• 한국연초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

Cigarette filters containing Brassica Rapa L. seeds of the dark brown and round shaped were evaluated to determine the effect of seed addition on filter degradability. The seeds with germination capability under the tar/nicotine condition in the preliminary test, were put into the active carbon part of the filter(12mm) during filter rod making by the kit. The $4{\pm}2$ pieces of the seeds were put into the opened fiber bundle of the filter tow. In order to test the germination rate of the seeds, seed filters were placed either in a petri dish or test-pot in a conditioned area ($25^{\circ}C$, 70 % RH). The seed filters were placed outdoors exposed to natural conditions with the periodic water supply. The seeds in the smoked filters showed 90 % germination rate after a month under the open air condition. No significant differences in the sensory evaluation and analysis were obtained when the control sample was compared to the same cigarettes with the seeds.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2012

We proposed the ZnO thin film for a SAW filter by PLD and RF sputtering method. ZnO thin films was pre-deposited on a sapphire substrate as a seed layer by PLD method and then deposited on seed layer by RF sputtering. The surface characteristics of ZnO thin film were investigated by XRD, SEM and AFM. The minimum surface roughness was 1.92 nm and FWHM of rocking curve was $0.92^{\circ}$. We demonstrated the SAW filter with bandwidth of approximately 0.97 MHz and the center frequency of 18.72 MHz using the proposed ZnO thin film.

• Plant Resources
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of new alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments, often requiring up to a year or more. One solution for reducing autotoxicity would be to select germplasms or cultivars with tolerance to the autotoxic chemical(5) and use genetically breeding program. Bioassay of seed germination and early seedling growth was conducted to evaluate autotoxic responses of 3 varieties of alfalfa to the water-soluble extracts(at 4 and 8g/L) from alfalfa ‘Cody’leaf by using agar and filter paper medium in a petri-dish assay. Root length at 5 days after seeding was more sensitive to the extract than was hypocotyl length or seed germination, and was a better parameter of autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts. Use of an agar medium gave better sensitivity of root length than did use of filter paper. Evaluating tolerance with percent of control was more important indicator than was mean of root length because of significant variation among varieties in root length of control treatment. Bioassay ranked varieties in the following order of tolerance on the basis of relative root length; “Cody” >“ Pioneer 5373” >“ Alfagraze”. Seedling growth from old “Cody” seed was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemical(5) than was that from newly produced seed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

본 연구는 동백나무의 대량번식 및 양묘를 위한 기초 정보를 제공하기 위하여 종자 무게와 저장방법에 따른 발아특성과 유묘생장을 조사하였다. 실온저장과 4℃건조저장의 발아율은 종자 무게에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었다. 4℃ 습윤모래저장의 발아율은 종자무게가 무거울수록 높아졌으나 저장 120일에 매우 낮은 발아율을 나타내었다. 4℃ 습윤여과지저장의 발아율은 60일, 90일, 120일 저장 모두 80% 이상으로 높았고, 종자 무게에 따른 발아율의 차이도 거의 나타나지 않았다. 평균발아일수는 실온저장과 건조저장에서 30일 내외의 긴 시간이 요구되었지만 습윤저장(모래, 여과지)은 13일 내외로서 짧았다. 엽수, 엽건물 중, 줄기직경, 뿌리건물중은 종자 무게 1.21 g 이상부터 평균치를 상회하였고, 줄기길이는 종자 무게 1.01 g, 식물체건물중은 종자 무게 0.81 g, 줄기건물중은 종자 무게 0.61 g부터 유묘의 평균치를 상회하였다. 유묘 생장은 종자 무게가 무거울수록 양호하였으며, T/R율은 종자가 무거울수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 동백나무 유묘의 대량생산을 위해서는 종자 무게 및 크기를 구체화할 필요성이 있고, 파종을 위한 종자저장은 4℃ 습윤여과지저장이 가장 효율적인 방법으로 평가되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

This interlaboratory study was designed to evaluate protozoan test methods in water and to predict the major causes of deviation of the methods. Each of four laboratories with previous experience of protozoa analysis in water participated, and met the initial performance criteria of EPA 1623 method provided. The protozoan analysis procedure consists of filtrations, concentration, immunomagnetic separation, dyeing (staining) and counting with observation. We tested three different filtration equipments: capsule filter for 10 L of surface water, and high volume (HV) capsule filter and membrane filter for 100 L of finished water. When the recovery of each step of the procedure was evaluated with EasySeed, the commercial stock of each 100 Cryptosporidium and Giardia, immunomagnetic separation and filtration step were the most crucial steps affecting the stability of the recovery, especially for Cryptosporidium. There was no significant difference of recovery among the filtration methods. Recovery of protozoa from source water were evaluated with spiked EasySeed as matrix tests. The recoveries of Giardia increased significantly in the matrix tests compared those in the deionized water. We also applied red stained mixture stocks of Cryptosporidium and Giardia called ColorSeed as internal standards of water sample tests. The recoveries of both EasySeed and ColorSeed in samples tested were within the range of the criteria, however, the Giardia recoveries using ColorSeed decreased significantly. Further optimization study with ColorSeed will be necessary, considering the convenience of using the internal standard without additional sample analysis. The significant factors of the recovery variation were identified as the differences of laboratories as well as water quality and type of the stock for spiking. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the quality assurance program for protozoan analysis lab in water.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.805-811
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• 2014

