• Title/Summary/Keyword: seedling development

Search Result 577, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

Seedling Emergence and Initial Growth between Water and Dry Seeding in Forage Millet (사료용 피의 건답과 무논 파종 시 입모 및 초기생육특성)

  • Ahn, Seok-Hyeon;Chung, Nam-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.59 no.1
    • /
    • pp.83-88
    • /
    • 2014
  • This research was carried out to determine the characteristics of germination in relation to temperature, and seedling emergence and growth affected by soil moisture in forage millet. The seeds of forage millet could germinate at more than $15^{\circ}C$ at the rate of 0, 90.5, 97.3 and 96.8% respectively 10 days after seeding at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. The result showed that the temperature needs to be $15^{\circ}C$ or more for the seeds to germinate. The effects of seeding depth on the growth characteristics and emergence of millet seed were investigated in waters and direct seeding methods by thoroughly mixing the seed and soil. In water treatment, the emergence rates were 3.7% at $15^{\circ}C$, 7.6% at $20^{\circ}C$, 6.3% at $25^{\circ}C$, while direct seeding treatment showed the emergence rates of 65.6, 75 and 71% at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. At 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$, seeds in water seeding could germinate at 0.5, 1.8, 1.5 cm of soil depth, while in direct seeding, they could germinate at the depth of 9.5, 10.0, 9.9 cm. When the initial growth characteristics of the seeds were investigated, there was positive correlation between seeding depth and mesocotyl length in both water and direct seed methods. Growth and development in terms of leaf age, root length, coleoptiles and mesocotyl length, and plant height were found maximum at 0.5 cm soil depth for water seeding, and 3-5 cm soil depth for direct seeding. Results showed that there were close relationship among temperature, soil depth and moisture acquiring methods, and the combination of these factors greatly affected the initial growth characteristics and development of millet seeds. It can be concluded that, to get good seedling stand and germination of millet seed, millet should grown in field condition at the depth of 0.5 cm or less for water seeding, and 3-5 cm for direct seeding method.

Effect of Geothermal Water on Germination, Seedling Growth and Development of Vascular Bundle in Rice (온천수가 벼종자의 발아, 유묘생장 및 유관속발달에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Dong-Jin;Zamora, Oscar B.;Chae, Je-Cheon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.41 no.1
    • /
    • pp.53-61
    • /
    • 1996
  • Geothermal water contains toxic quantities of sulfur, potassium, sodium, boron, and other toxic elements. These toxic elements can substantially restrict germination and seedling growth in rice plant. Germination percentage, average days required for germination and germination velocity were drastically affected by geothermal water. Binato cultivar has higher germination rate compared to IR58 and Unbong 7. Plant height, root length, leaf number and total dry weight decreased with increased geothermal water concentration. Binato and IR58 showed higher total dry weight than Unbong 7 at 25 percent geothermal water at 15 days after treatment (DAT). Binato and IR58 were relatively more tolerant than Unbong 7 in terms of percentage of leaf damage at 25, 50 and 75% concentration of geothermal water at 10 DAT. The development of large and small vascular bundles decreased with increasing concentration of geothermal water from control to 50% in three rice cultivars.

  • PDF

Effect of Alfalfa Extract, It's Concentration and Absorbents on Germination and Growth of Alfalfa (알팔파 추출물, 추출농도 및 흡착제 처리가 알팔파 발아와 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Ill Min, Chung;Ki-June Kim
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.40 no.5
    • /
    • pp.619-628
    • /
    • 1995
  • Crude aqueous extracts from dried leaves, stems, roots, and flowers from both field grown and greenhouse grown alfalfa plants inhibited alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth. The degree of inhibition was greater in the field grown plant extracts. Flowers extract of field grown plant most inhibited alfalfa germination and seedling growth. In the concentration study, the highest concentration of extract (9.0%, w/v) significantly inhibited total alfalfa seed germination by 50% as compared to control. In partitioning study using pot hydroponic culture of plant biomass into leaves, stems, root, LAR products of LWR and SLA exhibited significant variation among four species. This result support that the inhibitory effect of autotoxic substances presenting in alfalfa tissue may be possible interference with the patitioning of biomass into leaf component relative to the total biomass produced by the alfalfa plant. Toxicity of extract was not reduced by adding activated charcoal, Dowex-50W, amberlite to the extract. Toxic substances existing in most plant tissues but mainly above ground foliage are water soluble and stable and may persist in old alfalfa fields. Thus, it is recommended to remove as much as possible of the above growth parts, especially vegetative stage, before one tries to re-establish alfalfa in former field of alfalfa.

