• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

An elastic bearing must be strong against vertical loads and flexible against horizontal loads. However, due to the material characteristics of rubber, it may show variability due to the manufacturing process and environmental factors. If the value applied in the bridge design stage and the actual measured value have different values or if the performance during operation changes, the performance required in the design stage may not be achieved. In this paper, the seismic response of bridges was compared and analyzed by assuming a case where quality deviation occurs during construction compared to the design value for elastic bearings, which have not only always served as traditional bearings but also have had many applications in recent seismic reinforcement. The bearing's vertical stiffness and shear stiffness deviation were considered separately for the quality deviation. In order to investigate the seismic response, a time history analysis was performed using artificial seismic waves. The results confirmed that the change in the bearing's shear stiffness affects the natural period and response of the structure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2019

Studies on the application of the lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolation system to nuclear power plants are being carried out as one of the measures to improve seismic performance. Nuclear power plants with isolation systems require seismic probabilistic safety assessments, for which the seismic fragility of the structures, systems, and components needs be calculated, including for beyond design basis earthquakes. To this end, seismic response analyses are required, where it can be seen that the behaviors of the isolation system components govern the overall seismic response of an isolated plant. The numerical model of the LRB used in these seismic response analyses plays an important role, but in most cases, the extreme performance of the LRB has not been well studied. The current work therefore develops an extreme nonlinear numerical model that can express the seismic response of the LRB for beyond design basis earthquakes. A full-scale LRB was fabricated and dynamically tested with various input conditions, and test results confirmed that the developed numerical model better represents the behavior of the LRB over previous models. Subsequent seismic response analyses of isolated nuclear power plants using the model developed here are expected to provide more accurate results for seismic probabilistic safety assessments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.645-655
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• 2017

To determine the seismic applicability of a long-span railway concrete upper-deck arch bridge with concrete-filled steel-tube (CFST) rigid skeleton ribs, some fundamental principles and seismic approaches for long-span bridges are investigated to update the design methods in the current Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineering of China. Ductile and mixed isolation design are investigated respectively to compare the structural seismic performances. The flexural moment and plastic rotation demands and capacities are quantified to assess the seismic status of the ductile components. A kind of triple friction pendulum (TFP) system and lead-plug rubber bearing are applied simultaneously to regularize the structural seismic demands. The numerical analysis shows that the current ductile layout with continuous rigid frame approaching spans should be strengthened to satisfy the demands of rare earthquakes. However, the mixed isolation design embodies excellent seismic performances for the continuous girder approaching span of this railway arch bridge.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.575-588
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• 2019

Seismic design method based on bearing capacity has been widely adopted in building codes around the world, however, damage and collapse state of structure under strong earthquake can not be reflected accurately. This paper aims to present a deformation-based seismic design method based on the research of RC component deformation index limit, which combines with the feature of Chinese building codes. In the proposed method, building performance is divided into five levels and components are classified into three types according to their importance. Five specific design approaches, namely, "Elastic Design", "Unyielding Design", "Limit Design", "Minimum Section Design" and "Deformation Assessment", are defined and used in different scenarios to prove whether the seismic performance objectives are attained. For the components which exhibit ductile failure, deformation of components under strong earthquake are obtained quantitatively in order to identify the damage state of the components. For the components which present brittle shear failure, their performance is guaranteed by bearing capacity. As a case study, seismic design of an extremely irregular twin-tower high rise building was carried out according to the proposed method. The results evidenced that the damage and anti-collapse ability of structure were estimated and controlled by both deformation and bearing capacity.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.346-353
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• 2002

The risk of bearing failure is evaluated through the seismic response analysis of a bridge considering the probabilistic characteristics of structural properties such as the mass of superstructure, the stiffness of pier, and the translational and rotational stiffness of the foundation as well as seismic loadings during the bridge service lift. The effect of pounding between adjacent vibration units on the risk of bearing failure is also investigated. The probabilistic characteristics of structural properties are obtained by the Monte Carlo simulations based on the probabilistic characteristics of basic random variables included in the structural properties. From the simulation results, the failure probability of fixed bearings attached on the abutment is found to be much higher than those placed on the piers. It is also found that the pounding effect significantly increases the failure probability of bearings. In the simply supported bridges, the risk of bearing failure increases as the number of bridge spans increase. Therefore, the failure probability of fixed bearing due to the effects of pounding phenomena and the number of bridge spans should be considered in the seismic desist of bearings.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

Generally the non-bearing walls in apartment buildings in Korea are not considered as a lateral force resisting members for the design consideration. This engineering practice caused large crack damages and brittle fractures of the non-bearing walls when subjected to Pohang earthquakes in 2017 since those have not been designed for seismic loading. In this study, finite element analysis was conducted for slot type non-bearing wall connection system to reduce damages and concentrate damages to the designated damping device through separation from the structural wall members. Steel plate and dowel bar systems designed for the dissipation of seismic energies were modeled and analyzed to investigate the damage reductions. Finally, the test result and the analysis result were compared and verified.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.657-671
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• 2015

