• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2007

건축 구조물의 내진설계규정은 1988년에 만들어졌으며, 설계된 지 20년이 지난 많은 구조물들이 내진 성능을 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 벽식 구조 공동주택들의 경우 내진설계가 수행되지 않았으며 장변 방향으로는 지진하중을 저항하는 벽들이 배치되지 않아 지진의 위험에 노출되어 있다. 최근에는 기존 구조물에 대해서 내진 성능을 평가하고 부족한 구조물에 대한 보강 방안을 개발하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 이것은 기존 구조물에 대하여 구조 해석과 설계 과정이 선행되어야 하므로 많은 시간과 노력이 소비되고 있다. 따라서 보다 간단한 방법으로 내진 성능을 평가하는 방법이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 KBC-code에 의해 내진설계가 수행된 3개의 모델 구조물과 내진 설계가 수행되지 않은 4개의 모델 구조물에 대하여 한국시설안전기술공단에서 제시한 기존 구조물의 내진 성능 평가 방안에 의한 내진 성능평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과를 MIDAS프로그램을 이용한 CSM법에 의한 내진 성능 평가 결과와 비교하여 개략적인 평가 결과의 적정성을 비교 분석하였다. 평가 결과 기존에 사용되어진 평가 방법은 전단응력 평가와 층간 변위 평가에서 저평가되는 경향이 있었으며, 이는 판정을 왜곡시키는 결과를 가져오게 되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 평가 방법의 수정안을 제시하여 그 적용성을 분석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.791-808
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• 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to develop seismic fragility curves for existing reinforced concrete, RC, buildings based on the post earthquake field survey and the seismic performance using capacity design. Existing RC buildings constitute approximately 65% of the total stock in Algiers. This type of buildings, RC, was widely used in the past and chosen as the structural type for the future construction program of more than 2 millions apartments all over Algeria. These buildings, suffered moderate to extensive damage after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake, on May 21st. The determination of analytical seismic fragility curves for low-rise and mid-rise existing RC buildings was carried out based on the consistent and complete post earthquake survey after that event. The information on the damaged existing RC buildings was investigated and evaluated by experts. Thirty four (34) communes (districts) of fifty seven (57), the most populated and affected by earthquake damage were considered in this study. Utilizing the field observed damage data and the Japanese Seismic Index Methodology, based on the capacity design method. Seismic fragility curves were developed for those buildings with a large number data in order to get a statistically significant sample size. According to the construction period and the code design, four types of existing RC buildings were considered. Buildings designed with pre-code (very poor structural behavior before 1955), Buildings designed with low code (poor structural behavior, between 1955-1981), buildings designed with medium code (moderate structural behavior, between 1981-1999) and buildings designed with high code (good structural behavior, after 1999).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2020

Masonry infills are normally considered as non-structural elements in design practice, therefore, the interaction between the bounding frame and the strength contribution of masonry infills is commonly ignored in the seismic analysis work of the RC frames. However, a number of typical RC frames with irregular distributed masonry infills have suffered from undesirable weak-story failure in major earthquakes, which indicates that ignoring the influence of masonry infills may cause great seismic collapse risk of RC frames. This paper presented the investigation on the risk of seismic collapse of RC frames with irregularly distributed masonry infills through a large number of nonlinear time history analyses (NTHAs). Based on the results of NTHAs, seismic fragility curves were developed for RC frames with various distribution patterns of masonry infills. It was found that the existence of masonry infills generally reduces the collapse risk of the RC frames under both frequent happened and very strong earthquakes, however, the severe irregular distribution of masonry infills, such as open ground story scenario, results in great risk of forming a weak story failure. The strong-column weak-beam (SCWB) ratio has been widely adopted in major seismic design codes to control the potential of weak story failures, where a SCWB ratio value about 1.2 is generally accepted as the lower limit. In this study, the effect of SCWB ratio on inter-story drift distribution was also parametrically investigated. It showed that improving the SCWB ratio of the RC frames with irregularly distributed masonry infills can reduce inter-story drift concentration index under earthquakes, therefore, prevent weak story failures. To achieve the same drift concentration index limit of the bare RC frame with SCWB ratio of about 1.2, which is specified in ACI318-14, the SCWB ratio of masonry-infilled RC frames should be no less than 1.5. For the open ground story scenario, this value can be as high as 1.8.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권6호
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• pp.793-808
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• 2023

Türkiye is located in a region where destructive earthquakes are frequently experienced due to its geological characteristics and geographical location. Therefore, considering the possibility of a devastating earthquake at any time, determining the reinforced concrete (RC) building seismic safety, constructed before or after the current seismic buildings code, is one of the most important issues to be completed firstly. For this purpose, rapid assessment methods developed to quickly determine the seismic safety of buildings are available in the literature. Comparison of the principles of Principles of the Determination of Risky Structures-2019, Column and Wall Index Method, P25 Scoring Method and Improved Discriminant Analysis Method, which are among these methods, have been aimed within the scope of this study. Within the scope of this paper, a total of 43 buildings in the Yalova/Çınarcık region of Türkiye that the damage level was determined by street observation method immediately after the 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit) Earthquake; 15 buildings with heavy damage and 28 buildings with moderate damage were examined by rapid assessment methods. Although the risk detection difference was not separated as a clear line in any of the methods used, the results obtained from the rapid assessment methods are evaluated as being compatible with the detected after earthquake structural seismic behavior of the buildings. The PDRS-2019 and column and wall index method gave the most approximate results. In the results obtained from the analyzes; structural features such as number of floors, frame continuity, soft/weak story irregularity, effective shear strength area, existence of heavy overhangs in plan, type of structural system have been found to be significantly effective on the earthquake behavior of buildings.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2021

