• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the germination rate according to temperature, pelleting materials, pelleted size, seed storage periods under light and dark conditions in Rehmannia glutinosa. The highest germination rate was obtained from $25^{\circ}C$ in both light and dark condition. Two-year old seeds showed higher germination rate compared to one-year old seed. Talc material showed the highest germination rate among the pelleting materials by 82.5%. Among the different pelleting sizes, the highest germination rate was shown in 2.0 mm, and especially Talc pelleting showed 100% germination rate on 17days after seeding. In case of combination of pelleting materials, both of talc + vermiculite, zeolite + vermiculite showed lower germination rate than the control and 0.7 mm pelleted seed showed the highest germination rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

To investigate the attributes of seed germination of the plants for greening of river bank slope, low-temperature treatment, chemical treatment, plant hormones treatment, and stratification were conducted using the seeds of 6 herbs growing naturally around river banks, such as Setaria glauca and faberii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Lespedeza cuneata and the seeds of 3 shrubs, such as Lespedeza bicolor., Rosa multiflora, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora. The findings are as follows. In case of herbs, Setaria glauca and faberii. have stone seeds. In the treatment with $H_2SO_4$, they were germinated through dormancy breaking, even though there were some differences depending on immersion time, and the germination rate of Setaria faberii was a bit higher than that of Setaria glauca. The germination rate of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii was low in the treatment with $GA_3$, NAA, and the plant hormone, but the seed germination rate has improved and the germination rate of Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides showed the improved seed germination rate in low temperature treatment. In case of Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor, the leguminous plants, the treatment with $H_2SO_4$ was most effective for the improvement of seed germination and the decrease in germination time. Only Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, the rose among 3 woody plants showed the seed germination rate above 50% without any additional treatment. Thus, it was thought to be appropriate for greening. Rosa multiflora showed the attribute of germination in a dark condition at low temperature through stratification, despite its low germination rate. Based on the results as above, with respect to the greening using directly collected seeds, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora are suitable for greening, because they do not need any additional treatment, and Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor are also suitable for greening because it is possible to improve the germination rate and reduce the germination time through the treatment on the seeds before sowing.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum condition of breaking dormancy and to increase the germination rate of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. seeds. Germination of seeds which did not germinate at the various constant temperature was induced by the artificial breaking of seed coat, and the germination rate of seeds which the seed coats were broken was the highest(94%) at $15^{\circ}C$. The germination rate of seed was highest when seeds were treated with concentrated $H_2SO_4$ for 40 minutes. When seeds were stored in dry condition, the germination capability was maintained up to 5 years after harvest. However, their germination rate become lowered and average germinating duration was extended. Germination rate of seeds which were stored for 5 years significantly increased by the low temperature treatment more than 30 days.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2006

Present studies were performed to determine the physiology of seed germination in Viola species native to Korea. Twelve species, 1 variety and 1 form were collected, classified and used as materials: V. collina, V. blandaefomis, V. rosii, V. chaerophylloides, V. phalacrocarpa, V. patrinii, V. mandshurica, V. mandshurica for. albescence, V. seoulensis, V. yedoensis, V. keiskei, V. variegata, V. variegata var. chinensis, and V. verecunda. V. tricolor 'Helen Mount' was also used to compare wild with cultivated species. In order to investigate the effect of temperature on seed germination, seeds stored at $4{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 10 months or 4 years were incubated at 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ under 16h illumination with 4 replicates per treatment. Seeds which had not germinated at $10^{\circ}C$ were transferred to $30^{\circ}C$ to assess the effect of temperature change in germination. Germination percent and the days of first, 40% and 80% germination were assessed. Capability of seed germination varied with taxon; Species belonging to subsection Patellares had high ability of germination, compared to species in the other subsections, and series Chinensis was the best among subsection Patellares. Species capable of high germination germinated in all temperatures with reasonably high germination rate, but the other species responded sensitively to temperature with different germination patterns. Higher the temperature, shorter the incubation time required for first, 40% and 80% of germination. Therefore, high temperature was effective in almost all species, not only for inducing high rate of germination but also the uniformity of germination. Temperature change from $10^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ had a positive effect on seed germination.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

The seeds of soybean (Glycine max), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined the germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage ($-18^{\circ}C$) conservation. For soybean seeds, 2,313 accessions were examined and germination rate of 1,082 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 227 accessions of soybean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 589 accessions was increased and showed no change for 415 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For adzuki bean seeds, 2,058 accessions were examined and germination rate of 739 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 63 accessions of adzuki bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 535 accessions was increased and showed no change for 721 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For mung bean seeds, 438 accessions were examined and germination rate of 139 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 5 accessions of mung bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 155 accessions was increased and showed no change for 139 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For kdney bean seeds, 366 accessions were examined and germination rate of 7 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 65 accessions of kidney bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 201 accessions was increased and showed no change for 93 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2008