  • PDF

Comparison of Plant Growth Promoting Methylobacterium spp. and Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Application on Red Pepper and Tomato Seedling Development (식물생장촉진 세균 Methylobacterium spp. 와 IAA 처리가 고추와 토마토 유묘의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Boruah, Hari P. Deka;Chauhan, Puneet S.;Yim, Woo-Jong;Han, Gwang-Hyun;Sa, Tong-Min
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.43 no.1
    • /
    • pp.96-104
    • /
    • 2010
  • A comparative study was performed in gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and inoculation of Methylobacterium spp. possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD) and IAA activity on red pepperand tomato seedling growth and development. Application of 1.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ IAA positively influenced root growth while high concentrations (>10.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) suppressed root growth of red pepper and tomato under gnotobiotic condition. On the other hand, inoculation of Methylobacterium strains with ACCD activity and IAA or without IAA enhanced root growth in both plants. Similarly, under greenhouse condition the inoculation of Methylobacterium sp. with ACCD activity and IAA enhanced plant fitness recorded as average nodal length and specific leaf weight (SLW) but the effect is comparable with the application of low concentrations of IAA. Seedling length was significantly increased by Methylobacterium strains while total biomass was enhanced by Methylobacterium spp. and exogenous applications of < 10.0 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ IAA. High concentrations of IAA retard biomass accumulation in red pepper and tomato. These results confirm that bacterial strains with plant growth promoting characters such as IAA and ACCD have characteristic effects on different aspects of growth of red pepper and tomato seedlings which is comparable or better than exogenous applications of synthetic IAA.

Improvement of Seedling Establishment in Wet Direct Seeding of Rice using the Anaerobic Germination Tolerance Gene Derived from Weedy Photoblastic Rice (잡초벼 PBR 혐기발아 내성 유전자 활용 벼 담수직파 초기 입모 개선)

  • Jeong, Jong-Min;Mo, Youngjun;Baek, Man-Kee;Kim, Woo-Jae;Cho, Young-Chan;Ha, Su-Kyung;Kim, Jinhee;Jeung, Ji-Ung;Kim, Suk-Man
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.65 no.3
    • /
    • pp.161-171
    • /
    • 2020
  • Direct seeding is one of the rice seedling establishment methods that is increasingly being practiced by farmers to save labor and reduce costs. However, this method often causes poor germination under flooding conditions after sowing. In this study, we developed japonica elite lines with quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance to overcome poor germination and seedling establishment in wet direct seeding. The QTL introgression lines were developed from a cross between weedy photoblastic rice as the AG donor and the Nampyeong variety via phenotypic and genotypic selection. Compared to Nampyeong, the survival rates of the selected lines were improved by approximately 50% and 240% under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively. To improve selection efficiency by marker assisted selection, the QTL markers associated with AG tolerance were converted to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers designed based on next-generation sequence analysis. These lines retained similar agronomic traits and yield potential to the parent, Nampyeong. Among these lines, we selected the most promising line, which exhibited high survival rate and good agricultural traits under flooding conditions and named the line as Jeonju643. This line will contribute to breeding programs aiming to develop rice cultivars adapted to wet direct seeding. This study demonstrates the successful application of marker-assisted selection to targeted introgression of anaerobic genes into a premium quality japonica rice variety.

Development of a Vegetable Transplanting Robot

  • Kang, Dong-Hyeon;Kim, Dong-Eok;Lee, Gong-In;Kim, You-Ho;Lee, Hye-Jin;Min, Young-Bong
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.201-208
    • /
    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a vegetable transplanting robot which transplants seedlings from a nursery tray to a plant pot using its four fingers. Method: The robot consists of the transplanting part, nursery tray moving part, plant pot moving part, main frame and controller. Two moving parts are controlled by the photo sensor and servo motor. The transplanting part was composed with two components; transporting device using E-MY2H(SMC Corp., Japan) for controlling finger position accurately and finger for transplanting the seedling. Results: Head lettuce using the transplanting robot was transplanted in 21 days after sowing based upon the seed shape measurement and removing examination. The optimal finger shape was thin pin type because it caused minimum damage to the roots of seedlings. Conclusions: The four inclined pin type was applied to remove the seedlings from the nursery tray. In addition, the transplanting capacity of the developed robot was 2800 pots per hour and the rate of success was 99% and above.

