• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2011

Forty-seven wild accessions of Lotus japonicus Regal (Japanese trefoil) indigenous to Japan were investigated for nine morphological characters. Average temperature and annual precipitation were negatively correlated with stem color and seed weight. On the other hand, latitude was positively correlated with these traits. Consequently, accessions from sites at higher latitudes with low temperatures and precipitation tend to have dark red stems and heavy seeds. Cluster analysis based on nine morphological characters classified 47 wild accessions into six major groups. Cluster I included four accessions of tall and erect plants. These plants are phenotypically similar to commercial variety 'Empire'. Cluster II consisted of three accessions of creep plants with pale red stems. Cluster III contained 24 accessions that had average values for all morphological characters evaluated. Cluster IV included two accessions of erect plants with rounded leaflets and dark red stems. Cluster V included four accessions of small, creep plants with pale red stems. Cluster VI included seven accessions of small and erect plants, a phenotype that also applies to ?Gifu B-129?, which is used as experimental strain worldwide. These data were deposited into LegumeBase, an online database (http://www.legumebase.brc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp/) supported by the National BioResource Project (NBRP) in Japan.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.472-475
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• 2002

Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin L is a homotetrameric-leucoagglutinating seed lectin. Its three-dimensional structure shows similarity with other members of the legume lectin family. The tetrameric form of this lectin is pH dependent. Gel filtration results showed that the protein exists in its dimeric state at pH 2.5 and as a tetramer at pH 7.2. Contrary to earlier reports on legume lectins that possess canonical dimers, thermal denaturation studies show that the refolding of phytohemagglutinin L at neutral pH is irreversible. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the denaturation of this lectin as a function of pH that ranged from 2.0 to 3.0. The lectin was found to be extremely thermostable with a transition temperature around $82^{\circ}C$ and above $100^{\circ}C$ at pH 2.5 and 7.2, respectively. The ratio of calorimetric to vant Hoff enthalpy could not be calculated because of its irreversible-folding behavior. However, from the DSC data, it was discovered that the protein remains in its compact-folded state, even at pH 2.3, with the onset of denaturation occurring at $60^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 2020

This study was carried out to clarify the larvae and juveniles of egg development and autonomous development of Hemibarbus longirostris from Korea, and to obtain basic data for species conservation and seed production. The shape of the egg was circular and sticky. The average size of the eggs was 2.01 mm (n=10). At 185 hours after fertilization, more than 50% of the total embryos were hatched. The newly hatched larvae had an average total length of 8.10 mm (n=5) and had egg yolk in the abdomen. At 3 days after hatching, the larvae absorbed all egg yolk was average total length 8.64 mm. On the 6 days after hatching, the caudal tip of the notochord started to curve upwards was average total length 10.9 mm. At 70 days after hatching, the average total length 37.9 mm. The number of fins was i 8-10 in dorsal fin, iii 7 in the anal fin, and ii 5 in the ventral fin.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1582-1587
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• 2005

In coagulant control of water treatment plants, rule extraction, one of datamining categories, was performed for coagulant control of a water treatment plant. Clustering methods were applied to extract control rules from data. These control rules can be used for fully automation of water treatment plants instead of operator's knowledge for plant control. To perform fuzzy clustering, there are some coefficients to be determined and these kinds of studies have been performed over decades such as clustering indices. In this study, statistical indices were taken to calculate the number of clusters. Simultaneously, seed points were found out based on hierarchical clustering. These statistical approaches give information about features of clusters, so it can reduce computing cost and increase accuracy of clustering. The proposed algorithm can play an important role in datamining and knowledge discovery.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2002

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of two biologically active compounds(Strom and F-760) in control of wheat root rot disease and its causal organisms. Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana were used as target organisms. In vitro, the two compounds showed fungicidal effect on all investigated pathogens resulted in suppression of radial growth and mycelial dry weight of them. Under greenhouse conditions, treatment of wheat grains with either Strom or F-760 before cultivation significantly reduced the percent of disease distribution as well as the mean disease rating of plants in both seedling and flowering stages. Fresh and dry weights of plants as well as water maintenance capacity were increased as the result of applying these compounds as seed dressing. Also data showed that the membrane stability of plants was injured as a result of infection with all investigated organisms, while this injury was alleviated when F-760 and Strom were applied. The $K^+$ efflux and the leakage of UV absorbing metabolites was stimulated with fungal infection. However, F-760 and Storm treatment partially retarded the stimulatory effect on leakage of $K^+$ and UV-absorbing metabolites of fungal infected plants. On the other side, the fungal infection had inhibitory effects on pigment fractions(chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) biosynthesis in wheat leaves. This retarding effect was partially or completely alleviated as the grains were treated with the applied compounds.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 1999

The cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the seed of Plantago asiatica extracts led to the isolation of four compounds, responsible for the cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, i. e., A431 (Human Epidermoid carcinoma), KHOS-NP (Human Osteosarcoma). SNU-1 (Human stomach carcinoma), SNU-C4 (Human large intestine carcinoma). The structure were elucidated by the phsyco chemical data: ${\beta}-sitosterol(C1)$, $cholest-5-en-3{\beta}-ol(C2)$, rutin(C3), $coumarin-7-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside(C4)$. $IC_{50}$ values of compound C2 were 14.6, 13.5, 10.3, 17.8 ${\mu}g/ml$, and compound C3 and C4 showed activity, having $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 10.3 to 20.14 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.419-430
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• 2009

Reading comprehension (RC) systems are to understand a given text and return answers in response to questions about the text. Many previous studies extract sentences that are the most similar to questions as answers. However, texts for RC tests are generally short and facts about an event or entity are often expressed in multiple sentences. The answers for some questions might be indirectly presented in the sentences having few overlapping words with the questions. This paper proposes a conceptual graph matching method towards RC tests to extract answer strings. The method first represents the text and questions as conceptual graphs, and then extracts subgraphs for every candidate answer concept from the text graph. All candidate answer concepts will be scored and ranked according to the matching similarity between their sub-graphs and question graph. The top one will be returned as answer seed to form a concise answer string. Since the sub-graphs for candidate answer concepts are not restricted to only covering a single sentence, our approach improved the performance of answer extraction on the Remedia test data.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on reducing the ocular symptoms and signs for dry eye syndrome. Methods: The participants who were aged ≥ 40 years old and met the inclusion criteria of the ocular surface disease index score ≥ 13 and a tear film break-up time ≤ 10 seconds were enrolled into the two groups: experimental group (n=29) and control group (n=27). Experimental group received auricular acupressure therapy for 8 weeks. Seed stickers were applied to the eye, liver and tubercle point of each ear once a week. Data were collected at pre and 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment and analysed the efficacy of intervention by repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences in the ocular surface disease index, standard patient evaluation of eye dryness and a tear film break-up time in both eyes at 8 weeks after the treatment between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the auricular acupressure therapy may be helpful for relieving symptoms of dry eye as a nursing intervention. In addition, it could also be utilized as a self-care practice using proper education and training.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.91.1-91.1
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• 2012

지구 자기권의 입자분포는 지구 자기권의 상태와 태양풍의 물리적 상황에 따라 다르다. 가령, 정지궤도에서 고에너지 입자의 flux가 낮아지는 것이 관측된다. 이러한 flux dropout 기간은 대부분 storm main phase에 해당된다. 반면 태양풍의 속력이 상대적으로 높은 HSS(high speed stream)기간 동안에는 대부분 정지궤도에서의 고에너지 입자 flux가 높아지며 radiation belt의 고에너지 입자들의 seed electron 역할을 할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GOSE 11 위성의 electron flux data와 태양풍의 속도를 이용하여 HSS, quiet time, flux dropout 기간을 정의 하였다. 또한, 지구로부터 7~8Re 떨어진 night side지역을 radiation belt의 trapping boundary 바로 바깥 경계지역과 같다고 가정하였다. 그리고 각 기간 동안 이 경계지역에서 입자들의 분포와 관련된 물리적 조건을 결정하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이는 방사선 벨트 내부에서의 역학적 진화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 2007년 6월부터 2010년 8월까지 이러한 경계지역에 THEMIS 위성이 위치했을 때 ESA와 SST의 omni-directional flux를 이용하여 에너지에 대한 입자플럭스 분포 함수를 산출하였다. 또한 각 기간에 평균한 분포 함수를 가장 잘 나타낼 수 있는 해석적 함수를 도출하였다. 추가로, 경계지역에서의 입자들의 pitch angle 분포 패턴도 결정 하였다. 이 결과는 방사선 벨트의 전산모사에서 실질적인 경계 조건으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

Three sesquiterpene lactones (1, 2 and 5) and two lipid glycerols (3 and 4) were isolated from MeOH extract of Ainsliaea acerifolia (Compositae). Based on spectral data, their chemical structures were determined as estafiatone (1), zaluzanin C (2), 3-O-(9Z, 12Z, 15Z-octadecatrienoyl) glycerol (3), 3-O-(9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoyl) glycerol (4) and glucozaluzanin C (5). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 were previously not reported from Ainsliaea species.