• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.373-377
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• 1997

벼 담수 직파재배와 콩 포장에서 조류 기피제인 methiocarb 50％ WP의 처리에 의한 새 피해 경감 효과를 조사하기 위하여 화성벼와 태광콩을 공시하고 약제의 양을 달리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. <실험 1> 벼 종자에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 따른 새 피해 경감 효과와 모의 생육 1) 벼 담수 직파재배에서 무처리구는 파종 후 2일에 12％, 3일 후에 37％, 5일 후에 50％의 새 피해가 발생하였으나, 벼 종자 5g 처리구는 4일 후에 35％, 5일 후에 39％의 피해가 있었고, 10, 15g 처리구는 파종 후 6일에 9％ 정도이었다. 2) 벼 담수 직파재배에서는 파종 7일 후에는 초엽과 침엽이 출현함으로써 새에 의한 피해가 상당히 감소되는 것으로 나타나서 새에 의한 피해방지는 파종 후 7일 이내가 중요하였다. 3) 약제 처리에 대한 벼 종자의 출아율은 종자 kg 당 methiocard 10g 처리구까지는 차이가 없었으나 15g 처리구에서는 유의하게 출아율이 저하하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 파종 20일 후의 초장과 엽수는 종자 kg당 methiocarb 15g 처리구가 유의하게 작아지는 것으로 나타났다. 2. <실험 2> 콩에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 따른 새 피해 경감 효과 1) 콩 포장에서 새 피해 발생 정도를 경시적으로 조사한 결과 methiocarb 7.5g 처리구는 무처리구에 비하여 현저하게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 콩 포장에 대한 methiocarb 처리에 의한 약해 정도를 경시적으로 조사한 결과 전 처리구에서 약해 발생은 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1983

수입된 참외종자외 30종에서 Alternaria spp. 등 25종의 진균이 검출되었으며 박종자에서 Fusarium moniliforme 등 8종이 검출되어 공시종자중 가장 많은 종류의 진균이 분리되었다. 낙엽송종자외 5종에 약제처리한 결과 Vitathiram으로 처리된 수박종자에서 Rhynchosporium이 검출되었고 Benlate-T와 Captan을 처리한 종자에서 Alternaria spp.가 검출되었으며 무처리에서는 Alternaria spp. 등 6종의 진균이 검출되었다. 종자소독제처리에 대한 발아시험에서는 종자소독제를 사용하였을 경우 무처리나 약제처리가 거의 비슷한 발아율을 나타내고 있어 종자소독제가 종자의 발아에 미치는 영향은 없을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop soybean thresher which is able to reduce the soybean threshing damage in comparison to the conventional thresher. A threshing cylinder with different diameter of 480 and 384 mm at each end and with one quarter disc pegs of 60 mm radius was developed and attached to the prototype thresher. A conventional thresher which has a threshing cylinder with $\wedge$ type threshing pegs and same diameter of 480 mm at each end was used for comparative test. A series of comparative performance test was conducted using sun-yu and chung-ja soybean. For sun-yu bean, which is white and usually used for soybean paste and soy sauce, the ratio of damaged beans of prototype ranged 2-3% for 330-360 rpm which is recommended cylinder speed by manufacturer. The ratio of damaged beans of conventional thresher was 3-4% for the same range of cylinder speed. chung-ja beans with black color usually shows high damaged ratio compared with white beans, thus cylinder speed of 250-300 rpm is recommended by manufacturer to reduce the damaged ratio. For this range of cylinder speed, the damaged ratio of prototype was 1.3-1.4% and it was 2.7-6.1% for the conventional thresher. Thus prototype is able to reduce the damaged ratio 1.5-5.0% compared with conventional thresher. Prototype shows 0.4% of unthreshed soybean ratio for sun-yu bean in the optimum range of cylinder speed and it was 0.87% for the conventional thresher. For chung-ja bean, the ratio of unthreshed soybean was almost same for both prototype and conventional thresher with the value of 4.0%. The reason of high unthreshed soybean ratio for chung-ja bean compared sun-yu bean is due to the high seed moisture content of 29.11% which is much higher than that of the recommended.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2003

To enhance the performance of a rice seed pelleting machine and the quality of rice-seed pellets made, improvement of the rice seed pelleting machine developed previously(Park, 2002) was tried and its performance was evaluated. As compared with the previous pelleting machine, a feeding mechanism of pellet materials to the forming rolls was changed from screw conveyor to hydraulic cylinder for proper feeding, rings were installed among rows of semi-spherical forming grooves on the forming rolls for reducing pellet materials loss and seeds damage, and discharging air nozzles were added for complete discharging of the pellets made. Through performance tests, capacity, pelleting ratio, and seed loss ratio of the pelleting machine were investigated at the mixing ratios of soil to rice seed of 6 : 1, 7 : 1, and 8 : 1, and rotating speeds of the forming rolls of 7 rpm, 10 rpm, and 13 rpm. As results of performance evaluation, pelleting ratios were in the range of 77 ∼ 89 ％, and maximum pelleting ratio increased by 18 % in comparison with that of the previous machine. Maximum capacity was about 110 kg/h(about 63,000 pellets/h), which was increased by 70 % in comparison with that of the previous machine. But, ratios of seed loss were in the range of 24 - 49 ％, which were not improved.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2013