Decomposition Characteristics and Seedling Growth of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) by Salt Concentration in Saemangeum Reclaimed Land (새만금 간척지에서 염농도에 따른 갈대(Phragmites australis) 유묘 생장 및 분해 특성)

  • Oh, Yang-Yeol;Kim, Sun;Ryu, Jin-Hee;Lee, Su-Hwan;Lee, Jung-Tae;Bae, Hui-Su;Kim, Young-Joo;Kim, Kil-Young
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.28 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1061-1069
    • /
    • 2019
  • Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

New Miniature Phalaenopsis 'Snow Angel' Having White Flower with Pink Lip as Pot Flower (백색에 분홍립 소형의 분화용 팔레놉시스 'Snow Angel' 육성)

  • Joung, Hyang Young;Lee, Young Ran;Kim, Mi Seon;Lim, Jin Hee;Shin, Hak Ki;Rhee, Hae Kyung;Park, Sang Kun
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.168-171
    • /
    • 2011
  • 'Snow Angel' was developed by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 2008. A cross was made between phalaenopsis '0361', a white and red lip small-medium variety, and Phalaenopsis 'S98PN1', a white and dark pink lip small-medium variety with pink net pattern. The seedling materials were cultivated to 83 seedling lines from 2000 to 2002. The white and pink lip small-phalaenopsis '99-0404-13' with flowers of round shape was selected by individual selection. The selected line was multiplicated and the growth characteristics were investigated for the first characteristic trial from 2003 to 2007. It was named as 'Wonkyo F2-18' in 2008 and investigated for the second characteristic trial of growth characteristics. The examination was executed for stability, uniformity, yearly reproducibility, and public fancy. It was selected as a high quality cultivar with excellent flower shape and flower color from the selection council of new cultivars for agricultural products, there after it was registered as 'Snow Angel' in 2008.

Studies on the Direct Sowing Culture of Rice in Reclaimed Paddy Field (간척답 벼 직파재배에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Seok-Su;Shim, Jae-Sung
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.49-62
    • /
    • 1992
  • This study was carried out to investigate the emergence, growth and yield components in rice inassoccation with Several cultivation methods direct sowing flooded paddy field(DSF), direct sowing by airplane(DSA), direct sowing in dry paddy field(DSD), 8days seedling planting(8DS), and 35days seedlingplanting(35DS). Also this study was attempeted to know the effects of calcium peroxide on germinationand early growth of rice under different soil conditions, seeding depth, application of organic matter,indirect sowing flooded paddy field.1. Rate of emergence was 73% in DSF, 70% in DSA, 62% in DSD, respectively, under the different cultivation method of rice in reclaimed paddy field.2. Degree of lodging in relation to cultivation was 5 at both DSF and DSA, 3 at DSD, 2 at both 8DS and 35DS respectively.3. Maximum tiller number was 568 per m2 at DSF and 527 at DSA. Heating was delayed for 4 days at DSF, 8 days at DSD and 2 days at 8DS as comparison with that at 35DS.4. Yield was higher 1% to 3% at DSF than that at DSA and DSD while decreased by 12% as compared with that of seedling planting.5. Total dry weight of seedling was decreased by 57% at 8DS, 60% at DSF 63% at DSD, respectively, under 0.3% of salinity. Ratio of decreasing in dry weight was higher with high salinity.6. The amount of O2 released was recorded highest to 2 to 3days after irrigatition, thereafter remaining constant to 10 days after irrigatition.7. The optimum coating amount of calcium peroxide for germination was a half of rice seed weight with 1 cm sowing depth and one-fold with 2-cm sowing depth when rice straw was not applied. With rice straw applied, on the other hand, the amount of peroxide was one-fold with 1-cm sowing depth. It was found that, under the condition of applied 600kg/10a, of 2-cm soil depth with rice straw calcium peroxide coating had no effect on emergence of rice seedling.8. In reclaimed paddy field, lodging degree was 7 with direct sowing by machine and 9 with direct sowing by hand.9. Yield was increased by 5% by applying rice straw with direct sowing by machine.

  • PDF

Seasonal Bakanae Symptom Development and Yield Associated with Transplantation of Infected Rice Seedling by Fusarium moniliforme (Fusarium moniliforme 이병주(罹病株)의 이앙후(移秧後) 병징출현(病懲出現)과 수량(收量)과의 관계(關係))

  • Sung, Jae-Mo;Yang, Sung-Suk;Park, Jong-Seong
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.171-174
    • /
    • 1984
  • To investigate the relationship between symptom development of Bakanae disease and yield component (the length of panicle, weight of panicle, number of healthy grain per panicle and number of panicle per hill), rice seedlings infected with F. moniliforme were transplanted. The number of panicles per hill and healthy grain per panicle were greatly decreased by the development of Bakanae symptom. Yield components was not correlated with the time of the Bakanae symptom development. Rice plants with Bakanae symptom had lower yield as 210g per 10 hills than healthy plants as 469g per 10 hills.

  • PDF