radius ratios, internal and external fluid pressure and earthquake intensity are discussed on the seismic response of the structure. From results obtained in this paper, it can be found that the dynamic response of the pipe is increased in the presence of internal and external fluid. Furthermore, the use of SiO2 nanoparticles in concrete pipeline reduces the displacement of the structure during an earthquake.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2022

An accurate analysis of structures supported on soft soils and subjected to seismic loading requires the consideration of the soil-foundation-structure interaction. An important aspect of this interaction lies with the energy dissipation due to soil material damping. Unlike advanced constitutive models that can induce energy loss, the use of simple elastoplastic constitutive models requires additional damping. The frequency dependent Rayleigh damping is a formulation that is frequently used in dynamic analysis. The main concern of this formulation is the correct selection of the target damping ratio and the frequency range where the response is frequency independent. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Rayleigh damping parameters in soil-pile-structure and soil-inclusion-platform-structure systems in the presence of soft soil under seismic loading. Three-dimensional analyses of both systems are carried out using the finite difference software Flac3D. Different values of target damping ratios and minimum frequencies are utilized. Several earthquakes are used to study the influence of different excitation frequencies in the systems. The soil response in terms of accelerations, displacements and strains is obtained. For the rigid elements, the results are presented in terms of bending moments and normal forces. The results show that when the frequency of the input motion is close to the minimum (central) frequency in the Rayleigh damping formulation, the overdamping amount is reduced, and the surface spectral acceleration of the analyzed pile and inclusion systems increases. Thus, the bending moments and normal forces throughout the piles and inclusions also increase.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.627-650
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• 2013

This paper deals with application of a non-linear continuum model for reinforced concrete affected by alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) to analysis of some nuclear structures. The macroscopic behaviour of the material affected by AAR is described by incorporating a homogenization/averaging procedure. The formulation addresses the main stages of the deformation process, i.e., a homogeneous deformation mode as well as that involving localized deformation, associated with formation of macrocracks. The formulation is applied to examine the mechanical behaviour of some reinforced concrete structures in nuclear power facilities located in Quebec (Canada). First, a containment structure is analyzed subjected to 45 years of continuing AAR. Later, an inelastic analysis is carried out for the spent fuel pool taking into account the interaction with the adjacent jointed rock mass foundation. In the latter case, the structure is said to be subjected to continuing AAR that is followed by a seismic event.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

Performance evaluation of RC frame building by nonlinear static pushover analysis that accounts for elastic and post elastic behavior is becoming very popular as a valid decision making tool in seismic hazard resistant designs. Available literature suggests great amount of interest has shown by researchers in suggesting refinements to geometric and material modelling to bridge the gap between analytical predictions and observed performances. Notwithstanding the attempts gaps still exists. Sequence of plastic hinge formation which has great influence on pushover analysis results is an area less investigated. This paper attempts to highlight the importance of hinge sequence considerations to make analysis results more meaningful. Variation in analysis results due to different hinge sequences have been quantified, compared and bounds on analysis results have been presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-52
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• 2008

The paper investigates the seismic performance of a Partially-Restrained (PR) steel-concrete composite frame using the probabilistic approach. The analysed frame was tested at the ELSA laboratory of the Joint Research Centre of Ispra (Italy), while the representative beam-to-column composite connections were tested at the Universities of Pisa, Milan and Trento (Italy). The component modelling of both interior and exterior composite joints is described first, including the experimental-numerical validation. The Latin Hypercube method has been used to draw the probabilistic distribution curves of joints, and then the whole PR composite frame has been analysed. Pushover and incremental dynamic analyses have been carried out using the non-linear FE code SAP2000 version 9.1. The fragility and performance curves of the PR composite frame have been determined for four damage limit states.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

Experimental work undertaken to investigate the behaviour of lead-rubber bearings under compression and a combination of compression and shear or rotation has been reported on elsewhere. However, it is difficult to determine the state of stress within the bearings in terms of the applied forces and the interaction between the lead plug and the steel shims and elastomeric layers. In order to supply some of the missing information about the stress-strain state within the bearings, an analytical study using the finite element method was carried out. The available experimental results were used to validate the model and although agreement was not as good as expected (on account of difficulties in modelling the lead plug), the analyses did provide some information about the state of the stress within the bearing.