The level of ductility is determined by depending on the intended use of the building, the region's seismic characteristics and the type of structural system when buildings are planned by engineers. Major portion of seismic energy is intended to be consumed in the plastic zone in structural systems of high ductility, so the occurrence of damages in load bearing and non-load bearing structural elements is accepted in planning stage under severe earthquakes. However, these damages must be limited among specific values in order not to endanger buildings in terms of the bearing capacity. Isolators placed between the basement and upper structure make buildings behave elastically by reducing the effects of seismic loads and improving seismic performance of building significantly. Thus, damages can be limited among desired values. In this study, the effectiveness of seismic isolation is investigated on both fixed based and seismic isolated models of a hospital building with high ductility level with regard to lateral displacements, internal forces, structural periods and cost of the building. Layered rubber bearings are interposed between the base of the structure and foundation. Earthquake analysis of the building are performed using earthquake records in time domain (Kocaeli, Loma Prieta and Landers). Results obtained from three-dimensional finite element models are presented by graphs and tables in detail. That seismic isolation reduces significantly the destructive effects of earthquakes on structures is seen from the results obtained by seismic analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.311-326
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• 2024

Transmission tower structures are particularly susceptible to damage and even collapse under strong seismic ground motions. Conventional seismic analyses of transmission towers are usually performed by considering only ground motion uncertainty while ignoring structural uncertainty; consequently, the performance evaluation and failure prediction may be inaccurate. In this context, the present study numerically investigates the seismic responses and failure mechanism of transmission towers by considering multiple sources of uncertainty. To this end, an existing transmission tower is chosen, and the corresponding three-dimensional finite element model is created in ABAQUS software. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the relative importance of the uncertain parameters in the seismic responses of transmission towers. The numerical results indicate that the impacts of the structural damping ratio, elastic modulus and yield strength on the seismic responses of the transmission tower are relatively large. Subsequently, a set of 20 uncertainty models are established based on random samples of various parameter combinations generated by the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. An uncertainty analysis is performed for these uncertainty models to clarify the impacts of uncertain structural factors on the seismic responses and failure mechanism (ultimate bearing capacity and failure path). The numerical results show that structural uncertainty has a significant influence on the seismic responses and failure mechanism of transmission towers; different possible failure paths exist for the uncertainty models, whereas only one exists for the deterministic model, and the ultimate bearing capacity of transmission towers is more sensitive to the variation in material parameters than that in geometrical parameters. This research is expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the influence of structural uncertainty on the seismic demand assessment of transmission towers.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2001

우리나라의 지진위험도는 중 .약진 지역으로 분류될 수 있으며, 최근 자주 발생하지는 않지만 큰 지진(예를들면 판내부 지진)에 대하여 구조물이 저항성능을 가져야 한다는 것을 고려한다면 벽체의 성능평가는 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문의 내용은 내력벽 시스템 아파트 건물의 벽체에 대한 반응수정계수의 평가에 관한 것이다. 이를 위하여 반응수정계수에 관련한 기존 연구를 조사하여 반응수정계수의 구성요소를 분석하였다. 또한, 국내 내진기준에서 반응수정계수, 동적계수 산정의 문제점을 ATC와 UBC 기준들의 밑면전단력의 크기와 비교하여 나타내었다. 그리고, 아파트 벽체 및 전단벽에 대한 기존의 국내 .외 실험연구를 활용하여 그 구조성능을 평가하였으며, 이러한 연구내용의 결과를 기초로 허용응력도 설계용 지진하중을 규정하는 국내 내진규정의 내력벽 시스템에 대한 반응수정계수를 제안한다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

교량 받침장치부는 상부구조의 수직하중을 지지하여 하부구조에 전달하고, 교량의 붕괴사고를 방지하는 역할을 한다. 하지만, 포항지진에 의하여 총 12개 도로교량의 받침장치 몰탈 파손, 받침장치 파손 및 쐐기 손상이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 지진시 교량 받침장치부의 구조 시스템 특성을 고려하여 교각의 코핑부와 무수축몰탈을 포함한 면진받침 장치 실험체의 전단 거동특성 및 손상모드를 평가하였다. 받침장치 쐐기에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위하여 쐐기 설치 유무를 변수로 설정하였으며, 압축-전단 실험을 실시하여 면진장치의 전단 거동특성과 손상모드를 확인하였다. 또한 유한요소해석을 통하여 받침장치의 거동특성 및 각 구성요소별 손상원인을 분석하였다. 실험결과, 쐐기의 충돌 및 손상 발생 이후 급격한 하중변화가 발생하였으며, 받침장치와 무수축몰탈 경계부를 따라 균열이 발생하였다. 쐐기 유무에 따른 쐐기, 앵커 소켓 및 무수축볼탈의 응력거동을 비교함으로써 지진시 교량받침장치부의 손상원인을 규명하였다.