In this investigation, we constructed and demonstrated a simple Yb-doped fiber laser, of which longitudinal modes are mode-locked without any additional devices to compensate the dispersion caused by optical components. Non-linear polarization rotation (NPR) was adopted for the mode-locking mechanism and a polarization controller (PC) was used for a kind of spectral filters to restrict the bandwidth for mode-locking. As the result, the laser was successfully operated as mode-locked with the repetition rate of 42.2 MHz and the spectrum was broadened up to approximately 16 nm at 1033 nm center wavelength when the laser was mode-locked. In this paper, the operation of the developed Yb-doped mode-locked laser is explained with the concept of Lyot filter realized by a PC, which enables mode-locking under normal dispersion. In the industrial applications, this laser can be used as a seed laser of the high power lasers for optical manufacturing.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2017

Background: Dehisced ginseng seeds need to be stored at cold temperatures for around 3 months to break their physiological dormancy, and thus, to aid in gemination. In the presence of high moisture in such an environment, seed spoilage and pre-germination may lower seed quality and productivity. To improve seed quality during cold-stratification, the effects of seed dehydration and temperature were tested. Methods and Results: In early December, dehisced ginseng seeds were dehydrated at 4 different levels and stored at $2^{\circ}C$ $-2^{\circ}C$, and $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. Germination was carried out on the filter papers moistened with distilled water; emergence of root, shoot, and seed spoilage were assessed. Seed viability was examined by the tetrazolium test. More than 90% of the seeds stored at $2^{\circ}C$ and $-2^{\circ}C$ without drying or endocarp dehydration germinated, but seeds that were dehydrated to have a moisture content (MC) below 31% showed poor germination and lost their viability. In addition, the seeds stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ failed to show effective germination. Conclusions: Seed storage after endocarp dehydration might help to improve seed quality and increase seedling's ability to stand during the spring-sowing of ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.303-306
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• 2006

Seed of Codonopsis lanceolata exhibits low germination due to impermeable seed coat. Prolonged seed dormancy can be overcome by the application of gibberellins, as it promotes growth of the embryo and weakens the structures surrounding of embryo. The effects of photoperiod, sugar and gibberellin concentration were investigated at constant temperature for 12 days and 22 days in vitro and invivo conditions respectively. The rate of germination of seeds of Codonopsis lanceolata in wet filter paper in both complete dark and light treatments was significantly lower than that of seed treated with $GA_3$. It clearly indicates that there is significant coat imposed dormancy in the seed of Codonopsis lanceolata. The rate of germination in vivo condition was lower than that of the in vitro condition supplemented with $GA_3$ Thus, the physical dormancy due to impermeable seed coat and low level of endogenous gibberellins in the seed was the cause of poor germination rate in Codonopsis lanceolata.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2004

Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to agricultural crops as well as weed species. Aqueous extracts from leaves of Xanthium occidentale were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine their allelopathic effects, and the result showed that the extracts applied onto filter paper significantly inhibited seed germination as well as root growth of alfalfa. Untreated seeds germinated in 60h, but extract concentrations greater than 30g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ delayed seed germination. The extracts significantly inhibited seed germination of alfalfa, and $\beta$-amylase activity of alfalfa and barley seeds during 24-36 hours after treatment. Aqueous extracts of 40 g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ from X. occidentale were completely inhibited the hypocotyl and root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous leaf extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect and followed by root and stem extracts. Early seedling growth of both alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was significantly reduced by methanol extracts. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography, chlorogenic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were quantified as the highest amounts from water and EtOAc fractions, respectively. BuOH and EtOAc fractions of X. occidentale reduced alfalfa root growth more than did hexane and water fractions. The findings of the bioassays for aqueous or methanol extracts reflected that the inhibitory effect of extract was closely related to the level of responsible allelochemicals found in plant extracts.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.691-695
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• 2005

종이 필터, 면섬유, 유리섬유 필터 등과 같은 지지체 위에 이차성장 수열합성법에 의하여 제올라이트 박막을 제조하였다. 먼저, 제올라이트 종자로 사용하기 위하여 제올라이트 NaA(${\approx}0.5{\mu}m$)와 silicalite-1(${\approx}0.2{\mu}m$) 결정들을 합성하였고, 이 결정들을 지지체의 표면에 화학결합을 이용하여 부착시켰다. 종자 결정으로 덮힌 지지체 위에 NaA나 silicalite-1 제올라이트 박막이 생성되었으며, 제조된 박막은 주사형 전자현미경으로 관찰하였고, X-ray 회절로 분석하였다.