2016년 발생한 국내 계기 계측 사상 최대 규모의 경주지진과 2017년 팔레트구조 건축물의 기둥이 파괴되는 등 국내 최대 지진피해가 발생한 포항지진 이후, 국내 모든 시설물에 대한 내진설계기준이 개정되고 있으며 특히, 포항지진 피해사례 조사 도중 미국, 일본, 뉴질랜드 등 주로 강진지역 국가에서 발생하는 액상화 피해가 발견되어 이에 대한 설계기준의 보완도 심도있게 진행되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 최근 개정된 항만 및 어항시설 내진설계기준에서의 액상화 평가방법을 고찰하고 액상화 평가절차에 새롭게 인용된 액상화 가능성 지수(LPI)를 중심으로 적용성 검토를 수행하였다. 이때, 액상화 발생가능한 모래지반을 다양하게 조성하고 이에 대한 케이스별 LPI 값을 산정 비교하였다. 또한, 실제 22개소 항만의 지반자료를 이용하여 지진시 지반응답해석에 기초한 액상화 평가의 수행과 함께 22개소의 LPI 값들을 비교 검토하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

The seismic behaviors of steel moment connections with different structural characteristics are investigated. The rupture index, which represents the fracture potential, is adopted to study the effect of concrete slab and the relative strength between the coin the beam, and Panel zone on the ductility of connections. The results show that the presence of slab increases the beam strength, imposes constraint near the beam top flange, and consequently, induces concentrated deformation near the beam access hall, which reduces the ductility of the connection. The total deformation capacity of the connection depends not only on the beam but also on the column and panel zone. Therefore, the detrimental slab effects and the relative strength should be considered in the seismic design of the connection.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.665-687
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• 2014

This paper presents a framework for analytical seismic vulnerability assessment of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) structures in developing countries. Amodified capacity-demand diagram method is used to predict the response of RC structures with degrading behaviour. A damage index based on period change is used to quantify the evolution of damage. To demonstrate the framework, a class of substandard RC buildings is examined. Abrupt accumulation of damage is observed due to the brittle failure modes and this is reflected in the developed vulnerability curves, which differ substantially from the curves of ductile structures.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2022

A new type of fabricated subway station construction technology can effectively solve these problems. For a new type of metro structure form, it is necessary to clarify its mechanical properties, especially the seismic performance. A soil-structure elastoplastic finite element model is established to perform three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis based on the first fabricated station structure-Yuanjiadian station of Changchun Metro Line 2, China. Firstly, the nonlinear seismic response characteristics of the fabricated and cast-in-place subway stations under different seismic wave excitations are compared and analyzed. Then, a comprehensive analysis of several important parameters that may affect the seismic response of fabricated subway stations is given. The results show that the maximum plastic strain, the interlayer deformation, and the internal force of fabricated station structures are smaller than that of cast-in-place structure, which indicates that the fabricated station structure has good deformation coordination capability and mechanical properties. The seismic responses of fabricated stations were mainly affected by the soil-structure stiffness ratio, the soil inertia effect, and earthquake load conditions rarely mentioned in cast-in-place stations. The critical parameters have little effect on the interlayer deformation but significantly affect the joints' opening distance and contact stress, which can be used as the evaluation index of the seismic performance of fabricated station structures. The presented results can better understand the seismic responses and guide the seismic design of the fabricated station.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.547-571
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• 2023

To deeply probe the actual earthquake level and fragility of typical reinforced concrete (RC) structures under multiple intensity grades, considering diachronic measurement building stock samples and actual observations of representative catastrophic earth shocks in China from 1990 to 2010, RC structures were divided into traditional RC structures (TRCs) and bottom reinforced concrete frame seismic wall masonry (BFM) structures, and the empirical damage characteristics and mechanisms were analysed. A great deal of statistics and induction were developed on the historical experience investigation data of 59 typical catastrophic earthquakes in 9 provinces of China. The database and fragility matrix prediction model were established with TRCs of 4,122.5284×104 m² and 5,844 buildings and BFMs of 5,872 buildings as empirical seismic damage samples. By employing the methods of structural damage probability and statistics, nonlinear prediction of seismic vulnerability, and numerical and applied functional analysis, the comparison matrix of actual fragility probability prediction of TRC and BFM in multiple intensity regions under the latest version of China's macrointensity standard was established. A novel nonlinear regression prediction model of seismic vulnerability was proposed, and prediction models considering the seismic damage ratio and transcendental probability parameters were constructed. The time-varying vulnerability comparative model of the sample database was developed according to the different periods of multiple earthquakes. The new calculation method of the average fragility prediction index (AFPI) matrix parameter model has been proposed to predict the seismic fragility of an areal RC structure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2017

Seismic risk management has two main technical aspects: to recommend the construction of high-performance buildings and other structures using earthquake-resistant designs or evaluate existing ones, and to prepare emergency plans using realistic seismic scenarios. An overview of seismic risk assessment methodologies in Croatia is provided with details regarding the components of the assessment procedures: hazard, vulnerability and exposure. For Croatia, hazard is presented with two maps and it is expressed in terms of the peak horizontal ground acceleration during an earthquake, with the return period of 95 or 475 years. A standard building typology catalogue for Croatia has not been prepared yet, but a database for the fourth largest city in Croatia is currently in its initial stage. Two methods for earthquake vulnerability assessment are applied and compared. The first is a relatively simple and fast analysis of potential seismic vulnerability proposed by Croatian researchers using damage index (DI) as a numerical value indicating the level of structural damage, while the second is the Macroseismic method.