염색 및 탈색된 헤어는 일상생활 중의 자외선, 열기구 사용수세 (샴푸)에 의해 재손상되며, 이의 해결을 위해 최근 피부와 두피에 안전한 각종 천연물질의 연구가 활발하다. 이 연구는 녹차씨 오일의 광퇴색 방지와 모발 트리트먼트 효과를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 그러나 녹차의 기능은 이미 많이 알려져 있으나 녹차씨 오일을 이용한 모발 트리트먼트 및 퇴색 방지의 연구는 미비하다. 염색 및 탈색된 헤어에 녹차씨 오일을 이용한 전처리 트리트먼트 효과를 알아보기 위해 인장 강도 및 신장율을 측정하고 모발표면을 SEM으로 분석하였으며 색차계를 이용한 모발 광퇴색을 비교하였다. 실험결과 모발의 인장강도와 신장율의 측정에서 녹차씨 오일 전처리 시료는 버진헤어, 염색헤어, 탈색헤어에서 모두 증가하였고 신장율은 염색헤어와 탈색헤어에서 낮아져 염색헤어와 탈색헤어에서 트리트먼트 효과가 있었다. 모발표면을 촬영한 결과 모든 군에서 전처리된 모발 큐티클의 문리가 더 선명하고 코팅효과가 확인되었다. 모발의 광퇴색 값은 열과 수세의 반복 실험에서 전처리된 각 시료 모두 $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$값이 감소하였고 자외선 조사 실험에서는 염색과 탈색헤어에서 $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$값이 각각 감소하였다. 위의 실험결과에 의해 녹차씨 오일은 염색 및 탈색모발의 재손상 방지와 열과 자외선에 의한 색상의 퇴색방지 효과를 확인하였으며 앞으로 미용 실무현장에서 고객의 피부와 두피에 적합한 천연화장품 오일로 사용이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20) 배지의 면실박 대체배지로서 아주까리박, 유채박을 사용한 경우 C/N율은 대조와 유사하였고, 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용한 배지에서는 대조보다 높은 C/N율을 나타났다. 아주까리박, 유채박 사용시 배양일수는 2~5일, 초발이소요일수는 2일 지연 되었고 수량 또한 대조보다 20g이상 낮게 나타났으며 야자박, 코코넛박 사용시 배양일수는 3일 지연되었으나 수량은 관행재배 128g/병과 비슷하게 나타났다. 경제성 분석결과, 미송톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20)의 관행재배에서 면실박 대체배지로 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용시 1000병규모로 연간 8.2회 재배 경우 소득이 각각 2,864천원, 2,733천원으로 관행재배의 2,849천원 대비 101%, 96%의 소득지수를 보였다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.212-226
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• 2002

North American ginseng production may have been maximized in the traditional growing areas in the last decade and further increases may be in woods grown root, for niche markets. The marketplace demands high quality roots. Most problems leading to low quality roots start with the grower and can be avoided. These include poor site selection, inadequate soil drainage, untimely and poorly applied pesticides, and neglect of good sanitary practices. Selection of low lying sites increased the plant damage from frost in Ontario in May 2002. Seeding is still the major method of propagation of ginseng in spite of some success in culturing different parts of the plant. Opportunities exist for shortening the stratification period of North American ginseng seed to allow spring planting. This may reduce disease incidence. Since only one-third of ginseng seed sown ultimately produces plants harvested after 3 years any approach that reduces disease incidence and improves seed germination, seedling emergence and crop stand must be pursued. Disease is the major problem in ginseng cutivation from seed stratification, soil preparation prior to planting, right through to drying of the roots. Replant disease remains as an unresolved problem and needs full characterization and new approaches for control. Much progress has been made in research and related extension activities in disease control although challenges will arise such as with Quintozene and its replacement with Quadris for control of diseases caused by Rhizoctonia. Decreased labor populations and increased associated costs for ginseng production are causing rapid mechanization in every aspect of the ginseng industry. Engineers, machinery dealers, and fabricators, and growers are being challenged to increase efficiency by mechanization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.259-270
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• 1998

An automatic seedling transplanter, employed an innovative plug-seedling feeder was developed by improving the problems of conversational feeding and transplanting mechanisms. With conventional methods, missing and damage rates of seedling were high for long seedlings over 20cm and also breaking seed-bed was frequently observed. Thus, a pushout-bucket slide-hopper type trandsplanter was devised and tested. Test results of picking and transferring accuracies of the developed transplanter are as follows : A prototype transplanter performed with 1.5% of missing rate. The deviations of horizontal feed ranged from -0.3mm to 2.8mm and averaged 0.673mm for the 128-hoe test tray : and ranged from -lmm to ＋3mm and averaged 0.785mm for the 200-hole test tray. The deviations could decrease with precise manufacturing and lightening the mechanism. The maximum and deviations of vertical feed were -2.3mm and + 1mm, respectively, for the 128-hole test tray ; and were ＋3mm and ＋2.5mm, respectively, for the 200-hole test tray. The missing rate, seeding bruise rate and seed-bed damage rate were esitmate to be 1.3％, 0.4% and 3.5％, respectively, with the developed automatic transplanter.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1982

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 초류(草類) 4종(種)과 목본식물(木本植物)의 피자식물(被子植物) 31종(種)과 나자식물(裸子植物) 8종(種), 계(計) 43종(種)에 대(對)한 Soft X-ray photography에 의(依)한 종자(種子)의 몇 가지 형질(形質)을 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 시험(試験)한 결과(結果), 종자(種子)의 대소(大小), 종피(種皮)의 후박(厚薄)에 관계(關係)없이, 배(胚)와 배유(胚乳)의 발달정도(發達程度), 자엽(子葉)의 크기와 착생부위(着生部位), 그리고 쌍자종자(双子種子)의 유무(有無)와 그의 착생상태(着生生態) 등(等)의 종자충실성(種子充實性)과 병충해(病虫害), 기계적(機械的) 상해등(傷害等)은 X-ray에 대(對)한 선택적(選擇的) 감수성(感受性)이 있어 Soft X-ray법(法)은 식판별(識判別)에 유효(有効)하다고 할 수 있다.