Seed production and germination could be influenced by some factors. The picking time and climate factors are regarded as the elements to obtain sound seeds. We have observed the seed productivity and germination of seeds from trees of Chamaecyparis obtusa selected in a clonal seed orchard. Depending on picking time, various shapes from liquid material, something jellied to the fully matured one were observed. Germination aspects varied throughout the test days. After 20days of seeding in a glass petri-dish, germinal apparatuses appeared from the all seeds which had been picked from after at the end of August. The highest germination rate of about 30% was observed from the seeds picked from $20^{th}$ of September and $10^{th}$ of October. Seed production was about two times higher in 2005 than in 2006 and the average germination rate was also higher in 2005. We have also analyzed the effects of climatic factors about two consecutive years on seed productivity. Among the climatic factors, monthly sum of temperature and of precipitation were the main factors for maturation of Chamaecyparis obtusa seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

The responses of soybean seeds were evaluated to accelerated aging and gamma irradiation with regard to germination, seed leakage, seed leachate component and dry weight of hypocotyl and primary root of the germinating seed. Accelerated aging significantly reduced the final germination rate while gamma irradiation increased the final germination rate. Furthermore, the interactive effects occurred that the final germination rate of 5-day aged seeds increased considerably in response to 4 Gy of gamma irradiation. The extent to which the electrolyte was leaked from the seeds (conductivity) was significantly affected by accelerated aging and showed a close negative correlation with the germination rate. Gamma irradiation, however, did not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of seed leachate. The accelerated aging significantly increased the concentrations of the particular electrolytes leaked from the seeds while the gamma irradiation did not affect those concentrations. Of the electrolytes leaked from the seeds, Ca and Mg showed relatively lower concentrations while K showed greater concentrations than others. Moreover, N and P showed similar responses to aging treatment. Aging treatment significantly affected dry weight (DW) of hypocotyls and primary root. Also, gamma irradiation decreased DW of hypocotyls and primary root, particularly for 8 Gy associated with 5 days aging treatment. The data were discussed in terms of the relationships of seed vigor with aging treatment and gamma irradiation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

This study was conducted to improve the postharvest storage techniques of managing and storing seeds, to test qualities and viabilities of the seeds and to examine the germination rate and the protein expression of Achyranthes japonica Nakai. The seeds collected from different areas of Je-Cheon and Gwang-Ju were stored with different temperatures and durations. Two plant growth regulators and two seed priming were treated to investigate their effect on the germination rates and the days required for germination. The weight of one hundred seed collected in Gwang-Ju was heavier than those in Je-Cheon. Seed length collected in Gwang-Ju was also longer about 5.12 mm than those in Je-Cheon about 4.90 mm and seed width was longer in Gwang-Ju than those in Je-Cheon. The rates of seed germination in two different collection areas were higher about 2.9 to 13.0% in Gwang-Ju compared to those in Je-Cheon. Comparing its rates with the storing temperatures and durations, they were not clearly different in between $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ and they also were gradually decreased with getting longer storing durations. The germination rates treated by plant growth regulators were higher with $GA_3$ than those with Kinetin. The highest seed germination rate was appeared at 50 ppm of $GA_3$. Comparing its rates with different seed priming, they were relatively higher with $KNO_3$ than those with PEG6000. In protein expression patterns between before the germinating and after the germinating of seeds, more and clear bands were appeared in the seed after the germination compared to those before the germination of seeds, especially 10 ~ 20 kDa. These results showing more and clear bands were more clearly appeared in Gwang-Ju compared to Je-Cheon. Comparing the protein expression with plant growth regulators and seed primings, $GA_3$ was better expression than those with Kinetin and $KNO_3$ was better than those with PEG6000. More and clear bands were closely related to the germination rates of seeds and more detailed studies would be required.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1988

Research was conducted to obtain easy and secure methods for promoting germination of Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonic a Steud.) seed. The effect of sodium hypochiorite (NaOCl) treatment on germination of seeds was compared with that of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment under conditions of duration of seed storage after harvest and temperature of treatment. Emergence of seedlings from soil and micro-flora infection rate among seed treatments were investigated. 1. The promotion of germination was much more evident in seeds treated with 4% NaOCl for 8 and 10 hours than in seeds treated with 25% or 30% KOH for 30 and 40 minutes. Longer durations of storage before seed treatment in KOH than in NaOCl were required to initiate enough germination. 2. Differences in temperature of treatment with NaOCT did not have much influence on germination of seeds and treatment temperature of 15˚C was better than that of 200˚C and 300˚C for promoting germination. But seed treatment with KOH significantly promoted germination with increasing temperature of treatment from I 5˚C to 20˚C and 30˚C. 3. GA$_3$ treatment enhanced germination in NaOCl-pretreated seeds at early stage of imbibition and in-creased about 10% germination after 10 days of imbibition in KOH-pretreated seeds. 4. NaOC1 treatments significantly decreased the rate of the infection of microflora in seed samples and enhaced emergence of seedlings from soil compared with KOH treatment. 5. NaOC1 treatment had advantage over KOH treatment with respect to ease of preparing, securing and handling in stimulating germinating of Korean lawngrass seeds.